Gordon Hammes
{{Short description|American chemist (born 1934)}}
{{Primary sources|date=December 2023}}
{{Infobox scientist
| name = Gordon Hammes
| image =
| image_size =
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1934}}
| birth_place = Fond du Lac, Wisconsin
| field = Biochemistry
| workplaces = Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, MIT, Cornell University, Duke University
| alma_mater = Princeton University
| academic_advisors = Manfred Eigen, Robert Alberty
| doctoral_advisor =
| doctoral_students =
| known_for = Enzyme kinetics and mechanism
| prizes = McKay Prize, ACS Award in Biological Chemistry
| relatives = Sharon Hammes-Schiffer (daughter)
}}
Gordon G. Hammes (born 1934 in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin) is a distinguished service professor of chemistry, emeritus, at Duke University, professor emeritus at Cornell University, and member of United States National Academy of Sciences. Hammes' research involves the study of enzyme mechanisms and enzyme regulation.{{cite web|url=http://www.asbmb.org/uploadedfiles/aboutus/asbmb_history/past_presidents/1990s/1994Hammes.html|title=ASBMB Past Presidents|publisher=American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology|accessdate=3 May 2012|archive-date=5 June 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120605165924/http://www.asbmb.org/uploadedfiles/AboutUs/ASBMB_History/Past_Presidents/1990s/1994Hammes.html|url-status=dead}}
Early life and education
Hammes was born in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin in 1934. He earned his B.A. from Princeton University in 1956 and his Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1959.
Career
Hammes conducted postdoctoral research with Manfred Eigen at the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry in Göttingen, Germany. He then secured a faculty position at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology before moving to Cornell University in 1965, where he was professor and chair of the department of chemistry. At Cornell University, he was the Horace White Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry, as well the director and co-founder of the Cornell University Biotechnology Program. He spent some time at the University of California, Santa Barbara as vice-chancellor for academic affairs, and then joined the biochemistry faculty at Duke University in 1991. He served as vice chancellor of academic affairs at the Duke University Medical Center from 1991 through 1998.{{cite web|url=http://mgm.duke.edu/news/marchuk.html |title=Marchuk Selected for 2010 Gordon G. Hammes Faculty Teaching Award |publisher=Duke Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology |accessdate=3 May 2012 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111010113911/http://mgm.duke.edu/news/marchuk.html |archivedate=10 October 2011 }}{{cite web|url=http://archives.mc.duke.edu/mcahammesgg.html|title=Guide to the Gordon G. Hammes Papers and Records, 1987–2008|publisher=Duke Medical Center Library & Archives|accessdate=3 May 2012}}
Hammes was editor-in-chief of the American Chemical Society journal Biochemistry from 1992 until 2003, and president of the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology starting in 1994.{{cite web|url=http://www.naplesmusicclub.org/gordon-hammes/|title=Gordon Hammes|publisher=Naples Music Club|accessdate=3 May 2012}} The Gordon Hammes ACS Biochemistry Lectureship was established in 2009 in order to honor significant contributions to the field of biochemistry.{{cite web|url=http://www.divbiolchem.org/content/hammesawardees1.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216022831/http://www.divbiolchem.org/content/hammesawardees1.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 16, 2013|title=Gordon Hammes ACS Biochemistry Lectureship|publisher=American Chemical Society|accessdate=3 May 2012}}
=Research papers=
Dr. Hammes is a world leader in the field of enzyme mechanisms and regulation, starting with work with Eigen on the temperature-jump technique{{cite journal | doi= 10.1021/ja01507a041| title= Kinetic Studies of ADP Reactions with the Temperature Jump Method| year= 1960| last1= Eigen| first1= Manfred| last2= Hammes| first2= Gordon G.| journal= Journal of the American Chemical Society| volume= 82| issue= 22| pages= 5951–5952
| bibcode= 1960JAChS..82.5951E}}{{cite journal | doi= 10.1021/ja01473a056
| title= Kinetic Studies of ADP Reactions with the Temperature Jump Method—Corrections
| year= 1961
| last1= Eigen
| first1= Manfred
| last2= Hammes
| first2= Gordon G.
| journal= Journal of the American Chemical Society
| volume= 83
| issue= 12
| page= 2786
| bibcode= 1961JAChS..83.2786E
}} and with Robert Alberty on relaxation spectra.{{cite journal | doi= 10.1021/ja01492a012| title= The Relaxation Spectra of Simple Enzymatic Mechanisms| year= 1960| last1= Hammes| first1= Gordon G.| last2= Alberty| first2= Robert A.| journal= Journal of the American Chemical Society| volume= 82| issue= 7| pages= 1564–1569
| bibcode= 1960JAChS..82.1564H}} He studied the kinetic behavior of various enzymes, including glutamate-aspartate transaminase,{{cite journal | doi= 10.1021/ja00883a006
| title= A Kinetic Study of Glutamic-Aspartic Transaminase
| year= 1962
| last1= Hammes
| first1= Gordon G.
| last2= Fasella
| first2= Paolo.
| journal= Journal of the American Chemical Society
| volume= 84
| issue= 24
| pages= 4644–4650
| bibcode= 1962JAChS..84.4644H
}}{{cite journal | doi= 10.1021/bi00865a026
| title= The Interaction of Aspartate Aminotransferase with α-Methylaspartic Acid
| year= 1966
| last1= Fasella
| first1= Paolo
| last2= Giartosio
| first2= Anna
| last3= Hammes
| first3= Gordon G.
| journal= Biochemistry
| volume= 5
| issue= 1
| pages= 197–202
| pmid= 5938937
}} hexokinase,{{cite journal | doi= 10.1021/ja00870a012
| title= Studies of the Enzyme Hexokinase. I. Steady State Kinetics at pH 8
| year= 1962
| last1= Hammes
| first1= Gordon G.
| last2= Kochavi
| first2= Daniel.
| journal= Journal of the American Chemical Society
| volume= 84
| issue= 11
| pages= 2069–2073
| bibcode= 1962JAChS..84.2069H
}}{{cite journal | doi= 10.1021/ja00870a013
| title= Studies of the Enzyme Hexokinase. II. Kinetic Inhibition by Products
| year= 1962
| last1= Hammes
| first1= Gordon G.
| last2= Kochavi
| first2= Daniel.
| journal= Journal of the American Chemical Society
| volume= 84
| issue= 11
| pages= 2073–2076
| bibcode= 1962JAChS..84.2073H
}}{{cite journal | doi= 10.1021/ja00870a014
| title= Studies of the Enzyme Hexokinase. III. The Role of the Metal Ion
| year= 1962
| last1= Hammes
| first1= Gordon G.
| last2= Kochavi
| first2= Daniel.
| journal= Journal of the American Chemical Society
| volume= 84
| issue= 11
| pages= 2076–2079
| bibcode= 1962JAChS..84.2076H
}} and ribonuclease.{{cite journal | doi= 10.1002/bbpc.19640680818
| title= Relaxation Spectra of Ribonuclease
| year= 1964
| last1= Cathou
| first1= Renata E.
| last2= Hammes
| first2= Gordon G.
| journal= Berichte der Bunsengesellschaft für Physikalische Chemie
| volume= 68
| issue= 8–9
| pages= 759–760
}} He developed new methodologies that allowed a better understanding of enzyme catalysis,{{cite journal | doi= 10.1016/0005-2787(65)90094-8
| title= A Sephadex dialysis method of determining small molecule-macromolecule binding constants
| year= 1965
| last1= Fasella
| first1= Paolo
| last2= Hammes
| first2= Gordon G.
| last3= Schimmel
| first3= Paul R.
| journal= Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis
| volume= 103
| issue= 4
| pages= 708–710
| pmid= 5859855
}} including fast reaction techniques, fluorescence spectroscopy, and single molecule microscopy.{{cite journal | doi= 10.1073/pnas.0700342104
| title= Single-molecule measurements of the opening and closing of the DNA gate by eukaryotic topoisomerase II
| year= 2007
| last1= Smiley
| first1= R. D.
| last2= Collins
| first2= T. R. L.
| last3= Hammes
| first3= G. G.
| last4= Hsieh
| first4= T.-S.
| journal= Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
| volume= 104
| issue= 12
| pages= 4840–4845
| pmid= 17360343
| pmc= 1829226
| bibcode= 2007PNAS..104.4840S
| doi-access= free
}} He was also one of the first to develop fluorescence energy transfer (FRET) as a technology to study distances between and within proteins.{{cite journal | doi= 10.1021/bi051378i
| title= Conformation Coupled Enzyme Catalysis: Single-Molecule and Transient Kinetics Investigation of Dihydrofolate Reductase
| year= 2005
| last1= Antikainen
| first1= Nina M.
| last2= Smiley
| first2= R. Derike
| last3= Benkovic
| first3= Stephen J.
| last4= Hammes
| first4= Gordon G.
| journal= Biochemistry
| volume= 44
| issue= 51
| pages= 16835–16843
| pmid= 16363797
}} His work revolutionized the understanding of conformational changes and multiple intermediates in enzyme catalysis. Dr. Hammes has published more than 250 scientific articles.
=Books=
Books written by Hammes include the following:
::Thermodynamics and Kinetics for the Biological Sciences (2000){{cite book| isbn= 0-471-37491-1 | title = Thermodynamics and Kinetics for the Biological Sciences | last1= Hammes| first1= Gordon G.| date= 2000 | publisher = Wiley-Interscience | place = New York}}
::Spectroscopy for the Biological Sciences (2005){{cite book| isbn= 978-0471713449| title= Spectroscopy for the Biological Sciences| last1= Hammes| first1= Gordon G.| date= 2005| publisher= Wiley}}
::Physical Chemistry for the Biological Sciences (2015) with his daughter Sharon Hammes-Schiffer{{cite book| isbn= 978-1118859001| title= Physical Chemistry for the Biological Sciences| last1= Hammes| first1= Gordon G.| last2= Hammes-Schiffer| first2= Sharon| date = 2015| publisher= John Wiley & Sons}}
Awards and distinctions
- 1956 – McKay Prize in Chemistry
- 1967 – American Chemical Society Award in Biological Chemistry
- 1967 – Eli Lilly Award in Biological Chemistry
- 2002 – American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology William C. Rose Award
- 2008 – American Chemical Society Biochemistry Lectureship, Scholarship Award created in 2016
- 2009 – Vallee Foundation board of directors
References
{{reflist}}
{{Eli Lilly Award in Biological Chemistry}}
{{Authority control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Hammes, Gordon}}
Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
Category:21st-century American chemists
Category:Cornell University faculty
Category:Duke University faculty
Category:People from Fond du Lac, Wisconsin