Graphium xenocles

{{Short description|Species of butterfly}}

{{Speciesbox

| name = Great zebra

| image = Graphium xenoclesCramer, 1775.jpg

| image_caption = Male in Adalbert Seitz's Macrolepidoptera of the World

| genus = Graphium (butterfly)

| species = xenocles

| authority = Cramer, 1775

}}

Graphium xenocles, the great zebra, is a swallowtail butterfly found in Southeast Asia which is common and not threatened.{{cite book |last1=Collins |first1=N. Mark |last2=Morris |first2=Michael G. |title=Threatened Swallowtail Butterflies of the World: The IUCN Red Data Book |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/98674#page/7/mode/1up |year=1985 |publisher=IUCN |location=Gland & Cambridge |isbn=978-2-88032-603-6 |via=Biodiversity Heritage Library}}

Subspecies

  • G. x. xenocles Sikkim, Assam, Bhutan
  • G. x. kephisos (Fruhstorfer, 1902) Burma - Vietnam
  • G. x. lindos (Fruhstorfer, 1902) Thailand
  • G. x xenoclides Fruhstorfer, 1902 Hainan, Five Finger Mts

Description

Male upperside: black forewing with the following greenish or bluish-white streaks and spots: Cell with three transverse, very oblique, broad streaks and two elongate spots near apex; in the type as described the outer two of the three streaks coalescent; broad streaks from base in interspaces la to 3; a series of four rounded spots beyond apex of coll in interspaces 4, 5, 6 and 8, followed by five short streaks that are outwardly truncate or emarginate, in interspaces 4 to 8; lastly, a complete subterminal series of comparatively large rounded spots. Hindwing with similar greenish-white or bluish-white streaks and spots as follows: a broad curved streak in cell; broad streaks from base in interspaces 1 to 7, these streaks vary in length but invariably leave a comparatively broad margin of the ground colour beyond; the streak in interface 7 white, that in interspace 1, and in some specimens in interspace 2 also, with a large yellow spot beyond the apex; lastly, a subterminal series of spots, some or all of which may be absent, but when present the posterior three always somewhat lunular. Underside: fuliginous brown, paler towards the apical area of forewing; markings as on the upperside, but duller and less clearly defined. Antennae, head, thorax and abdomen black; two spots on the head, the thorax and abdomen laterally, white; beneath: the thorax and abdomen white, the latter with a medial and a lateral narrow stripe.{{cite book |last1=Bingham |first1=C.T. |authorlink=Charles Thomas Bingham |title=The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma |url=https://archive.org/details/butterflies02bingiala |volume=II |edition=1st |publisher= Taylor and Francis, Ltd. |location=London |year=1907 }}

Female similar to the male with similar markings; those on the hindwing often vary in width more than they do in the males; the ground colour also of the hindwing is generally of a chestnut red, not black or fuliginous.

Karl Jordan in Seitz (pages 105) provides a description differentiating xenocles from nearby taxa and discussing some forms.

Seitz , A. Band 9: Abt. 2, Die exotischen Großschmetterlinge, Die indo-australischen Tagfalter, 1927, 1197 Seiten 177 Tafeln {{PD-notice}}

Biology

See also

{{commons category|Graphium xenocles}}

{{Wikispecies|Graphium xenocles}}

References