Grapefruit juice

{{Main|Grapefruit–drug interactions}}

Grapefruit and grapefruit juice have been found to interact with numerous drugs, in many cases resulting in adverse effects.{{cite journal |vauthors=Bailey DG, Dresser G, Arnold JM |title=Grapefruit-medication interactions: forbidden fruit or avoidable consequences? |journal=CMAJ |volume=185 |issue=4 |pages=309–316 |date=March 2013 |pmid=23184849 |pmc=3589309 |doi=10.1503/cmaj.120951}} This happens in two ways: one is that grapefruit can block an enzyme which metabolizes medication,{{cite web|last1=Mitchell|first1=Steve|title=Why Grapefruit and Medication Can Be a Dangerous Mix|url=http://www.consumerreports.org/health/grapefruit-and-medications-can-be-a-dangerous-mix/|website=Consumer Reports|access-date=4 May 2016|date=19 February 2016}} and if the drug is not metabolized, then the level of the drug in the blood can become too high, leading to an adverse effect. The other effect is that grapefruit can block the absorption of drugs in the intestine, and if the drug is not absorbed, then not enough of it is in the blood to have a therapeutic effect.

One whole grapefruit or a glass of {{convert|200|mL|usoz|abbr=on}} of grapefruit juice can cause drug overdose toxicity. Drugs which are incompatible with grapefruit are typically labeled on the container or package insert. People taking drugs can ask their health care provider or pharmacist questions about grapefruit/drug interactions.

Grapefruit juice is used in several cocktails, such as the sea breeze (which consists of grapefruit juice, vodka, and cranberry juice); Salvatore Calabrese, Classic Cocktails (Sterling Publishing, 1997), p. 158. the salty dog,David Tanis, Heart of the Artichoke and Other Kitchen Journeys (Workman: 2010), p. 320. the grapefruit mimosa, and a grapefruit radler.{{cite web|url=https://www.lcbo.com/content/lcbo/en/pages/beer/beer-style-guide/radler.html|title=Radler}}

Canadian regulations on commercially produced and sold grapefruit juice are that it must be made from clean, mature grapefruit and may contain sugar, invert sugar, dextrose, glucose solids and class II preservatives[https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/food-nutrition/food-safety/food-additives/lists-permitted/11-preservatives.html#a2 class II preservative] such as benzoic acid, amylase, cellulase and pectinase.{{Citation|author=Minister of Justice |title=Food and Drug Regulations |url=https://laws.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/C.R.C.,_c._870/page-61.html#s-B.11.125 |access-date=25 November 2019}} According to Canadian standards, grapefruit juice should contain more than 1.15 milliequivalents of free amino acid per {{convert|100|ml}}; more than 70 milligrams of potassium per 100 ml; and have an absorbance value for total polyphenolics of no less than 0.310. During the production process, the sugar content in the juice, before the addition of sugar, invert sugar, dextrose or glucose solids, should have a Brix reading of no less than 9.3. It must contain 0.7% to 2.1% of acid by weight as anhydrous citric acid.

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• Grapefruit spoon
• Juicing
• List of juices

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Category:Fruit juice

Category:Grapefruit

Category:Citrus drinks

Category:CYP3A4 inhibitors