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Greek and Coptic

{{for|a list of all Greek characters encoded in Unicode|Greek script in Unicode}}

{{also|Coptic (Unicode block)|Coptic Epact Numbers|l2=Coptic Epact Numbers (Unicode block)}}

{{Infobox Unicode block

|rangestart = 0370

|rangeend = 03FF

|script1 = {{nowrap|Greek (117 char.)}}

|script2 = {{nowrap|Coptic (14 char.)}}

|script3 = {{nowrap|Common (4 char.)}}

|alphabets = Greek

|sources = ISO 8859-7

|1_0_0 = 112

|1_0_1 = -9

|1_1 = 2

|3_0 = 5

|3_1 = 2

|3_2 = 3

|4_0 = 5

|4_1 = 4

|5_0 = 3

|5_1 = 7

|7_0 = 1

|note =

}}

File:UCB_Greek_and_Coptic.png

Greek and Coptic is the Unicode block for representing modern (monotonic) Greek. It was originally also used for writing Coptic, using the similar Greek letters in addition to the uniquely Coptic additions. Beginning with version 4.1 of the Unicode Standard, a separate Coptic block has been included in Unicode, allowing for mixed Greek/Coptic text that is stylistically contrastive, as is convention in scholarly works. Writing polytonic Greek requires the use of combining characters or the precomposed vowel + tone characters in the Greek Extended character block.

Its block name in Unicode 1.0 was simply Greek, although Coptic letters were already included.{{cite web |url=https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode1.0.0/CodeCharts2.pdf |work=The Unicode Standard |version=version 1.0 |title=3.8: Block-by-Block Charts |publisher=Unicode Consortium}}

Block

Points were reserved for the uppercase forms of ΐ, ΰ and ς. While letter-diacritic combinations such as ΐ and ΰ are no longer accepted by Unicode, a capital ς remains a theoretical possibility. There is in addition room for three additional casing pairs, or for capital forms of letters such as lunate ϵ and ϶.

{{Unicode chart Greek and Coptic}}

History

In Unicode 1.0.1, a number of changes were made to this block in order to make Unicode 1.0.1 a proper subset of ISO 10646.{{cite web|url=https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode1.0.0/Notice.pdf|title=Unicode 1.0.1 Addendum|work=The Unicode Standard|date=1992-11-03|accessdate=2016-07-09}}{{cite web|url=https://www.unicode.org/ucd/|title=Unicode character database|work=The Unicode Standard|accessdate=2023-07-26}}{{cite web|url=https://www.unicode.org/versions/enumeratedversions.html|title=Enumerated Versions of The Unicode Standard|work=The Unicode Standard|accessdate=2023-07-26}}

  • The small stigma, digamma, koppa and sampi were withdrawn for further study. These characters were added back in for Unicode 3.0.0.
  • The non-spacing dasia pneumata, psili pneumata and tonos were merged with non-spacing reversed comma above, comma above and vertical line above in the Combining Diacritical Marks block. The last was replaced by the spacing tonos, while in Unicode 5.1.0 the former two were replaced by the small heta and the capital archaic sampi.
  • The non-spacing iota below and diaeresis tonos were renamed and moved to the Combining Diacritical Marks block. The latter was replaced by the spacing diaeresis tonos, while the former was replaced by the capital heta in Unicode 5.1.0.
  • The Greek question mark, the upper and lower numeral signs and the aforementioned spacing tonos and diaeresis tonos, as well as the spacing iota below were moved to new positions within the block. They were replaced by the kai, or Greek &, (in Unicode 3.0.0), the capital and small archaic koppa (3.2.0), the yot (1.1.0), an alternative capital theta and the lunate epsilon (both 3.1.0) respectively.

The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the Greek and Coptic block:

{{sticky header}}

class="wikitable collapsible sticky-header"
Version{{nobr|Final code points}}CountUTC IDL2 IDWG2 IDDocument
rowspan="6" | 1.0.0rowspan="4" width="180" | U+0374..0375, 037A, 037E, 0384..0386, 0388..038A, 038C, 038E..03A1, 03A3..03CE, 03D0..03D6, 03DA, 03DC, 03DE, 03E0, 03E2..03F0rowspan="4" | 101(to be determined)
{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2006/06386r-verify-ucd.html L2/06-386]}}{{Citation|title=Properties not preserving canonical equivalence|date=2006-11-09|first=Mark|last=Davis|author-link=Mark Davis (Unicode)}}
{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2007/07015.htm L2/07-015]}}{{Citation|title=UTC #110 Minutes|date=2007-02-08|first=Lisa|last=Moore|section=UCD Canonical Check (B.14.9) [U+0374]}}
{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2007/07071-verify-ucd.html L2/07-071]}}{{Citation|title=UCD Canonical Check|date=2007-02-08|first=Mark|last=Davis}}
U+03F11{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1991-UTC/UTC46-draft.txt UTC/1991-048B]}}{{Citation|title=Draft Minutes from the UTC meeting #46 day 2, 3/27 at Apple|date=1991-03-27|first=Ken|last=Whistler|section=Alternate Rho}}
U+03F21{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1991-UTC/UTC46-draft.txt UTC/1991-048B]}}{{Citation|title=Draft Minutes from the UTC meeting #46 day 2, 3/27 at Apple|date=1991-03-27|first=Ken|last=Whistler|section=Lunate Sigma}}
rowspan="4" | 1.1rowspan="4" | U+0387, 03F3rowspan="4" | 2(to be determined)
{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2006/06386r-verify-ucd.html L2/06-386]}}{{Citation|title=Properties not preserving canonical equivalence|date=2006-11-09|first=Mark|last=Davis}}
{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2007/07015.htm L2/07-015]}}{{Citation|title=UTC #110 Minutes|date=2007-02-08|first=Lisa|last=Moore|section=UCD Canonical Check (B.14.9) [U+0387]}}
{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2007/07071-verify-ucd.html L2/07-071]}}{{Citation|title=UCD Canonical Check|date=2007-02-08|first=Mark|last=Davis}}
rowspan="9" | 3.0rowspan="9" | U+03D7, 03DB, 03DD, 03DF, 03E1rowspan="9" | 5{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1998/98210-n1743.pdf L2/98-210]}}[https://web.archive.org/web/20200215052615/http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n1743.pdf N1743]{{Citation|title=Additional Greek characters for the UCS|date=1998-05-25|first=Michael|last=Everson|author-link=Michael Everson}}
{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1998/98281r.pdf L2/98-281R (pdf],}} [https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1998/98281R.htm html]){{Citation|title=Unconfirmed Minutes – UTC #77 & NCITS Subgroup L2 # 174 JOINT MEETING, Redmond, WA -- July 29-31, 1998|date=1998-07-31|first=Joan|last=Aliprand|section=Greek characters (IV.C.2)}}
{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1998/98292r.pdf L2/98-292R (pdf],}} [https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1998/98292.htm html], [https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1998/98292att.pdf Figure 1]){{Citation|title=Comments on proposals to add characters from ISO standards developed by ISO/TC 46/SC 4|date=1998-08-19|section=2.2}}
{{nobr|L2/98-292}}[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1840.doc N1840]{{Citation|title=Comments on proposals to add characters from ISO standards developed by ISO/TC 46/SC 4|date=1998-08-25|section=2.2}}
{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1998/98293.htm L2/98-293]}}[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1885.pdf N1885]{{Citation|title=Comments on proposals to add various characters to ISO/IEC 10646|date=1998-08-25|section=2.3}}
{{nobr|L2/98-301}}[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1847.pdf N1847]{{Citation|title=Responses to NCITS/L2 and Unicode Consortium comments on numerous proposals|date=1998-09-12|first=Michael|last=Everson}}
{{nobr|L2/98-372}}{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1884.pdf N1884R2 (pdf],}} [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1884.doc doc]){{Citation|title=Additional Characters for the UCS|date=1998-09-22|first1=Ken|last1=Whistler|display-authors=etal}}
{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1998/02n3210.pdf L2/98-329]}}[https://web.archive.org/web/20200215052615/http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n1920_02n3210_text_pdam_30_addlatin.pdf N1920]{{Citation|title=Combined PDAM registration and consideration ballot on WD for ISO/IEC 10646-1/Amd. 30, AMENDMENT 30: Additional Latin and other characters|date=1998-10-28}}
{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1999/n1903.rtf L2/99-010]}}{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1903.pdf N1903 (pdf],}} [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1903.htm html], [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1903w97.doc doc]){{Citation|title=Minutes of WG 2 meeting 35, London, U.K.; 1998-09-21--25|date=1998-12-30|first=V. S.|last=Umamaheswaran|section=8.1.5.1}}
rowspan="3" | 3.1rowspan="3" | U+03F4..03F5rowspan="3" | 2{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2000/00119-math.pdf L2/00-119]}}[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2191.pdf N2191R]{{Citation|title=Encoding Additional Mathematical Symbols in Unicode|date=2000-04-19|first1=Ken|last1=Whistler|first2=Asmus|last2=Freytag}}
{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2000/00234-n2203m.pdf L2/00-234]}}{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2203.rtf N2203 (rtf],}} [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2203.txt txt]){{Citation|title=Minutes from the SC2/WG2 meeting in Beijing, 2000-03-21 -- 24|date=2000-07-21|first=V. S.|last=Umamaheswaran|section=8.18}}
{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2000/00115.htm L2/00-115R2]}}{{Citation|title=Minutes Of UTC Meeting #83|date=2000-08-08|first=Lisa|last=Moore|section=Motion 83-M11}}
rowspan="7" | 3.2rowspan="7" | U+03D8..03D9, 03F6rowspan="7" | 3{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1999/n1938.pdf L2/99-018]}}[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1938.pdf N1938]{{Citation|title=On GREEK LETTER KOPPA|date=1998-12-12|first=Michael|last=Everson}}
{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1999/02n32521.pdf L2/99-077.1]}}[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1975.pdf N1975]{{Citation|title=Irish Comments on SC 2 N 3210|date=1999-01-20}}
{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1999/99054r.htm L2/99-054R]}}{{Citation|title=Approved Minutes from the UTC/L2 meeting in Palo Alto, February 3-5, 1999|date=1999-06-21|first=Joan|last=Aliprand|section=Greek Letter Koppa}}
{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2000/00119-math.pdf L2/00-119]}}[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2191.pdf N2191R]{{Citation|title=Encoding Additional Mathematical Symbols in Unicode|date=2000-04-19|first1=Ken|last1=Whistler|first2=Asmus|last2=Freytag}}
{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2000/00234-n2203m.pdf L2/00-234]}}{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2203.rtf N2203 (rtf],}} [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2203.txt txt]){{Citation|title=Minutes from the SC2/WG2 meeting in Beijing, 2000-03-21 -- 24|date=2000-07-21|first=V. S.|last=Umamaheswaran|section=8.18}}
{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2000/00115.htm L2/00-115R2]}}{{Citation|title=Minutes Of UTC Meeting #83|date=2000-08-08|first=Lisa|last=Moore|section=Motion 83-M11}}
{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2001/01050-n2353.pdf L2/01-050]}}[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2253.pdf N2253]{{Citation|title=Minutes of the SC2/WG2 meeting in Athens, September 2000|date=2001-01-21|first=V. S.|last=Umamaheswaran|section=RESOLUTION M39.24}}
rowspan="7" | 4.0rowspan="4" | U+03F7..03F8rowspan="4" | 2{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2001/01007-iran.txt L2/01-007]}}{{Citation|title=Iranianist Meeting Report: Symposium on Encoding Iranian Scripts in Unicode|date=2000-12-21|first=Carl-Martin|last=Bunz|section=Bactrian}}
{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02009-iranian.pdf L2/02-009]}}{{Citation|title=2nd Iranian Meeting Report|date=2001-11-23|first=Carl-Martin|last=Bunz|section=Bactrian}}
{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02056-n2411.pdf L2/02-056]}}[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2411.pdf N2411]{{Citation|title=Proposal to add two Greek letters for Bactrian to the UCS|date=2002-01-30|first=Michael|last=Everson}}
{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/consortium/utc-minutes/UTC-091-200205.html L2/02-166R2]}}{{Citation|title=UTC #91 Minutes|date=2002-08-09|first=Lisa|last=Moore|section=Scripts and New Characters - Bactrian|quote=The UTC accepts two Greek characters for use in Bactrian}}
U+03F91{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02314r-tlg-lunate-sigma.pdf L2/02-314R]}}[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2512.pdf N2512]{{Citation|title=Proposal to add the Greek Capital Lunate Sigma Symbol to the UCS|date=2002-08-21|first=Maria|last=Pantelia}}
rowspan="2" | U+03FA..03FBrowspan="2" | 2{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02313r2-tlg-letter-san.pdf L2/02-313R2]}}[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2522.pdf N2522]{{Citation|title=Proposal to encode the Archaic Greek Letter San and Greek Small Letter San in the UCS|date=2002-11-07|first=Maria|last=Pantelia}}
{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04034-san.pdf L2/04-034]}}{{Citation|title=Request to Change Greek Collation Order for SAN|date=2004-01-23|first1=Jeremy|last1=March|first2=Peter|last2=Kirk|first3=Patrick|last3=Rourke|first4=Deborah|last4=Anderson}}
rowspan="9" | 4.1rowspan="2" | U+03FCrowspan="2" | 1{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2003/03157-tlg-more-beta-char.pdf L2/03-157]}}{{Citation|title=Additional Beta Code Characters not in Unicode (WIP)|date=2003-05-19|first=Maria|last=Pantelia}}
{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2003/03188r-rho-abbrev.pdf L2/03-188R]}}{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2612-5.pdf N2612-5]}}{{Citation|title=Proposal to encode the Greek Rho with Stroke Symbol in the UCS|date=2003-06-11|first=Maria|last=Pantelia}}
rowspan="7" | U+03FD..03FFrowspan="7" | 3{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02031-misc.pdf L2/02-031]}}{{Citation|title=TLG Miscellanea Proposal|date=2002-01-21|first=Deborah|last=Anderson}}
{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02033-tlg-backgnd.pdf L2/02-033]}}{{Citation|title=TLG Unicode Proposal (draft)|date=2002-01-21|first=Deborah|last=Anderson}}
{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02053-tlg.pdf L2/02-053]}}{{Citation|title=Description of TLG Documents|date=2002-02-04|first=Deborah|last=Anderson}}
{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02273r-tlg-greek.pdf L2/02-273]}}{{Citation|title=TLG Unicode Proposal|date=2002-07-31|first=Maria|last=Pantelia}}
{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02287-tlg-cover.pdf L2/02-287]}}{{Citation|title=Proposal Summary Form accompanying TLG Unicode Proposal (L2/02-273)|date=2002-08-09|first=Maria|last=Pantelia}}
{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02312r-tlg-editorial.pdf L2/02-312R]}}{{Citation|title=Proposal to encode additional Greek editorial and punctuation characters in the UCS|date=2002-11-07|first=Maria|last=Pantelia}}
{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2003/03324-tlg-editorialbrief.pdf L2/03-324]}}[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2642.pdf N2642]{{Citation|title=Proposal to encode additional Greek editorial and punctuation characters in the UCS|date=2003-10-06|first=Maria|last=Pantelia}}
rowspan="4" | 5.0rowspan="4" | U+037B..037Drowspan="4" | 3{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2005/05076-casefoldstability.html L2/05-076]}}{{Citation|title=Stability of Case Folding|date=2005-02-10|first=Mark|last=Davis}}
[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2942.doc N2942]{{Citation|title=Proposal to add nine lowercase characters|date=2005-08-12|first1=Asmus|last1=Freytag|first2=Ken|last2=Whistler}}
{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2005/05108.htm L2/05-108R]}}{{Citation|title=UTC #103 Minutes|date=2005-08-26|first=Lisa|last=Moore|section=Stability of Case Folding (B.14.2)}}
{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2953.pdf N2953 (pdf],}} [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2953.doc doc]){{Citation|title=Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 47, Sophia Antipolis, France; 2005-09-12/15|date=2006-02-16|first=V. S.|last=Umamaheswaran|section=M47.5c, M47.5d, M47.5e}}
rowspan="12" | 5.1rowspan="9" | U+0370..0373, 0376..0377rowspan="9" | 6{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04388-heta.pdf L2/04-388]}}{{Citation|title=Proposal to add Greek Letter Lowercase Heta and Greek Letter Capital Heta to the UCS|date=2004-11-10|first=Nick|last=Nicholas}}
{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2004/04389-epigraphical.pdf L2/04-389]}}{{Citation|title=Epigraphical Greek Letters: Request for preliminary opinion|date=2004-11-10|first=Nick|last=Nicholas}}
{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2005/05002r-heta.pdf L2/05-002]}}{{Citation|title=Proposal to add Greek Letter Lowercase Heta and Greek Letter Capital Heta (Updated fonts 2005-04-28)|date=2005-01-01|first=Nick|last=Nicholas}}
{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2005/05003r-epigraphical.pdf L2/05-003R]}}[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2946.pdf N2946]{{Citation|title=Proposal to add Greek epigraphical letters|date=2005-01-01|first=Nick|last=Nicholas}}
{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2005/05054-tack-heta.pdf L2/05-054]}}{{Citation|title=Feedback on Proposals for Tack Hetas and Greek Epigraphical Letters (L2/05-002, L2/05-003)|date=2005-01-31|first=Deborah|last=Anderson}}
{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2005/05098-greek-exec.pdf L2/05-098]}}{{Citation|title=Proposal to add Greek epigraphical characters to the UCS|date=2005-04-03|first=Nick|last=Nicholas}}
{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2005/05108.htm L2/05-108R]}}{{Citation|title=UTC #103 Minutes|date=2005-08-26|first=Lisa|last=Moore|section=Greek Epigraphical Letters (C.10)}}
{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2953.pdf N2953 (pdf],}} [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2953.doc doc]){{Citation|title=Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 47, Sophia Antipolis, France; 2005-09-12/15|date=2006-02-16|first=V. S.|last=Umamaheswaran|section=7.4.3}}
{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n3153.pdf N3153 (pdf],}} [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n3153.doc doc]){{Citation|title=Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 49 AIST, Akihabara, Tokyo, Japan; 2006-09-25/29|date=2007-02-16|first=V. S.|last=Umamaheswaran|section=M49.1c [U+0373]}}
rowspan="3" | U+03CFrowspan="3" | 1{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2006/06266-n3122-insular.pdf L2/06-266]}}[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n3122.pdf N3122]{{Citation|title=Proposal to add Latin letters and a Greek symbol to the UCS|date=2006-08-06|first=Michael|last=Everson}}
{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2006/06231.htm L2/06-231]}}{{Citation|title=UTC #108 Minutes|date=2006-08-17|first=Lisa|last=Moore|section=C.16}}
{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n3153.pdf N3153 (pdf],}} [https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n3153.doc doc]){{Citation|title=Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 49 AIST, Akihabara, Tokyo, Japan; 2006-09-25/29|date=2007-02-16|first=V. S.|last=Umamaheswaran|section=M49.3}}
rowspan="3" | 7.0rowspan="3" | U+037Frowspan="3" | 1{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2010/10474-greek-captial-yot.pdf L2/10-474]}}[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n3997.pdf N3997]{{Citation|title=Proposal to encode GREEK CAPITAL LETTER YOT|date=2010-12-12|first=Michael|last=Bobeck}}
{{nobr|[https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2011/11016.htm L2/11-016]}}{{Citation|title=UTC #126 / L2 #223 Minutes|date=2011-02-15|first=Lisa|last=Moore|section=C.9}}
[https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n4103.pdf N4103]{{Citation|title=Unconfirmed minutes of WG 2 meeting 58|date=2012-01-03|section=11.2.8 Greek Capital Letter YOT}}
class="sortbottom"

| colspan="7" | {{reflist|group=lower-alpha|refs=

Proposed code points and characters names may differ from final code points and names

Refer to the history section of the Miscellaneous Mathematical Symbols-B block for additional math-related documents

See also [https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02031-misc.pdf L2/02-031], [https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02053-tlg.pdf L2/02-053], [https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02273r-tlg-greek.pdf L2/02-273], and [https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02287-tlg-cover.pdf L2/02-287]}}

See also

References

{{reflist}}

Category:Coptic language

Category:Greek language

Category:Unicode blocks