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Greek dances

{{short description|Dances traditionally performed in Greece}}

{{more citations needed|date=October 2018}}

{{Music of Greece}}

Greek dance (choros; {{langx|el|χορός|chorós}}) is an old tradition, being referred to by authors such as Plato, Aristotle, Plutarch and Lucian.Raftis, Alkis, The World of Greek Dance Finedawn, Athens (1987) p25. There are different styles and interpretations from all of the islands and surrounding mainland areas. Each region formed its own choreography and style to fit in with their own ways. For example, island dances have more of a different smooth flow to them, while Pontic dancing closer to the Black Sea, is very sharp. There are over 10,000 traditional dances that come from all regions of Greece. There are also pan-Hellenic dances, which have been adopted throughout the Greek world. These include specifically the Syrtos, Kalamatianos, Pyrrhichios, Ballos, Zeibekiko, and hasapiko.

Traditional Greek dancing has a primarily social function. It brings the community together at key points of the year, such as Easter, the grape harvest or patronal festivals; and at key points in the lives of individuals and families, such as weddings. For this reason, tradition frequently dictates a strict order in the arrangement of the dancers, for example, by age.Raftis, Alkis, The World of Greek Dance Finedawn, Athens(1987) p117. GOYA, a spiritual ministry, is meant to give young people an opportunity to celebrate their shared culture and region while building bonds within the community.{{Cite web |title=First Ever Big Apple GOYA Dance Lights Up New York City - Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America - Orthodox Church |url=https://www.goarch.org/-/first-ever-big-apple-goya-dance-lights-up-new-york-city#:~:text=The%20Big%20Apple%20GOYA%20Dance,,%20culture,%20and%20community%20spirit. |access-date=2024-12-10 |website=Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America |language=en-US}} The various types of dances performed while being involved in this program have demonstrated that it is an effective exercise for strengthening young children’s static and dynamic balance.{{Cite web |last=Kapodistria |first=Loukia |last2=Chatzopoulos |first2=Dimitris |date=September 2022 |title=A Greek traditional dance program for improving balance of young children. |url=https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14647893.2021.1980525 |access-date=2024-12-09 |website=tandfonline.com}}

Greek dances are performed also in diaspora Greek communities among international folk dance groups.

Ancient Greek dances

File:Olpe Pan maenad BM F381.jpg and a Maenad dancing. Ancient Greek red-figured olpe from Apulia, ca. 320–310 BCE. Pan's right hand fingers are in a snapping position.]]

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In Ancient Greece, dance was a form of ritual, as well as a pastime.Fitton, J.W. “Greek Dance”. The Classical Quarterly, vol. 23, no. 2, 1973, pp. 254. Dance could be included in hunting communities, initiation ceremony rituals of age, marriage, and death, entertainment, dance festivals, and religious activity.Fitton, J.W. “Greek Dance”. The Classical Quarterly, vol. 23, no. 2, 1973, pp. 254-255. It was also viewed as a way to educate children about social norms and morals, and was viewed as being essential for physical and emotional development.Lawler, Lillian Brady. “The Dance in Ancient Greece”. The Classical Journal, vol. 42, no. 6, 1947, pp. 344-346. Dance was used in regard to war as a form of military training, as well as a ritual that served as a mediator between the gods and humans.Lawler, Lillian Brady. “The Dance in Ancient Greece”. The Classical Journal, vol. 42, no. 6, 1947, pp. 344.Vesterinen, Manna. “Communicative Aspects of Ancient Greek Dance”. ARCTOS, vol. 31, 1998, pp. 181. What modern times may consider a parade, military drill, funeral, children’s game, these were seen as forms of dance as long as they were meant to be an exhibition of a rhythmic performance.Lawler, Lillian Brady. “The Dance in Ancient Greece”. The Classical Journal, vol. 42, no. 6, 1947, pp. 345-346. Suda mention an ancient Greek dance which was called Dipodia (Διποδία), meaning two-step/two-footer.

[https://www.cs.uky.edu/~raphael/sol/sol-entries/delta/1263 Suda, delta, 1263]

File:Women in circular dance, terracotta, 6th c BC, AM Corinth, 202907.jpg|6th century B.C. Women dancing in a circle.

File:Red-figure phiale woman dancing with crotoa (Boston MFA 97.371), sharpened.jpg|5th century B.C. Woman dancing with crotala

File:At the British Museum 2024 362.jpg|450 B.C. Woman dancing with crotala

File:Greek Red-figure Ceramic Calyx Crater Girl in dance class; Berlin Dancers painter, 440-430 BC (28454178810).jpg|440-430 B.C. Girl in dance class.

File:British Museum Room 20a Phiale Painter Girls dancing 19022019 6748.jpg|430 B.C. Girls dancing, with an instructress and a youth.

File:Attic black-figure vase with man playing aulos and several dancing men photo by bensutherland flickr cca2.0 3383425843 4854e66a87 o.jpg|Men dancing

File:Black figure skyphos, AM of Thebes, 201200.jpg|500-490 B.C. Female reedpipe-player (auletria) and female dancer

File:Komos Painted Nose Louvre E841.jpg|550-540 B.C. Men dancing.

File:Exotic dancer, calyx krater, by the Nikias Painter, Attic Greek, c. 400 BC, red-figure terracotta - Sackler Museum - Harvard University - DSC01780.jpg|400 B.C. Exotic dance.

Modern and regional dances

=[[Aegean Islands]]=

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The Aegean islands have dances which are fast in pace and light and jumpy. Many of these dances, however, are couples dances, and not so much in lines. See Nisiotika for more information.

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=[[Crete]]=

File:Sfakia-dance.jpg dancers]]

These dances are light and jumpy, and extremely cardiovascular.

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=[[Central Greece (geographic region)|Central Greece]]=

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=[[Epirus (region)|Epirus]]=

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Epirote dances are the most slow and heavy in all of Greece. Great balance is required in order to perform these dances.

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=[[Peloponnese]]=

The dances of the Peloponnese are very simple and heavy, with the leader of the line improvising.

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=[[Ionian Islands]]=

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=[[Macedonia (Greece)|Macedonia]]=

Dances in Macedonia vary. Most are solid and are performed using heavy steps, whilst others are fast and agile. Most dances begin slow and increase in speed.

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Western Macedonia

Eastern Macedonia

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=[[Thessaly]]=

Dances in Thessaly are similar in style to the dances of Epirus. Mostly with slow, heavy movements. However, there are some dances that are also faster paced. The leader can improvise in these dances similarly to those dances from the Epirus, Central Greece and Peloponnese.

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=[[Arvanites]]=

=[[Thrace]]=

Thracian dance is generally skippy and light. In most Thracian dances, the men are only permitted to dance at the front of the line. Musicians and singers such as Chronis Aidonidis and Kariofilis Doitsidis have brought to life the music of Thrace.

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=[[Northern Thrace]] / [[Eastern Thrace]]=

The dances of (Northern Thrace) are fast, upbeat and similar to the Thracian style of dance. Dances from the town of Kavakli and Neo Monastiri are the most popular.

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=Pontus=

{{Main|Pontic Greek folk dance}}

The dances of the Pontic Greeks from the Black Sea were mostly performed by the Pontic soldiers in order to motivate themselves before going into a battle. The dances are accompanied by the Pontian lyra, also called kemenche by Turkish people.

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=[[Asia Minor]]=

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Erythrae

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Cappadocia

The Cappadocian dances were mainly sung in the Cappadocian dialect of Cappadocian Greeks or the Karamanlides. Dances varied from social dances to ritualistic dances.

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Sinasos

The Dances & Songs of Sinasos Mustafapasa.

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=[[Constantinople]]=

=[[Griko people|Griko]] ([[Southern Italy]])=

=[[Cyprus]]=

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Men's Dances

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Women's Dances

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=[[Aromanians]]=

=[[Sarakatsani]]=

Greek dancing in the United States

Within the United States, Greek Americans participate in Greek dancing in order to preserve their heritage and culture. Greeks of all ages can be seen showcasing their skills at Greek Festivals which take place year round, often hosted by Greek Orthodox churches, or at various competitions in which groups practice dances from specific parts of Greece in order to perform in front of judges.

= Greek Orthodox Folk Dance and Choral Festival (FDF) =

Since 1976, the Greek Orthodox Metropolis of San Francisco has held a convention that allows Greek Dance groups from various churches in the Pacific Region of the United States to compete. Up to 3,000 people participate annually and it is described as the largest youth ministry program in the Metropolis of San Francisco.{{Cite web|url=https://www.yourfdf.org/event/fdf-2020/|title=FDF 2020|website=Your FDF|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-19}} Within the competition, there are four divisions, two of which are judged and two of which are exhibition suites. Division I and Division II are judged by a table of judges who have done years of research in Greece and instructed others on the styling and other important elements of Greek dancing. Each competing team will be placed into a division and group based on the average age of the team.{{Cite web|url=https://www.yourfdf.org/fdf-categories/|title=FDF Categories|last=McGuire|first=Tim|website=Your FDF|language=en-US|access-date=2020-02-19}} Each team performs two times and perfected suites that can be from many places in Greece (islands, mainland, villages) and feature many different dances. The judges will score the teams based on their costumes, singing, stage presence, styling, and how closely it resembles the region that their suite is from.

See also

References

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External links

  • [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=chF4fGwW8wU Video Medley of dances from northern Greek as danced in Turkey (including Gaida, Sirto, Karaguna, Tsamiko, Vlaha, Zeibek)]. Recording by Thede Kahl in 2016 in Incirliova: Xurévume ruméika stu jufír – Dancing on the Greek Bridge of İkizdere; performers: Sarıkaya family; camera: Thede Kahl; interview: Thede Kahl, Andreea Pascaru; retrieved from the [https://www.oeaw.ac.at/vlach/collections/greek-varieties Austrian Academy of Sciences]
  • [http://paroutsas.jmc.gr/dances/index.htm In Greek - Traditional Dance by region]
  • [http://www.dancearchive.gr Greek Dance Archives]

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Dances

Category:Music of Greece