Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey
{{short description|Astronomical survey that combines observations from 3 great NASA observatories}}
{{Infobox astronomical survey}}
The Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey, or GOODS, is an astronomical survey combining deep observations from three of NASA's Great Observatories: the Hubble Space Telescope, the Spitzer Space Telescope, and the Chandra X-ray Observatory, along with data from other space-based telescopes, such as XMM Newton, and some of the world's most powerful ground-based telescopes.
GOODS is intended to enable astronomers to study the formation and evolution of galaxies in the distant, early universe.
File:Galaxy history revealed by the Hubble Space Telescope (GOODS-ERS2).jpg
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The Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey consists of optical and near-infrared imaging taken with the Advanced Camera for Surveys on the Hubble Space Telescope, the Very Large Telescope and the 4-m telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory; infrared data from the Spitzer Space Telescope. These are added to pre-existing x-ray data from the Chandra X-ray Observatory and ESAs XMM-Newton, two fields of 10' by 16'; one centered on the Hubble Deep Field North (12h 36m 55s, +62° 14m 15s) and the other on the Chandra Deep Field South (3h 32m 30s, −27° 48m 20s).
The two GOODS fields are the most data-rich areas of the sky in terms of depth and wavelength coverage.
Instruments
File:GOODS-South field.jpg's Very Large Telescope]]
GOODS consists of data from the following space-based observatories:
- The Hubble Space Telescope (optical imaging with the Advanced Camera for Surveys)
- The Spitzer Space Telescope (infrared imaging)
- The Chandra X-ray Observatory (X-ray)
- XMM-Newton (an X-ray telescope belonging to the European Space Agency)
- The Herschel Space Observatory (an infrared telescope belonging to the ESA)
Hubble Space Telescope images
GOODs used the Hubble Space Telescope's Advanced Camera for Surveys with four filters, centered at 435, 606, 775 and 850 nm. The resulting map covers 30 times the area of the Hubble Deep Field to a photometric magnitude less sensitivity, and has enough resolution to allow the study of 1 kpc-scale objects at redshifts up to 6. It also provides photometric redshifts for over 60,000 galaxies within the field, providing an excellent sample for studying bright galaxies at high redshifts.{{cite journal
| doi = 10.1086/379232
| last = Giavalisco
| first = M.
| display-authors=etal
| date = 2004
| title = The Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey: Initial Results from Optical and Near-Infrared Imaging
| bibcode = 2004ApJ...600L..93G
| journal = The Astrophysical Journal
| volume = 600
| issue = 2
| pages = 93–98
|arxiv = astro-ph/0309105 | s2cid = 35547782
}}
Herschel
In May 2010, scientists announced that the infrared data from the Herschel Space Observatory was joining the GOODS dataset, after initial analysis of data using Herschel's PACS and SPIRE instruments. In October 2009, Herschel observed the GOODS-North field, and in January 2010 the GOODS-South field. In so doing, Herschel identified sources for the Cosmic Infrared Background.[http://www.spacedaily.com/reports/Herschel_Reveals_Galaxies_In_The_Goods_Fields_In_A_Brand_New_Light_999.html Herschel Reveals Galaxies In The GOODS Fields In A Brand New Light], spacedaily.com, 12 May 2009, accessed 13 May 2009
File:PIA23123-FieldOfGalaxies-Hubble&SpitzerSpaceTelescopes-20190508.jpg |doi=10.1093/mnras/stz940|arxiv=1903.09649 |doi-access=free }}
Field Of Galaxies – Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes
(red circles = very faint, distant galaxies; inset = one example) (8 May 2019)
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