Great Bookcase

William Burges designed the Great Bookcase in 1859.{{sfn|Dakers|1999|p=175}} The bookcase is {{convert|10|ft|m}} high and {{convert|5|ft|m}} wide.{{sfn|Crook|2012|p=328}} It has been described as "the most important example of Victorian painted furniture ever made."{{cite web|url=http://www.ashmolean.org/news/?id=375&s=Burges|title=News & Events}}

The paintings on the bookcase depict pagan and Christian art depicted in "allegories of poetry, architecture, sculpture, painting and music".{{sfn|Dakers|1999|p=175}}{{sfn|Crook|2012|p=328}} Believed to have been constructed by the firm of Thomas Sneddon, it was designed in 1859 and finished in 1862.{{sfn|Crook|2012|p=328}} Christian themes are painted on the left side of the bookcase, and pagan themes on the right, decorated by fourteen Pre-Raphaelite and Victorian artists.{{cite book|title=In Pursuit of Beauty: Americans and the Aesthetic Movement|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=56F8Qv96FzwC&pg=PA145|date=1 January 1986|publisher=Metropolitan Museum of Art|isbn=978-0-87099-468-5|pages=145–}}{{sfn|Crook|2012|p=328}}

The bookcase was included in the 1862 International Exhibition in London, where it was displayed in the Medieval Court. A cabinet designed by Burges and painted by Poynter was also displayed at the exhibition. The Great Bookcase was poorly received by the Building News and Architectural Review at the exhibition.{{cite book|title=Building News and Architectural Review|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G2MoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA100|year=1862|publisher=The Proprietors|pages=100–}}

The bookcase was designed by Burges to hold his collection of art books, and was originally displayed at his rooms in Buckingham Street in London. It was later placed in the library at the house Burges had designed for himself, The Tower House in Holland Park. The architectural writer and collector and Burges connoisseur Charles Handley-Read described the bookcase as "occupying a unique position in the history of Victorian painted furniture."Charles Handley-Read, The Burlington Magazine (1963) p. 504

In 1933, the bookcase was purchased for the Ashmolean Museum by Kenneth Clark, Clark paying £50.{{cite web|url=https://www.ashmolean.org/great-bookcase |title=Great Bookcase|publisher=Ashmolean Museum|access-date=19 September 2023}} After periods on display at the Victoria and Albert Museum and at Knightshayes Court, the bookcase has now been returned to the collection of the museum in Oxford and is on show in its Pre-Raphaelite gallery.{{cite web|url=https://www.ashmolean.org/great-bookcase |title=Great Bookcase|publisher=Ashmolean Museum|access-date=19 September 2023}}{{cite web| url=http://www.artscouncil.org.uk/media/uploads/pdf/EA_submission_case_4_2010_11.ashx.pdf| title=Case 4: (2010-2011) A Zodiac settle designed by William Burges| publisher=Arts Council| access-date=21 May 2013| url-status=dead| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131110130129/http://www.artscouncil.org.uk/media/uploads/pdf/EA_submission_case_4_2010_11.ashx.pdf| archive-date=10 November 2013}}

Fourteen artists were involved in the decoration of the bookcase; Edward Burne-Jones, John Anster Fitzgerald, Henry Holiday, Stacy Marks, Albert Moore, Thomas Morten, Edward Poynter, Dante Gabriel Rossetti, Charles Rossiter, Frederick Smallfield, Simeon Solomon, William Frederick Yeames, Fred Weeks, Nathaniel Westlake, and Burges himself.{{sfn|Crook|2012|p=328}}

The decoration of the front of the bookcase is divided into two sides, featuring pagan and Christian themes, the themes are as follows:

{{clear|left}}

On the sides of the bookcase are depicted Saint Augustine by Solomon, Plato by Rossiter, Saint Cecilia by Morten, Orpheus by Yeames, Sirens by Fitzgerald, and Harpies by Weeks.{{sfn|Crook|2012|p=328}} The base of the bookcase features four metamorphosic figures, in the form of Arachne, the Pierides and Syrinx, all painted by Marks. Decorative bands run horizontally between each section of the bookcase.{{sfn|Crook|2012|p=328}} The bands feature paintings by Poynter of the "Sea, the Earth, and the Air", "Shells and Fishes of the Ocean", "Flowers and Beasts of the Field", the "Birds of the Air", and the "Stars of the Firmament". Two designs on the bands were painted by Burges, of Aesop's fables and the story of Cock Robin.{{sfn|Crook|2012|p=328}}

Above the front panels is a cornice decorated with muses painted by Poynter, and surmounting the cornice are three painted gables.{{sfn|Crook|2012|p=328}} The three gables feature painted depictions of 'Religion' and 'Love' by Westlake, and between them, 'Art' by Burne-Jones.{{sfn|Crook|2012|p=328}}

The interior of the bookcase is also decorated, with birds painted by Marks.{{sfn|Crook|2012|p=328}} After the bookcase fell over in 1878, extra decoration was added inside with the addition of allegories of eight metals by Weeks to replace paintings by Fitzgerald damaged in the fall.{{sfn|Crook|2012|p=328}}

The Great Bookcase, left side view, Ashmolean Museum, Oxford.jpg|Left side view

The Great Bookcase, detail, Ashmolean Museum, Oxford.jpg|Detail

The Great Bookcase, right side view, Ashmolean Museum, Oxford.jpg|Right side view

{{Reflist}}

• {{cite book

|last=Crook|first=J. Mordaunt

|year=2012

|title=William Burges and the High Victorian Dream

|location=London

|publisher=Francis Lincoln

|isbn=978-0-711233-492

}}

• {{cite book

|last=Dakers|first=Caroline

|year=1999

|title=The Holland Park Circle: Artists and Victorian Society

|publisher= Yale University Press

|isbn=978-0-30008-164-0

}}

• {{cite book

| last = Ribeyrol

| first = Charlotte

| year = 2023

| title = William Burges's Great Bookcase & The Victorian Colour Revolution

| url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/1346537487?oclcNum=1346537487

| publisher = Yale University Press

| location = New Haven, US and London

| isbn = 978-0-300-26797-6

}}

{{William Burges|state=expanded}}

{{Edward Burne-Jones}}

{{Dante Gabriel Rossetti}}

Category:1862 in art

Category:Collection of the Ashmolean Museum

Category:William Burges furniture