Government of Tamil Nadu
{{Short description|Indian state government}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2021}}
{{Use Indian English|date=May 2021}}
{{infobox government
| government_name = Government of Tamil Nadu
| image = 200px
| division_type = State
| division = Tamil Nadu
| website = {{URL|https://www.tn.gov.in/}}
| legislature_label = Assembly
| legislature = {{ubl|Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly|}}
| speaker_label = Speaker
| deputy_speaker_label = Deputy Speaker
| deputy_speaker = K. Pitchandi, DMK
| members_in_assembly_label = Members in Assembly
| members_in_assembly = 234
| meeting_place = Fort St. George
| leader_type = Governor
| leader_title = R. N. Ravi
| leader_type2 = Chief Minister
| leader_title2 = M. K. Stalin, DMK
| leader_type3 = Deputy Chief Minister
| leader_title3 = Udhayanidhi Stalin, DMK
| leader_type4 = Chief Secretary
| leader_title4 = N. Muruganandam IAS
| headquarters = Chennai
| departments = 43
| branch4 = Judiciary branch
| court_name = High Court
| court = Madras High Court
| chief_justice_label = Chief Justice
| chief_justice = K. R. Shriram
| country = India
}}
The Government of Tamil Nadu ({{IPA|ta|t̪əmɪɻnɑːɖʉ əɾəsʉ|IPA}}) is the administrative body responsible for the governance of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Chennai is the capital of the state and houses the state executive, legislature and head of judiciary.
Under the Constitution of India, de jure executive authority lies with the governor, although this authority is exercised only by, or on the advice of, the chief minister, the de facto authority and the cabinet. Following elections to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly, the state's governor usually invites the party (or coalition) with a majority of seats to form the government. The governor appoints the chief minister, whose council of ministers are collectively responsible to the assembly.
Legislative assembly elections are held every five years to elect a new assembly, unless there is a successful vote of no confidence in the government or a two-thirds vote for a snap election in the assembly, in which case an election may be held sooner. The legislature of Tamil Nadu was bicameral until 1986, when it was replaced by a unicameral legislature. The judiciary branch is led by a High Court (Madras High Court) led by a Chief Justice.
Executive
The Governor is the de jure constitutional head of state while the Chief Minister is the de facto chief executive. The governor is appointed by the President of India. Following elections to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly, the state's governor usually invites the party (or coalition) with a majority of seats to form the government. The governor appoints the chief minister, whose council of ministers are collectively responsible to the assembly. Given that he has the confidence of the assembly, the chief minister's term is for five years and is subject to no term limits.{{cite book|author=Durga Das Basu|title=Introduction to the Constitution of India|year=1960|pages=241–245|publisher=LexisNexis Butterworths Wadhwa|isbn=978-81-8038-559-9}} Chennai is the capital of the state and houses the state executive, legislative and head of judiciary.{{cite web|url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Tamil-Nadu|title=Tamil Nadu|publisher=Britannica|access-date=1 December 2023}}
Council of Ministers
{{transcluded section|M. K. Stalin ministry}}
{{#section-h:M. K. Stalin ministry|Council of Ministers}}
Legislature
{{multiple image
| total_width=400
| align=right
| image1=Fort St. George, Chennai 2.jpg
| image2=A building in Chennai.JPG
| caption1=Fort St. George, the seat of the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly
| caption2=Madras High Court, the highest judicial authority in Tamil Nadu
}}
The Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly consists of 234 members elected through democratic elections. The current seat of the assembly is at Fort St. George in Chennai. The first election to the assembly on the basis of universal adult suffrage was held in January 1952.{{cite web|url=http://www.assembly.tn.gov.in/archive/Resumes/review_01assly/ch01.pdf |title=1952 Election |access-date=12 February 2013}} The legislature of Tamil Nadu was bicameral until 1986, when it was replaced by a unicameral legislature after the abolishment of Tamil Nadu Legislative Council.{{cite web|url=https://assembly.tn.gov.in/history/statelegislature.php|title=The State Legislature–Origin and Evolution|publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu|access-date=1 February 2023}} Any bill passed by the legislature needs the assent of the governor before becoming an act.
Judiciary
The Madras High Court was established on 26 June 1862 and is the highest judicial authority of the state with control over all the civil and criminal courts in the state.{{cite web|url=https://www.hcmadras.tn.nic.in/mashist.html|title=History of Madras High Court|work=Madras High Court|access-date=1 January 2023}} It is headed by a Chief Justice, a position currently held by K. R. Shriram.{{cite web|title=Madras High Court - Profile of Chief Justice|url=http://www.hcmadras.tn.nic.in/cjhc.html|access-date=26 November 2021|work=Madras High Court}} The court is based out of Chennai and has a bench at Madurai since 2004.{{cite web|url=https://www.hcmadras.tn.nic.in/mduhist.html|title=History of Madras High Court, Madurai bench|work=Madras High Court|access-date=1 January 2023}}
Administrative divisions
File:Tamil_Nadu_districts_map.svg.]]
{{Further|Local government bodies in Tamil Nadu}}
As per the 2011 census, Tamil Nadu is the seventh most populous state in India with a population of 72.1 million.{{cite report|title=Population and decadal change by residence|url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/PCA_Highlights/pca_highlights_file/India/Chapter-1.pdf|work=Government of India|page=2|access-date=1 December 2023}} It covers an area of {{cvt|130,058|km2}} and is the tenth largest Indian state by area. The state is divided into 38 districts, each of which is administered by a District Collector, who is an officer of the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) appointed to the district by the Government of Tamil Nadu. For revenue administration, the districts are further subdivided into 87 revenue divisions administered by Revenue Divisional Officers (RDO) which comprise 310 taluks administered by Tahsildars. The taluks are divided into 1,349 revenue blocks called firkas which encompass 17,680 revenue villages.{{cite web|url=https://www.tn.gov.in/government|title=Government units, Tamil Nadu|publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu|access-date=1 January 2023}}
{{As of|2024}}, the local administration consists of 15 municipal corporations, 121 municipalities and 528 town panchayats in the urban and 385 panchayat unions and 12,618 village panchayats, administered by Village Administrative Officers (VAO).{{cite report|url=https://mospi.gov.in/sites/default/files/Statistical_year_book_india_chapters/ch42.pdf|title=Statistical year book of India|publisher=Government of India|access-date=1 January 2023|page=1}} Greater Chennai Corporation, established in 1688, is the second oldest in the world and Tamil Nadu was the first state to establish town panchayats as a new administrative unit.{{cite web|url=https://www.tn.gov.in/dtp/introduction.htm|title=Town panchayats|publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu|access-date=1 January 2023}}{{cite web|url=https://knowindia.india.gov.in/profile/local-government.php|title=Local Government|publisher=Government of India|access-date=1 January 2023|page=1}}
Departments
{{Main|List of departments of the government of Tamil Nadu}}
The administration of the state government functions through various secretariat departments. Each department consists of a secretary to the government, who is the official head of the department with the Chief secretary superintending control over the secretariat and staff. The departments have further sub-divisions which may govern various undertakings and boards. There are 43 departments of the state.{{cite web|url=http://www.tn.gov.in/department|title=List of Departments|publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu|access-date=1 December 2023}}
Insignia
{{Further|Emblem of Tamil Nadu}}
The state emblem was designed in 1949 and consists of the Lion Capital of Ashoka without the bell lotus foundation and flanked on either side by an Indian flag with an image of a Gopuram or Hindu temple tower on the background. There are two inscriptions in Tamil language displayed around the rim of the seal runs. தமிழ் நாடு அரசு ('Tamil Nadu arasu') translating to "Government of Tamil Nadu" is inscribed on the top. Inscribed at the bottom is வாய்மையே வெல்லும் ('Vaymaiye Vellum') which translates to "Truth Alone Triumphs" and derived from the words "Satyameva Jayate" in the Indian emblem.{{cite web|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/madurai/Which-Tamil-Nadu-temple-is-the-state-emblem/articleshow/55285143.cms|title=Which Tamil Nadu temple is the state emblem?|date=7 November 2016|work=The Times of India|access-date=20 January 2018}}
| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left;" style="font-size: 95%"
|+Symbols of Tamil Nadu{{cite web|url=https://wiienvis.nic.in/KidsCentre/state_symbols_india_8411.aspx|title=State Symbols of India|publisher=Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change, Government of India|access-date=30 August 2023}}{{cite web|url=https://tnbb.tn.gov.in/state-symbol.php|title=Symbols of Tamil Nadu|publisher=Government of Tamil Nadu|access-date=12 August 2023}} |
| Type
!Symbol !Image |
|---|
| Animal
|Nilgiri tahr (Nilgiritragus hylocrius) |File:Nilgiri_tahr_(Nilgiritragus_hylocrius)_female_head.jpg |
| Bird
|Emerald dove (Chalcophaps indica) |
| Butterfly
|Tamil Yeoman (Cirrochroa thais) |
| Flower
|Glory lily (Gloriosa superba) |
| Fruit
|Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) |
| Tree
|Palmyra palm (Borassus flabellifer) |
See also
References
{{Reflist}}