Grammostola
{{Short description| Genus of spiders}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| taxon = Grammostola
| image = Grammostola cf. porteri adult male.jpg
| image_caption = Male Grammostola rosea
| authority = Simon, 1892
| type_species = G. pulchripes
| type_species_authority = (Simon, 1891)
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = 20, see text
| synonyms = *Lasiocnemus Ausserer, 1871
- Lasiopelma Simon, 1892{{cite journal| last=Schmidt| first=G.| year=1994| title=Das Männchen von Tapinauchenius gigas di Caporiacco, 1954 (Araneida: Theraphosidae: Aviculariinae)| journal=Arachnologisches Magazin| volume=2| issue=5| page=5}}
- Polyspina Schmidt, 1994
- Polyspinosa Schmidt, 1999{{cite journal| last1=Bertani| first1=R.| last2=Fukushima| first2=C. S.| year=2004| title=Polyspinosa Schmidt, 1999 (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Eumenophorinae) is a synonym of Grammostola Simon, 1892 (Araneae, Theraphosidae, Theraphosinae)| journal=Revista Ibérica de Aracnología| volume=9| page=330}}
- Sorata Strand, 1907{{cite journal| last=Raven| first=R. J.| year=1985| title=The spider infraorder Mygalomorphae (Araneae): Cladistics and systematics| journal=Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History| volume=182| page=159}}
}}
Grammostola is a genus of South American tarantulas that was first described in text by Eugène Louis Simon in 1892.{{cite book| last=Simon| first=E| year=1892| title=Histoire naturelle des araignées| publisher=Roret | location=Paris| doi=10.5962/bhl.title.51973| url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/51973| author-link=Eugène Simon}} These medium- to large-sized spiders are native to tropical South America, and are usually brown in color, with pinkish or orangish-red hairs. The very docile Chilean rose tarantula (Grammostola rosea) is popular as a beginner's spider among tarantula enthusiasts.Muller-Esnault, Susan, DVM. "Rose Hair Tarantulas or Chilean Rose Hair" (2008). http://www.critterology.com/rose_hair_tarantulas_or_chilean_rose_hair-192.html {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150419015955/http://www.critterology.com/rose_hair_tarantulas_or_chilean_rose_hair-192.html |date=2015-04-19 }}
''Grammostola'' as a pet
The Chilean rose tarantula (Grammostola rosea) is a common pet, as its behavior is generally docile and its venom is very mild. It needs to be kept dry and dislikes being wet (its natural habitat is one of the driest deserts on earth). If the substrate is too wet, it will stand "on tiptoes" in discomfort, or climb the sides of its enclosure, risking fall and injury. It feeds on other invertebrates. Its attributes and care are similar to those of its relative, the Chaco golden-knee tarantula (Grammostola pulchripes).{{citation needed|date=January 2016}}
Species
{{as of|2024|1}} it contains twenty species, found in South America:{{cite journal| title=Gen. Grammostola Simon, 1892| website=World Spider Catalog Version 24.5| accessdate=2024-01-05| publisher=Natural History Museum Bern| url=http://www.wsc.nmbe.ch/genus/3357| doi=10.24436/2| last1=Gloor| first1=Daniel| last2=Nentwig| first2=Wolfgang| last3=Blick| first3=Theo| last4=Kropf| first4=Christian}}
- Grammostola actaeon (Pocock, 1903) – Brazil, Uruguay
- Grammostola alticeps (Pocock, 1903) – Uruguay
- Grammostola andreleetzi Vol, 2008 – Uruguay
- Grammostola anthracina (C. L. Koch, 1842) – Brazil, Uruguay, Paraguay, Argentina
- Grammostola borelli (Simon, 1897) – Paraguay
- Grammostola burzaquensis Ibarra, 1946 – Argentina
- Grammostola chalcothrix Chamberlin, 1917 – Argentina
- Grammostola diminuta Ferretti, Pompozzi, González & Pérez-Miles, 2013 – Argentina
- Grammostola doeringi (Holmberg, 1881) – Argentina
- Grammostola gossei (Pocock, 1899) – Argentina
- Grammostola grossa (Ausserer, 1871) – Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina
- Grammostola iheringi (Keyserling, 1891) – Brazil
- Grammostola inermis Mello-Leitão, 1941 – Argentina
- Grammostola mendozae (Strand, 1907) – Argentina
- Grammostola pulchra Mello-Leitão, 1921 – Brazil
- Grammostola pulchripes (Simon, 1891) (type) – Paraguay, Argentina
- Grammostola quirogai Montes de Oca, D'Elía & Pérez-Miles, 2016 – Brazil, Uruguay
- Grammostola rosea (Walckenaer, 1837) – Bolivia, Chile, Argentina
- Grammostola subvulpina (Strand, 1906) – South America
- Grammostola vachoni Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1961 – Argentina
= In synonymy =
{{Div col|colwidth=30em|content=*G. argentinensis Strand, 1907 = Grammostola rosea (Walckenaer, 1837)
- G. aureostriata Schmidt & Bullmer, 2001 = Grammostola pulchripes (Simon, 1891)
- G. australis Gerschman & Schiapelli, 1948 = Grammostola inermis Mello-Leitão, 1941
- G. brevimetatarsis Strand, 1907 = Grammostola actaeon (Pocock, 1903)
- G. cala Chamberlin, 1917 = Grammostola rosea (Walckenaer, 1837)
- G. fasciata Mello-Leitão, 1921 = Grammostola grossa (Ausserer, 1871)
- G. ferruginea Mello-Leitão, 1921 = Grammostola grossa (Ausserer, 1871)
- G. fossor Schmidt, 2001 = Grammostola vachoni Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1961
- G. gigantea Mello-Leitão, 1921 = Grammostola iheringi (Keyserling, 1891)
- G. grandicola Strand, 1908 = Grammostola grossa (Ausserer, 1871)
- G. longimana Mello-Leitão, 1921 = Grammostola anthracina (C. L. Koch, 1842)
- G. mollicoma (Ausserer, 1875) = Grammostola anthracina (C. L. Koch, 1842)
- G. porteri (Mello-Leitão, 1936) = Grammostola rosea (Walckenaer, 1837)
- G. roquettei Mello-Leitão, 1921 = Grammostola anthracina (C. L. Koch, 1842)
- G. schulzei (Schmidt, 1994) = Grammostola vachoni Schiapelli & Gerschman, 1961
- G. spatulata (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897) = Grammostola rosea (Walckenaer, 1837)}}
== Transferred to other genera ==
Grammostola familiaris (Bertkau, 1880) → Homoeomma familiare
== [[Nomen dubium]] ==
Grammostola monticola (Strand, 1907) - Bolivia
Gallery
Image:Grammostola rosea adult weiblich.jpg|Grammostola rosea
Image:Grammostola pulchra (aka).jpg|Grammostola pulchra
Image:Grammostola pulchripes L9 female OnAHand.jpg|Grammostola pulchripes (aureostriata)
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- {{citation |first=Ondrej |last=Rehak |title=Gallery of tarantulas |website=Tarantula breeding |url=http://www.spidy.goliathus.com/english/gallery-tarantulas.php |accessdate=2016-01-24 }} – includes Grammostola species
- [http://www.livescience.com/57424-wild-tarantula-eats-snake.html LiveScience Wild Tarantula Eats a Foot-Long Snake in a First]
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