Grant Houses

Morningside Heights Inc. (MHI) was founded by Columbia University and other area institutions to begin renovating Morningside Heights to target the "undesirables" and stop neighborhood blight in the neighborhood. David Rockefeller and Lawrence M. Orton, a planning commissioner, were President and Executive Director of the organization. MHI helped lobby for slum clearance in the 1940s with the intention of using the legislation to displace residents on the fringes of the neighborhood in order to keep the area middle-class. MHI then encouraged NYCHA to build the Grant Houses and Manhattanville Houses to the north of Morningside Gardens, a middle income cooperative. This created a buffer between Morningside Heights and Harlem. Prior to the construction of the Grant Houses, Columbia conducted a survey of residents on the site of which more than half said they were mostly satisfied with current housing, noting that overcrowding was lower in the area.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sniqLB3ApQYC&pg=PA16|title=Spatial Regulation in New York City: From Urban Renewal to Zero Tolerance|last=Chronopoulos|first=Themis|date=2012-03-28|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=9781136740688|language=en}}

Construction on the Grant Houses began in 1954{{Cite web|url=http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1954/07/14/84126187.html|title=To Break Ground for Housing|last=|first=|date=July 14, 1954|website=New York Times|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2019-06-27}} and was completed in 1956 at a cost of $29.2 million. Designed by architects Eggers & Higgins, the apartment buildings contained 1,940 units.{{cite journal |title=Housing in Large Cities in the U.S.A. |first=A. A. |last=Bellamy |journal=The Town Planning Review |volume=29 |number=3 |date=October 1958 |pages=179–197 |doi=10.3828/tpr.29.3.g77rp727n7123gq3 |jstor=40101541}} With eight of the buildings at 21 stories, they were the tallest housing projects in New York City when built. The buildings are managed by the New York City Housing Authority. For maximum sunlight exposure they lie directly north of Morningside Gardens. The redevelopment projects together aimed to retain the racially and economically mixed character of the Morningside-Manhattanville area before clearance. The New York Times noted the racial identification of the first five families to move into the Grant Houses: "two white, two Negro and one Puerto Rican."{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1956/08/20/archives/hello-to-gleam-at-grant-houses-community-welcome-slated-for-first.html|title='Hello' to Gleam at Grant Houses; Community Welcome Slated for First Tenants in City's Tallest Public Housing Financing of Project|last=Grutzner|first=Charles|date=1956-08-20|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-12-26|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}} President of City College, Buell G. Gallagher felt that the project would quickly become segregated, estimating 90% of residents to be African-American.{{Cite web|url=http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1957/10/03/84768679.html?action=click&contentCollection=Archives&module=LedeAsset®ion=ArchiveBody&pgtype=article&pageNumber=9|title=HOUSING OFFICE SCORED; Gallagher Fears Segregated Pattern in Grant Houses|last=|first=|date=October 3, 1957|website=New York Times|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2019-06-27}}

By 1958 it was felt that the Grant Houses and other large developments in the neighborhood were doing little to improve the area. The development displaced roughly 7,000 residents who were mostly African-American or Puerto Rican and did little to improve older buildings nearby.{{Cite web|url=http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1956/08/09/86670395.html|title=MAYOR DEPLORES SLUM JOB DELAYS|last=|first=|date=August 9, 1956|website=New York Times|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2019-06-27}}{{Cite web|url=http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1958/06/09/81863380.html|title=SLUMS ENGULFING COLUMBIA SECTION|last=|first=|date=June 9, 1958|website=New York Times|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2019-06-27}}

In the early 1960s, crime began to rise and residents began organizing to obtain more police presence in the area.{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QzMsDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT292|title=Broadway: A History of New York City in Thirteen Miles|last=Leadon|first=Fran|date=2018-04-17|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company|isbn=9780393285451|language=en}} In 2014, the Grant and Manhattanville Houses were the site of the largest gang bust in city history. 103 suspects were arrested on a 145-count indictment from a grand jury with crimes ranging from weapon possession to murder. Residents cited historic tensions between the developments and institutionalized racism as possible motivations behind the bust.{{Cite web|url=https://www.politico.com/states/new-york/city-hall/story/2015/03/busts-but-not-a-solution-from-nypd-tracking-of-housing-feuds-087367|title=Busts, but not a solution, from NYPD tracking of housing feuds|last=Kramer|first=Abigail|website=Politico PRO|language=en|access-date=2019-06-27}}{{Cite web|url=https://gothamist.com/2016/10/24/gang_sweeps_public_housing.php|title=How Massive Gang Sweeps Make Growing Up In The Projects A Crime|date=2016-10-24|website=Gothamist|language=en|access-date=2019-06-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190627170844/https://gothamist.com/2016/10/24/gang_sweeps_public_housing.php|archive-date=June 27, 2019|url-status=dead}}

• Ray Chew (born c. 1968), musical director, lived there until age 7.Beckerman, Jim. [http://www.northjersey.com/news/intriguingpeople/The_pro_who_rules_amateur_night.html "The pro who rules amateur night"], The Record (Bergen County), June 28, 2009. Accessed June 28, 2009.
• Chris Jackson (born 1971), publisher{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/07/magazine/how-chris-jackson-is-building-a-black-literary-movement.html|title=How Chris Jackson Is Building a Black Literary Movement|last=Cunningham|first=Vinson|date=2016-02-02|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-06-27|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}
• Pedro Pietri (1944–2004), writer and a co-founder of the Nuyorican Movement.{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/03/06/arts/pedro-pietri-59-poet-who-chronicled-nuyorican-life.html|title=Pedro Pietri, 59, Poet Who Chronicled Nuyorican Life|last=Gonzalez|first=David|date=2004-03-06|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-06-27|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}
• Keith Sweat (born 1961), R&B singer{{Cite news |url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/manhattan/harlem-born-keith-sweat-releases-new-album-article-1.985481 |title=Harlem-born R&B singer and radio host Keith Sweat releases new album |last=Feeney |first=Michael J. |newspaper=New York Daily News |date=December 2, 2011 |access-date=2019-06-27}}

• New York City Housing Authority
• List of New York City Housing Authority properties

{{Reflist}}

• [http://www1.nyc.gov/assets/nycha/downloads/pdf/Grant.pdf "Grant"] – NYCHA Development Map

Category:Morningside Heights, Manhattan

Category:Public housing in Manhattan

Category:Residential buildings in Manhattan

Category:Residential buildings completed in 1956

Category:Broadway (Manhattan)

Category:1956 establishments in New York City

Category:Eggers & Higgins buildings