Graphocephala coccinea
{{Short description|Species of true bug}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Graphocephala coccinea Kaldari 02.jpg
| image_caption =
| taxon = Graphocephala coccinea
| authority = (Forster, 1771)
| synonyms = *Cicada coccinea Forster, 1771
- Tettigonia quadrivittata Say, 1830
- Tettigonia picta Walker, 1851
- Tettigonia teliformis Walker, 1851
- Tettigonia idonea Fowler, 1900
}}
Graphocephala coccinea is a meadow and woodland-dwelling species of brightly colored leafhopper native to North and Central America, from Canada south to Panama.[http://www.sel.barc.usda.gov/selhome/leafhoppers/HTML/G.html United States Department of Agriculture] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080922180542/http://www.sel.barc.usda.gov/selhome/leafhoppers/HTML/G.html |date=2008-09-22 }} Common names include candy-striped leafhopper, red-banded leafhopper, scarlet-and-green leafhopper, red-and-blue leafhopper, and sharpshooter.
Adults measure 6.7–8.4 mm in length and have vivid blue (or green) and red (or orange-red) stripes on their wings and the top of their thorax combined with bright yellow coloration on their head, legs, abdomen, and elsewhere.
Leafhoppers feed on plant sap with the aid of specialized mouthparts.
Pierce's disease
G. coccinea has been identified as one of several leafhopper species that is a vector in leaf scorch caused by the gammaproteobacteria Xylella fastidiosa ("Pierce's disease"). X. fastidiosa is responsible for the decline of certain woody plants such as elm, oak, and other ornamental trees.[http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/projects/projects.htm?ACCN_NO=404922&fy=2005 USDA Agricultural Research Service] According to a research entomologist at the United States National Arboretum, "An understanding of the transmission of this bacterium by insect vectors is economically important because there is neither any known effective therapy for infected trees and shrubs nor a strategy for preventing infection."{{Cite web |url=http://www.usna.usda.gov/Research/~jab.html |title=Dr. Jo-Ann Bentz, Research Entomologist |access-date=2008-07-15 |archive-date=2012-09-28 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120928081818/http://www.usna.usda.gov/Research/~jab.html |url-status=dead }} In California they damage valuable crops{{cite journal |last1=Jeger |first1=Michael |last2=Caffier |first2=David |last3=Candresse |first3=Thierry |last4=Chatzivassiliou |first4=Elisavet |last5=Dehnen-Schmutz |first5=Katharina |last6=Gilioli |first6=Gianni |last7=Grégoire |first7=Jean-Claude |last8=Jaques Miret |first8=Josep Anton |last9=MacLeod |first9=Alan |last10=Navajas Navarro |first10=Maria |last11=Niere |first11=Björn |last12=Parnell |first12=Stephen |last13=Potting |first13=Roel |last14=Rafoss |first14=Trond |last15=Rossi |first15=Vittorio |last16=Urek |first16=Gregor |last17=Van Bruggen |first17=Ariena |last18=Van der Werf |first18=Wopke |last19=West |first19=Jonathan |last20=Winter |first20=Stephan |last21=Almeida |first21=Rodrigo |last22=Bosco |first22=Domenico |last23=Jacques |first23=Marie-Agnès |last24=Landa |first24=Blanca |last25=Purcell |first25=Alexander |last26=Saponari |first26=Maria |last27=Czwienczek |first27=Ewelina |last28=Delbianco |first28=Alice |last29=Stancanelli |first29=Giuseppe |last30=Bragard |first30=Claude |last31=Bragard |first31=C |title=Updated pest categorisation of Xylella fastidiosa |journal=EFSA Journal |date=July 2018 |volume=16 |issue=7 |pages=e05357 |doi=10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5357 |pmid=32625990 |pmc=7009507 }} and in Germany they are a nuisance to people sitting under trees in public parks.{{cite journal |last1=Nikusch |first1=I. W. |title=Die Platanennetzwanze, Corythuca ciliata Say, und die Rhododendronzikade, Graphocephala coccinea Forster, zwei neuere sich ausbreitende Problemschädlinge für das Öffentliche Grün in Deutschland |trans-title=The sycamore lace bug, Corythuca ciliata (Say) and the rhododendron leafhopper Graphocephala coccinea (Forster), two new, spreading problem pests in public green spaces in Germany |language=de |journal=Gesunde Pflanzen |volume=44 |issue=9 |year=1992 |pages=311–315 }}
Subspecies
At least three subspecies of G. coccinea have been named: G. coccinea confluenta, G. coccinea punctata, and G. coccinea sambuci (all Olsen 1918).
File:Graphocephala coccinea mating (cropped).jpg|Mating
File:Candy-striped Leafhopper Insect - Grant Peier.jpg|Overland Park, Kansas, USA
File:Graphocephala coccinea 6.jpg
References
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External links
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Category:Hemiptera of North America