Greenstream pipeline

{{Infobox pipeline

| name = Greenstream

| type = natural gas

| photo =

| caption =

| map = Gas pipelines across Mediterranee and Sahara map-en.svg

| map_caption = Location of Greenstream (in green)

| country = Libya, Italy

| coordinates =

| operator = Agip Gas BV

| partners = Eni, National Oil Corporation

| length_km = 520

| discharge = 11 billion cubic meters per year

| direction = south-north

| start = Wafa, Libya

| finish = Gela, Italy

| est = 2004

| through = Mediterranean Sea

| par =

}}

The Greenstream pipeline, part of the Western Libyan Gas Project, is a natural gas submarine pipeline running from western Libya to the island of Sicily in Italy.

History

The idea of natural gas from Libya to Italy originating from the 1970s. Feasibility studies were carried out in the 1980s and 1990s. Construction of the pipeline started in 2003. The pipeline's main contractor was Saipem, that used for pipeline laying the Castoro Sei and Crawler vessels. The shore approach and landfall works were done by Boskalis Offshore.{{cite web

| url= http://www.boskalis.com/uploads/media/Lybian_Gas_transmission_system_01.pdf

| title= LibyanGas TransmissionSystem

| publisher= Royal Boskalis Westminster

| accessdate= 2011-09-07

| journal=

| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20141024105343/http://www.boskalis.com/uploads/media/Lybian_Gas_transmission_system_01.pdf

| archive-date= 2014-10-24

| url-status= dead

}}

The supplies started on 1 October 2004 and the pipeline was inaugurated on 7 October 2004 by Silvio Berlusconi and Muammar Gaddafi.{{cite news

| url= http://www.gasandoil.com/GOC/news/nte44584.htm

| title= Libya-Italy Pipeline Gas Sold Out

| publisher= Alexander's Gas & Oil Connections

| date= 2004-10-08

| accessdate= 2009-07-29

| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101215214622/http://www.gasandoil.com/GOC/news/nte44584.htm

| archive-date= 2010-12-15

| url-status= dead

}}

{{cite news

| url= http://www.entrepreneur.com/tradejournals/article/134094667.html

| title= New gas pipeline linking Libya to Italy opened

| publisher= Entrepreneur Media

| date=2005-07-18

| accessdate=2009-07-29

}}

Technical features

The Greenstream pipeline is {{convert|540|km|mi}} long and it runs from Mellitah in Libya to Gela, in Sicily, Italy. It is located in water depths exceeding {{convert|1100|m}}.{{cite web |url=http://www.ppsa-online.com/case-studies/GreenStream.pdf |title=Case Study: Greenstream pipeline project |publisher=Pigging Products and Services Association |accessdate=20 July 2015}} It includes also the Mellitah compressor station and the Gela reception terminal. The pipeline is supplied from the Bahr Essalam offshore field, Bouri Field and Wafa field near Algerian border, {{convert|530|km|mi}} from Mellitah. The construction cost US$6.6 billion. The pipeline has a diameter of {{convert|32|in|mm|-1}} and an initial capacity of 8 billion cubic meters (bcm) of natural gas per year. Later the capacity was increased to 11 bcm.

{{cite news

| url= http://www.oilvoice.com/n/Eni_and_NOC_Establish_the_Foundations_For_Future_Joint_Oil_Gas_Development_in_Libya/H9vHYBzz.aspx

| title= Eni and NOC Establish the Foundations For Future Joint Oil & Gas Development in Libya

| publisher= Oilvoice

| date=2007-10-17

| accessdate=2009-07-29

}}[https://www.greenstreambv.com/en/greenstream-pipeline.html]

Ownership

The pipeline is constructed and owned by Agip Gas BV, a joint venture of the Italian energy company Eni and the National Oil Corporation (NOC) of Libya.