Government of National Unity (Libya)
{{Short description|Provisional Government of Libya since March 2021}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2021}}
{{ Infobox executive government
| government_name = Government of National Unity
{{lang|ar|حكومة الوحدة الوطنية}}
| type = executive
| image = Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh (15-04-2021).jpg
| image_size = 220px
| date = {{start date|2021|04|15|df=y}}
| country = Libya
| address = Tripoli
| leader_title = Prime Minister of Libya
| appointed = Presidential Council (since 2022)
House of Representatives (2021–2022)
| main_organ = Cabinet of Libya
| Allies =
}}
{{Politics of Libya}}
The Government of National Unity ({{langx|ar|حكومة الوحدة الوطنية }}, Hukūmat al-Wahda al-Watanīya) is a provisional government for Libya formed on 10 March 2021 to unify the rival Government of National Accord based in Tripoli and the Second Al-Thani Cabinet, based in Tobruk. Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh is the Prime Minister of the unity government and was selected in the Libyan Political Dialogue Forum on 5 February 2021.
Overview
Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh was selected as prime minister by the Libyan Political Dialogue Forum (LPDF), together with Mohamed al-Menfi as Chairman of the Presidential Council, and with Musa al-Koni and Abdullah al-Lafi as Presidential Council members. Dbeibeh was required under the agreements made by the LPDF to nominate a cabinet of ministers to the House of Representatives (HoR) by 26 February 2021.
On 15 February, Dbeibeh stated his intention to contact people in all 13 electoral areas of Libya for discussing proposed nominations as ministers, and for the cabinet to represent a cross-section of Libyans. The LPDF rules state that if Dbeibeh fails to present his proposed cabinet to the HoR by 26 February, or the HoR does not approve the proposed cabinet, then decision-making returns to the LPDF. Dbeibeh said the following day that he would consult with the High Council of State, the HoR and the 5+5 Libyan Joint Military Commission.
On 15 February, about 20 HoR members were present at an HoR session held in Tobruk, chaired by Aguila Saleh Issa in the "eastern" component of the HoR; 70 HoR members were present at Sabratha, the HoR session of the "western" component. The Tobruk bloc called for GNU offices to be located in Sirte and for the HoR to hold a special session for approving the proposed GNU cabinet. According to the Libya Herald, the two branches of the HoR remained in competition with one another.
On 10 March 2021, the House of Representatives met in the central city of Sirte and approved with a 121–11 vote the formation of the Government of National Unity led by Mohamed al-Menfi as chairman of the Presidential Council and Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh as prime minister.{{Cite news|url=https://www.rfi.fr/en/middle-east/20210310-libya-lawmakers-approve-interim-govt-in-key-step-towards-elections|title=Libya lawmakers approve interim govt in key step towards elections|publisher=Radio France Internationale|agency=Agence France-Presse|date=10 March 2021}}
The House of Representatives, which rules eastern Libya, passed a no-confidence motion against the unity government on 21 September 2021.{{cite web|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/9/21/libya-parliament-withdraws-confidence-from-unity-government|title=Libya's parliament passes no-confidence vote in unity government|work=Al Jazeera|date=21 September 2021|access-date=20 October 2021}} On 3 March 2022 a rival Government of National Stability (GNS) was installed in Sirte, under the leadership of Prime Minister Fathi Bashagha.{{Cite web |last=Assad |first=Abdulkader |date=3 March 2022 |title=Bashagha's government sworn in at House of Representatives in Tobruk |url=https://www.libyaobserver.ly/news/bashaghas-government-sworn-hor-tobruk |access-date= |website=The Libya Observer |language=en}} The decision was denounced as illegitimate by the High Council of State and condemned by the United Nations.{{Cite web |last=Alharathy |first=Safa |date=1 March 2022 |title=HCS: Granting confidence to a new government violates Political Agreement |url=https://www.libyaobserver.ly/inbrief/hcs-granting-confidence-new-government-violates-political-agreement |access-date= |website=The Libya Observer |language=en}}{{Cite web |date=3 March 2022 |title=UN voices concern over vote on new Libyan prime minister |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/3/un-voices-concern-over-vote-on-new-libyan-prime-minister |access-date= |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}
Both governments have been functioning simultaneously, which has led to dual power in Libya. The Libyan Political Dialogue Forum keeps corresponding with ceasefire agreement.{{Cite web |date=2022-06-11 |title=Libya — a tale of two governments, again |url=https://arab.news/yrqr2 |access-date=2022-08-28 |website=Arab News |language=en}} Since May 2022, there have been clashes between supporters of the two governments in Libya,{{Cite news |date=2022-05-17 |title=Clashes force Libya's Bashagha from Tripoli after brief attempt to enter |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/libyas-bashagha-arrives-tripoli-al-arabiya-2022-05-17/ |access-date=2022-08-28}} which escalated on 27 August 2022.{{Cite news |date=2022-08-28 |title=Libya clashes: UN calls for ceasefire after 32 killed |language=en-GB |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-62704008 |access-date=2022-08-28}}
On 13 August 2024 the House of Representatives voted to end the term of the Tripoli-based government of Prime Minister Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh, in an attempt to dissolve the Government of National Unity and proclaim a rival Government of National Stability as the only legitimate government of Libya.{{Cite web |title=Libyan parliament ends term of Tripoli-based govt |website=TRT Afrika |url=https://www.trtafrika.com/africa/libyan-parliament-ends-term-of-tripoli-based-govt-18195476 |access-date=2024-08-14 |language=en}}{{Cite web |last=Agency |first=Anadolu |date=2024-08-13 |title=Libyan parliament ends term of Dbeibah-led unity government |url=https://www.dailysabah.com/politics/diplomacy/libyan-parliament-ends-term-of-dbeibah-led-unity-government |access-date=2024-08-14 |website=Daily Sabah |language=en-US}}{{Cite web |title=Libyan Parliament Unilaterally Ends Terms of Presidential Council, GNU |url=https://english.aawsat.com/arab-world/5050458-libyan-parliament-unilaterally-ends-terms-presidential-council-gnu |access-date=2024-08-14 |website=english.aawsat.com |language=en}} However as of May 2025 the United Nations continues to recognise the Government of National Unity as the legitimate government of Libya.{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/dgacm/sites/www.un.org.dgacm/files/Documents_Protocol/hspmfmlist.pdf|title=HEADS OF STATE HEADS OF GOVERNMENT MINISTERS FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS|publisher=United Nations|access-date=22 May 2025}} It is also supported by the governments of Turkey, Qatar, Algeria, and Pakistan.
- {{Cite web |title=Libya's new PM Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh to visit Turkey |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/4/11/libyas-new-pm-abdulhamid-dbeibeh-to-visit-turkey |access-date=2023-02-14 |website=Al Jazeera |language=en}}
- {{Cite web |title=Exclusive: Turkey 'friend and ally' to Libya: Interim PM |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/exclusive-turkey-friend-and-ally-to-libya-interim-pm/2136812 |access-date=2023-02-14 |website=Anadolu Agency}}
- {{Cite web |title=Agreement with Turkey in interest of Libya: Dbeibah |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/agreement-with-turkey-in-interest-of-libya-dbeibah/2170232 |access-date=2023-02-14 |website=Anadolu Agency}}
- {{Cite web |title=Libyan premier invites Qatar to attend 'stability conference' |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/libyan-premier-invites-qatar-to-attend-stability-conference-/2385890 |access-date=2023-02-14 |website=Anadolu Agency}}
- {{Cite web |title=Al-Lafi affirms Libya's support for an independent Palestine with Al-Quds as its capital |url=https://libyaobserver.ly/inbrief/al-lafi-affirms-libyas-support-independent-palestine-al-quds-its-capital |access-date=2023-02-14 |website=The Libya Observer |language=en}}
- {{Cite web |title=Libya: Ben-Gvir storming of Al-Aqsa is a provocation to all Muslims |url=https://libyaobserver.ly/news/libya-ben-gvir-storming-al-aqsa-provocation-all-muslims |access-date=2023-02-14 |website=The Libya Observer |language=en}}
- {{Cite web |title=Libya condemns escalation against Palestinians in occupied territories |url=https://libyaobserver.ly/news/libya-condemns-escalation-against-palestinians-occupied-territories |access-date=2023-02-14 |website=The Libya Observer |language=en}}
- {{Cite web |title=Libya, Qatar review boosting bilateral relations |url=https://libyaobserver.ly/news/libya-qatar-review-boosting-bilateral-relations |access-date=2023-02-14 |website=The Libya Observer |language=en}}
{{Cite news |date=2022-04-18 |title=Libya's Dbeibah heading to Algeria for visit, GNU says |language=en |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/libyas-dbeibah-heading-algeria-visit-gnu-says-2022-04-18/ |access-date=2023-02-14}} - {{Cite web |title=Dbeibeh says Algeria qualified to lead Libyan reconciliation |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/dbeibeh-says-algeria-qualified-to-lead-libyan-reconciliation/2259243 |access-date=2023-02-14 |website=Anadolu Agency}}
- {{Cite web |title=Pakistan welcomes unity government formed in Libya |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/pakistan-welcomes-unity-government-formed-in-libya/2175326 |access-date=2023-02-14 |website=Anadolu Agency}}
Ministers
{{main|Cabinet of Libya}}
Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh was selected as Prime Minister of Libya in the Libyan Political Dialogue Forum on 5 February 2021 and a list of cabinet appointees was released on 11 March 2021.{{cite web|url=https://www.libyaherald.com/2021/03/11/names-of-libyas-newly-endorsed-government-of-national-unity/|title=Names of Libya's newly endorsed Government of National Unity|work=Libya Herald|author=Sami Zaptia|date=11 March 2021|accessdate=16 March 2021}} The Dbeibeh Cabinet replaced the rival al-Sarraj and al-Thani cabinets.
In March 2022, Minister of Civil Service, Abdul Fattah Saleh Muhammad Al-Khawja, and the Minister of State for Immigration Affairs, Ijdid Maatouk Jadeed, resigned after the House of Representatives granted confidence to and sworn-in the rival Government of National Stability led by Fathi Bashagha.{{Cite news |date=10 March 2022 |title=Three members of Dbeibeh's government resign |work=Libya Update |url=https://libyaupdate.com/three-members-of-dbeibehs-government-resign/ |access-date=10 March 2022}}
| class="wikitable" style=background: #f9f9f9; font-size: 95%;"
!Incumbent !Office !Website !Since !Arab Name | |
| rowspan="2" |Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh | [http://www.pm.gov.ly/ www.pm.gov.ly]
| rowspan="2" |15 March 2021 | rowspan="2" | عبد الحميد الدبيبة |
| Minister of Defense
|[https://web.archive.org/web/20150811043611/http://www.defense.gov.ly/ www.defense.gov.ly] | |
| Hussein Atiya Abdul Hafeez Al-Qatrani
|Deputy Prime Minister for East Libya | | 15 March 2021 | | |
| rowspan="2" |Ramadan Boujenah
|Deputy Prime Minister for South Libya | | 15 March 2021 | rowspan="2" | رمضان بوجناح | |
| rowspan="2" |Minister of Health
| rowspan="2" | | 9 December 2022 | |
| Ali Al-Zinati
| 15 March 2021 to 9 December 2022 | | |
| Khaled Al-Mabrouk Abdullah
|[http://www.mof.gov.ly/ www.mof.gov.ly] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060205113039/http://www.mof.gov.ly/ |date=5 February 2006 }} |15 March 2021 | | |
| Najla Mangoush
| rowspan="2" |Minister of Foreign Affairs | rowspan="2" |[https://web.archive.org/web/20200604085510/https://foreign.gov.ly/ www.foreign.gov.ly] |15 March 2021 to 28 August 2023 | | |
| rowspan="2" |Fathallah al-Zani
| rowspan="2" | | |
| Minister of Youth
| |15 March 2021 | |
| Khaled Mazen
| rowspan="3" |Minister of Interior | rowspan="3" |[http://www.moi.gov.ly/ www.moi.gov.ly] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140520020020/http://moi.gov.ly/ |date=20 May 2014 }} |15 March 2021 to 22 July 2022 | | |
| Bashir Al-Amin
|22 July 2022 to 6 November 2022 (acting) | | |
| Emad Trabelsi
|6 November 2022 | | |
| Halima Ibrahim Abdel Rahman
|Minister of Justice |[http://www.aladel.gov.ly/main/ www.aladel.gov.ly] |15 March 2021 | | |
| Musa Muhammad al-Maqrif
|Minister of Education |[https://web.archive.org/web/20140519224935/http://www.edu.gov.ly/ www.edu.gov.ly] |15 March 2021 | | |
| Imran Muhammad Abdul Anabi Al-Qeeb
|Minister of Higher Education and Scientific Research |[https://web.archive.org/web/20140519224935/http://www.edu.gov.ly/ www.edu.gov.ly] |15 March 2021 | | |
| Saeed Sifaw
|Minister of Technical and Vocational Education |[https://web.archive.org/web/20140519224935/http://www.edu.gov.ly/ www.edu.gov.ly] |15 March 2021 | | |
| Kamel Braik Al-Hassi
|Minister of Planning |[https://web.archive.org/web/20190123011346/http://www.planning.gov.ly/ www.planning.gov.ly] | 15 March 2021 | | |
| Wafaa Abu Bakr Muhammad al-Kilani
|Minister of Social Affairs |[http://www.socialaffairs.gov.ly/ www.socialaffairs.gov.ly] |15 March 2021 | | |
| Omar Ali Al-Ajili
|Minister of Economy & Trade | |15 March 2021 | | |
| Ahmed Ali Muhammad Omar
|Minister of Industry and Minerals |[http://industry.gov.ly/ www.industry.gov.ly] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060813150448/http://industry.gov.ly/ |date=13 August 2006 }} |15 March 2021 | | |
| Abdul Fattah Saleh Muhammad Al-Khawja
|Minister of Civil Service | |15 March 2021 | | |
| Badr Al-Din Al-Sadiq Al-Toumi
|Minister of Local Government | |15 March 2021 | | |
| Muhammad Ahmad Muhammad Aoun
|Minister of Oil and Gas | |15 March 2021 | | |
| Ali Al-Abed Al-Reda Abu Azoum
|Minister of Labour |[https://web.archive.org/web/20120716225231/http://www.labour.gov.ly/ www.labour.gov.ly] |15 March 2021 | | |
| Hamad Abdul-Razzaq Taher Al-Marimi
|Minister of Agriculture | |15 March 2021 | | |
| Mabrouka Othman Oki
|Minister of Culture and Knowledge Development | |15 March 2021 | | |
| Tariq Abdel Salam Mustafa Abu Flika
|Minister of Financial Resources | |15 March 2021 | | |
| Tawfiq Saeed Moftah Al-Dorsi
|Minister of Livestock and Marine Resources | |15 March 2021 | | |
| Abdul Shafi Hussein Muhammad Al-Juifi
|Minister of Sports | |15 March 2021 | | |
| Abd Al-Salam Abdullah Al-Lahi-Tiki
|Minister of Tourism and Handicrafts | |15 March 2021 | | |
| Ibrahim Al-Arabi Mounir
|Minister of Environment | |15 March 2021 | | |
| Zuhair Ahmed Mahmoud
|Minister of Housing and Construction | |15 March 2021 | | |
| Muhammad Salem Al-Shahoubi
|Minister of Transportation | |15 March 2021 | | |
| Houria Khalifa Miloud
|Minister of State for Women's Affairs | |15 March 2021 | | |
| Salama Ibrahim Al-Ghwail
|Minister of State for Economic Affairs | |15 March 2021 | | |
| Ahmed Faraj Mahjoub Abu Khuzam
|Minister of State for Displaced Affairs and Human Rights | |15 March 2021 | | |
| Walid Ammar Muhammad Ammar Al-Lafi
|Minister of State for Communication and Political Affairs | |15 March 2021 | | |
| Ijdid Maatouk Jadeed
|Minister of State for Immigration Affairs | |15 March 2021 | | |
| Abdel Jumaa Amer
|Minister of State for Prime Minister and Cabinet Affairs | |15 March 2021 | |
References
{{reflist|refs=
{{cite news |url=https://www.libyaherald.com/2021/02/05/breaking-new-libya-government-selected-by-lpdf-in-geneva |title=BREAKING: New unified Libyan government selected by LPDF in Geneva |author=Sami Zaptia |newspaper=Libya Herald |date=5 February 2021 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20210205184239/https://www.libyaherald.com/2021/02/05/breaking-new-libya-government-selected-by-lpdf-in-geneva/ |archive-date=5 February 2021 |url-status=live |access-date=5 February 2021}}
{{cite news | last1= Zaptia | first1= Sami | title= Aldabaiba and Menfi continue to hold meetings ahead of government formation and approval by parliament | date= 15 February 2021 |newspaper= Libya Herald | url= https://www.libyaherald.com/2021/02/15/aldabaiba-and-menfi-continue-to-hold-meetings-ahead-of-government-formation-and-approval-by-parliament |access-date=17 February 2021 |archive-url= https://archive.today/20210216232346/https://www.libyaherald.com/2021/02/15/aldabaiba-and-menfi-continue-to-hold-meetings-ahead-of-government-formation-and-approval-by-parliament/ |archive-date=16 February 2021 |url-status=live }}
{{cite news | last1= Zaptia | first1= Sami | title= Tobruk HoR to hold special session in Sirte to grant confidence to new Government of National Unity | date= 15 February 2021 |newspaper= Libya Herald | url= https://www.libyaherald.com/2021/02/15/tobruk-hor-to-hold-special-session-in-sirte-to-grant-confidence-to-new-government-of-national-unity |access-date=17 February 2021 |archive-url= https://archive.today/20210216232614/https://www.libyaherald.com/2021/02/15/tobruk-hor-to-hold-special-session-in-sirte-to-grant-confidence-to-new-government-of-national-unity/ |archive-date=16 February 2021 |url-status=live }}
{{cite news | last1= Assad | first1= Abdulkader | title= Dbeibah says to form new government after consulting with Libya's state institutions | date= 16 February 2021 |newspaper= The Libya Observer | url= https://www.libyaobserver.ly/news/dbeibah-says-form-new-government-after-consulting-libyas-state-institutions |access-date=17 February 2021 |archive-url= https://archive.today/20210216232759/https://www.libyaobserver.ly/news/dbeibah-says-form-new-government-after-consulting-libyas-state-institutions |archive-date=16 February 2021 |url-status=live }}
{{cite news | last1= Alharathy | first1= Safa | title= PM Dbeibah: Cabinet team will be ready before deadline | date= 15 February 2021 |newspaper= The Libya Observer | url= https://www.libyaobserver.ly/news/pm-dbeibah-cabinet-team-will-be-ready-deadline |access-date=17 February 2021 |archive-url= https://archive.today/20210216232913/https://www.libyaobserver.ly/news/pm-dbeibah-cabinet-team-will-be-ready-deadline |archive-date=16 February 2021 |url-status=live }}
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{{Cabinets of Libya}}
{{Libyan institutional transition}}
{{Libya topics}}
{{Authority control}}