Government of Somaliland

{{Main|State of Somaliland|Somaliland War of Independence|Somaliland Declaration of Independence|Somali Civil War}}

File:Independence Day State of Somaliland.png and the Government of Somaliland in connexion with the Attainment of Independence by Somalilandhttp://foto.archivalware.co.uk/data/Library2/pdf/1960-TS0044.pdf {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}]]

File:Signatures-Somaliland-independece-.png

The first government was formed in 1960, and it was a government that signed with United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland the formal independence of Somaliland from United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland on May 26, 1960, headed by Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal, the first Prime Minister of Somaliland and the second president of Somaliland. However second the government was established after the civil wars in Somalia escalated. The Grand Conference of the Northern People was held in Burao and was composed of the leaders of the Somali National Movement and representatives of all clans inhabiting north-western Somalia and decided that for the secession of Somalia to restore the sovereign state in Somaliland on 18 May 1991.{{Cite web|url=https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/somaliland-horn-africas-breakaway-state|title=Somaliland: The Horn of Africa's Breakaway State|website=Council on Foreign Relations}}{{Cite journal|url=http://www.jstor.org/stable/4006988|title=Somaliland: Choosing Politics over Violence|author1=Bradbury, Mark|author2=Adan Yusuf Abokor|author3=Haroon Ahmed Yusuf|year=2003|journal=Review of African Political Economy|volume=30|issue=97|pages=455–478|doi=10.1080/03056244.2003.9659778|jstor=4006988|s2cid=153611035|hdl=10.1080/03056244.2003.9659778|hdl-access=free}}https://media.africaportal.org/documents/P200.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624204712/https://media.africaportal.org/documents/P200.pdf |date=2021-06-24 }} {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}

{{Main|List of Presidents of Somaliland|List of Vice President of Somaliland}}

{{office-table}}

|President

|Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi

|Waddani

|12 December 2024

|-

|Vice-President

|Mohamed Aw-Ali Abdi

|Waddani

|12 December 2024

|}

The executive branch comprises the President as head of state and government, the Vice-President and the Council of Ministers. The president, together with the vice-president, is elected by the people no more than twice for a term of office of five years. He appoints and dismisses the ministers, whereby these decisions must also be approved by parliament.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}

Although the ministers should primarily be selected on the basis of their qualifications, the previous presidents have each appointed ministers based on their clan membership in order to secure the support of the corresponding clans. The number of ministers has risen from 19 in 1993 to over 23.Bradbury 2008 (S. 222)

{{As of|2019|12|01|url=http://somalilandgov.com/somaliland-cabinet/}}, the cabinet consists of:{{Cite web |url=http://somalilandgov.com/somaliland-cabinet/ |title=Somaliland Cabinet – Somaliland Official Government Website |website=somalilandgov.com |language=en-US |access-date=2017-08-09}}

{{Main|Parliament of Somaliland}}

{{further|House of Representatives (Somaliland)|House of Elders (Somaliland)}}

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The parliament ({{langx|so|Baarlamaanka}}) consists of two chambers, House of Elders ({{langx|so|Golaha Guurtida or Guurti}}) and the House of Representatives ({{langx|so|Golaha Wakiilada}}), both of which have 82 members.

The members of the House of Representatives are elected by the people for a five-year term, as was the case for the first time in the 2005 elections and the last was 2021. The seats are distributed by administrative region as shown in the table below:

In the institution of the house of elders, the traditional councils of elders of the clans are integrated into a modern state system. This council primarily has an advisory function and special responsibility for laws relating to security, religion and culture.{{Cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4289956.stm|title=Q&A: Somaliland votes|date=September 28, 2005|via=news.bbc.co.uk}} Its members are determined by the clans and have a six-year term of office.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}} The question of whether they should also be determined by popular elections in the future is the subject of political debate.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}

To run for a seat in the House of Representatives, a citizen must be Muslim, at least 35 years old, have at least attended secondary school, have no criminal record within the last five years, and be able to perform the duties of the office. State employees can only start if they withdraw from their employment with the state. The same requirements apply to the House of Elders, with the exception that the minimum age is 45 years and a good knowledge of religion and traditions is required.{{citation needed|date=July 2021}}

{{Main|Judiciary of Somaliland}}

The judicial system includes the district and regional courts as the courts of first instance, the appellate courts in each region and, as the highest instance, the Supreme Court and Constitutional Court in Hargeisa. In August 2006, Somaliland had a total of 33 courts with 87 judges. .{{Cite web|url=http://www.somalilandlaw.com/Somaliland_Judicial_System/body_somaliland_judicial_system.html|title=Somaliland Judicial System|website=www.somalilandlaw.com}}

The sources of law are Somali customary law (heer or Xeer), Islamic law (Shari’a) and modern (British) law. In many cases, these contradict each other considerably. The corporal punishment for certain crimes provided for in the Shari'a is not applied, since such cases are dealt with under customary law with compensation paymentsLewis 2008 (S. 87) and the constitution forbids corporal punishment.Constitution of Somaliland, Art. 24

{{Main|Regions of Somaliland|Districts of Somaliland}}

The Regions and Districts Act of 2002 formalized the administrative structure with six regions and 23 districts in which local elections for the district councils would take place. The districts were classified according to area, population and density, economy and production in grades from A to D, with A being the highest and D being the lowest. A districts have district councils with 21 members, B districts 17, C districts 13 and D districts nine, the capital Hargeysa has a parish council with 25 members. The district councils are directly elected by the district electorate – for the first time in the local elections in 2002 – and in turn determine the mayor. The 23 districts with elected district councils have police and judicial structures in place, and tax revenue is passed on to central government, which in turn provides the districts with funds to pay civil servants, including teachers and health workers. Most districts are largely financially dependent on the central government for lack of their own resources.

The regions are governed by regional councils made up of the elected mayors. These are headed by governors who are appointed by the central government.{{Cite web|url=http://www.somalilandlaw.com/body_local_government_law.htm#Heading|title=Local Government Law}}

Somaliland is officially divided into Six regions (plural gobollada; singular gobol), which in turn are subdivided into districts. The regions are as follows:

{{Somaliland Regions}}

{{Main|Elections in Somaliland}} {{See also|National Electoral Commission (Somaliland)}}

All citizens over the age of 16 have the right to vote, with the exception of prison inmates. For local and parliamentary elections, proportional representation applies; the election of both the president and vice-president is based on majority voting.{{Cite web|url=http://www.somalilandlaw.com/Electoral_Laws/Presidential___Local_Elections/body_presidential___local_elections.htm|title=Somaliland Presidential & Local Elections Law|website=www.somalilandlaw.com}}{{Cite web|url=http://www.somalilandlaw.com/Electoral_Laws/Representatives__Election_Law/body_representatives__election_law.htm|title=Representatives' Election Law|website=www.somalilandlaw.com}}

• Politics of Somaliland

• [https://www.govsomaliland.org/ Government of Somaliland], www.govsomaliland.org

{{Somaliland topics}}

{{Somaliland government ministries and agencies}}

{{Africa in topic|Government of}}

Category:Politics of Somaliland

Category:Political organisations based in Somaliland

Category:1991 establishments in Somaliland