Gregory Stanton#Genocide Watch

Stanton comes from the lineage of women's suffrage activist Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and Henry Brewster Stanton, a notable Abolitionist. He worked as a voting rights worker in Mississippi, a Peace Corps Volunteer in the Ivory Coast, and as Church World Service/CARE Field Director in Cambodia in 1980.{{cite web|url=http://www.umw.edu/cas/history/james_farmer_professorship/james_farmer_professor/default.php |title=Biography, University of Mary Washington |access-date=2009-10-13 |url-status=bot: unknown |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110503190139/http://www.umw.edu/cas/history/james_farmer_professorship/james_farmer_professor/default.php |archive-date=3 May 2011 |df=dmy-all }}{{cite web|url=http://www.genocidewatch.com/the-call |title=The Call |publisher=Genocide Watch |access-date=2019-03-24}}

Stanton was the research professor in Genocide Studies and Prevention at the School for Conflict Analysis and Resolution, George Mason University, Arlington, Virginia, until his retirement in 2019.[http://scar.gmu.edu/gregory-stanton Biography] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202091853/http://scar.gmu.edu/gregory-stanton |date=2 February 2014 }} at George Mason University website. From 2003 to 2009 he was the James Farmer Professor in Human Rights at the University of Mary Washington in Fredericksburg, Virginia.{{cite web|title=Stanton Leaves After Six Years As Professor of Human Rights|url=http://umwbullet.com/2009/04/09/stanton-leaves-after-six-years-as-professor-of-human-rights/|publisher=University of Mary Washington|access-date=24 February 2012|date=9 April 2009|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130205110315/http://umwbullet.com/2009/04/09/stanton-leaves-after-six-years-as-professor-of-human-rights/|archive-date=5 February 2013|url-status=dead}} He has been a Law Professor at Washington and Lee University, American University, and the University of Swaziland. He has degrees from Oberlin College, Harvard Divinity School, Yale Law School, and a Doctorate in Cultural Anthropology from the University of Chicago. He was a fellow at the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars (2001–2002).

Stanton was a law professor at Washington and Lee University from 1985 to 1991, was a Fulbright Professor at the University of Swaziland, and was a professor of Justice, Law, and Society at the American University. From 2003 to 2009, he was the James Farmer Professor in Human Rights at the University of Mary Washington in Fredericksburg, Virginia.

Stanton founded the Cambodian Genocide Project at Yale in 1981 and since then has been a driving force to bring the Khmer Rouge to justice.

Stanton was the Chair of the American Bar Association Young Lawyer's Division Committee on Human Rights and a member of the A.B.A.'s Standing Committee on World Order Under Law. Stanton was a legal advisor to Rukh, the Ukrainian independence movement (1988–1992), work for which he was named the Ukrainian Congress Committee of America's 1992 Man of the Year.

Stanton served in the State Department (1992–1999). At the State Department he drafted the United Nations Security Council resolutions that created the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, the Burundi Commission of Inquiry, and the Central African Arms Flow Commission. He also drafted the U.N. Peacekeeping Operations resolutions that helped bring about an end to the Mozambican civil war. In 1994, Stanton won the American Foreign Service Association's W. Averell Harriman Award{{cite web|url=http://www.afsa.org/previous-recipients |title=Previous Recipients |publisher=Afsa.org |access-date=2019-03-24}} for "extraordinary contributions to the practice of diplomacy exemplifying intellectual courage," based on his dissent from U.S. policy on the Rwandan genocide.{{Cite news|last=Beaubien|first=Jason|date=December 20, 2018|title=Is Genocide Predictable? Researchers Say Absolutely|url=https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2018/12/20/675582639/is-genocide-predictable-researchers-say-absolutely|access-date=2020-10-09|website=NPR|language=en}}

Stanton wrote the State Department options paper on ways to bring the Khmer Rouge to justice in Cambodia. Stanton was deeply involved in the U.N.-Cambodian government negotiations that brought about the creation of the Khmer Rouge Tribunal, for which he drafted internal rules of procedure.

Stanton is best known for his authorship of The Ten Stages of Genocide, a model of the genocidal process that the US State Department and UN have used in predicting and taking steps to prevent genocide. His Ten Stage model is used in courses on genocide in schools and colleges around the world.

In 1999 Stanton founded Genocide Watch.{{cite web|url=http://www.genocidewatch.com/copy-of-about-the-president |title=Gregory Stanton |publisher=Genocide Watch |access-date=2019-03-24}} From 1999 to 2000, he also served as co-chair of the Washington Working Group for the International Criminal Court.

In 2004, Stanton published a proposal to establish an Office for Genocide Prevention at the UN.{{Cite web |url=http://genocidewatch.org/createungenocidectr.html |title=Genocide Watch |access-date=30 January 2019 |archive-date=31 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190131040238/http://genocidewatch.org/createungenocidectr.html |url-status=dead }} With other members of the International Campaign to End Genocide, he met with UN officials to lobby for the proposal. In 2004 in Stockholm, Secretary General Kofi Annan announced the creation of the Office of the UN Special Advisor for the Prevention of Genocide.{{cite web|author=United Nations |url=http://www.un.org/en/genocideprevention/ |title=United Nations Office on Genocide Prevention and the Responsibility to Protect |publisher=Un.org |access-date=2019-03-24}}

In 2007, Stanton was elected President of the International Association of Genocide Scholars, to serve until 2009.{{cite web |url=http://www.genocidescholars.org/about-us/past-boards |title=Past Boards | International Association of Genocide Scholars |publisher=Genocidescholars.org |date=1948-12-09 |access-date=2019-03-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170901013643/http://www.genocidescholars.org/about-us/past-boards |archive-date=1 September 2017 |url-status=dead }} He served as First Vice President of the Association from 2005 to 2007. In 2013, the organization gave Stanton its Distinguished Service Award and made him a Life Member.{{cite web |url=http://www.genocidescholars.org/member-portal/iags-award-winners |title=IAGS Award Winners | International Association of Genocide Scholars |publisher=Genocidescholars.org |date=1948-12-09 |access-date=2019-03-24 |archive-date=31 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190131040731/http://www.genocidescholars.org/member-portal/iags-award-winners |url-status=dead }}

In 1989, after leading a genocide prevention training program for officials from Rwanda and surrounding countries, Stanton met with President Juvénal Habyarimana to ask him to remove ethnic identities from the Rwandan national identification cards because the ID cards could be used to identify people to be killed in a genocide. He advised President Habyarimana that if action were not taken to prevent it, Rwanda would have a genocide within five years.{{cite book |last1=Melvern |first1=Linda |title=Conspiracy to Murder - The Rwandan Genocide |date=2004 |publisher=Verso |location=London, New York |isbn=1-85984-588-6 |page=61}}

In 2010, Stanton demanded that Robert Mugabe be prosecuted for the crime of genocide. He proposed a "Mixed UN-Zimbabwean Criminal Tribunal" inspired by the Khmer Rouge Tribunal, adding, "Mugabe's reign of terror must end."{{Cite web|title=Kubatana - Archive - Prosecute Zimbabwe's Robert Mugabe for genocide - Genocide Watch - Sept 16, 2010|url=http://archive.kubatana.net/html/archive/hr/100916gwatch.asp?sector=hr&year=2010&range_start=211|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211209043559/http://archive.kubatana.net/html/archive/hr/100916gwatch.asp?sector=hr&year=2010&range_start=211|url-status=dead|archive-date=9 December 2021|access-date=2021-06-16|website=archive.kubatana.net}}

In 2012, Stanton called for the United States to release "all diplomatic and intelligence cables relating to the Gukurahundi massacres" of Zimbabwe and to explain the U.S. decision "to remain silent", in order to "clear its conscience".{{Cite news|last=Hill|first=Geoff|author-link=Geoff Hill (South African journalist)|date=September 23, 2019|title=U.S. told to come clean about knowledge of 1980s Mugabe massacres in Zimbabwe|language=en-US|work=The Washington Times|url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2019/sep/23/robert-mugabe-massacres-zimbabwe-haunt-us/|access-date=2020-10-10}}

Stanton has accused Iran – particularly Mahmoud Ahmadinejad – of incitement to genocide, explaining that the constant calls by the Iranian regime to destroy Israel directly advocate genocide.{{Cite web|last=Ginsburg|first=Mitch|title=Genocides, unlike hurricanes, are predictable, says world expert. And Iran is following the pattern|url=http://www.timesofisrael.com/genocides-unlike-hurricanes-are-predictable-says-world-expert-and-iran-is-following-the-pattern/|access-date=2021-06-15|website=www.timesofisrael.com|language=en-US}}{{Cite web | url=https://d0dbb2cb-698c-4513-aa47-eba3a335e06f.filesusr.com/ugd/e5b74f_997040adea5447898ba27694eb7b1f93.pdf | title=Taking Iran's Incitement to Genocide Seriously | website=filesusr.com}} Stanton referenced speeches by Ahmadinejad calling for the destruction of Israel and advocating that Israeli Jews should be transferred to Germany and Austria. He described the proposal as incitement to genocide and advocacy of forced population transfer.{{Cite web | url=https://d0dbb2cb-698c-4513-aa47-eba3a335e06f.filesusr.com/ugd/e5b74f_9fe4e0ba4a024fe59f7adb5f82d804b5.pdf | title=Sticks and Stones May Break Your Bones, But Hateful Words Can Kill You | website=filesusr.com}} Stanton wrote:

Iran is the only country since Nazi Germany that has openly expressed its genocidal intent to wipe another nation off the map while pursuing a program to develop nuclear weapons. Few believed that Hitler was serious about his genocidal intentions until Nazis carried out the Holocaust. The Iranian President denies that the Holocaust even happened.

Stanton has condemned Iran's nuclear program, adding that NATO should protect Israel to safeguard the country from a possible nuclear missile strike.

In an article for the Mail and Guardian, Stanton acknowledged the Isaaq genocide that occurred in the Democratic Republic of Somalia under Siad Barre. He advocated for the recognition of Somaliland as a separate state from Somalia, arguing it could "help stave off conflict in a region that has suffered terribly."{{Cite web|url=https://mg.co.za/article/2016-01-28-we-cant-ignore-the-worrying-signs-of-genocide-in-africa/|title = We can't ignore the worrying signs of genocide in Africa|date = 28 January 2016}}

In 1999 Stanton founded Genocide Watch, a non-governmental organization campaigning against genocide based in Washington, D.C.{{Citation|last=Çakmak|first=Cenap|title=Genocide Watch|date=2007|url=http://sk.sagepub.com/reference/activism/n351.xml|encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Activism and Social Justice|place=Thousand Oaks, California |publisher=SAGE Publications, Inc.|doi=10.4135/9781412956215.n351|isbn=978-1-4129-1812-1|access-date=2020-10-09|url-access=subscription}}{{Cite book|last=Totten|first=Samuel|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1013927872|title=Genocide at the millennium|others=Totten, Samuel,, Sherman, Marc I.|year=2017|isbn=978-1-351-51784-3|location=Abingdon, Oxon|chapter=4. The role of Nongovernmental Organizations in Addressing the Prevention, Intervention, and Punishment of Genocide in the 1980s, 1990s, and Early 2000s|oclc=1013927872}} Genocide Watch is the chair and coordinator of the Alliance Against Genocide, which includes 125 organizations in 31 countries, including the Minority Rights Group, the International Crisis Group, the Aegis Trust, and Survival International.{{Cite web|title=ALLIANCE MEMBERS|url=https://www.against-genocide.org/alliance-members|access-date=2020-10-09|website=against-genocide.org|language=en}} Its board of advisers includes former commander of United Nations peacekeeping forces in Rwanda Roméo Dallaire, former Nuremberg Prosecutor Benjamin Ferencz, former US Ambassador to the United Nations and former Administrator of the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) Samantha Power,{{Cite web |date=2023-01-12 |title=Samantha Power |url=https://www.usaid.gov/organization/samantha-power |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221214151351/https://www.usaid.gov/organization/samantha-power |url-status=dead |archive-date=14 December 2022 |access-date=2023-01-21 |website=U.S. Agency for International Development |language=en}}{{Cite web|date=February 5, 2019|title=Professor John Packer named to Genocide Watch Board of Advisors|url=https://commonlaw.uottawa.ca/en/news/professor-john-packer-named-genocide-watch-board-advisors|access-date=2020-10-10|website=Faculty of Law - Common Law Section|language=en}} and former UN Special Advisers for the Prevention of Genocide Adama Dieng and Alice Nderitu.

In 2010, Genocide Watch was the first{{Cite news|date=2016-04-07|title=Guku team turns focus on Horn of Africa|language=en-US|work=The Zimbabwean|url=https://www.thezimbabwean.co/2016/04/guku-team-turns-focus-on-horn-of-africa/|access-date=2020-10-10}} organization to assert that the 1980s Gukurahundi massacres in Zimbabwe met the definition of genocide, calling for the prosecution of Zimbabwean leaders including president Robert Mugabe.{{Cite news|date=2010-09-18|title=Gukurahundi noose tightens on Mugabe|language=en-US|work=The Zimbabwean|url=https://www.thezimbabwean.co/2010/09/gukurahundi-noose-tightens-on-mugabe/|access-date=2020-10-10}}{{Cite web|date=January 30, 2012|title=Gukurahundi perpetrators face prosecution|url=https://www.newsday.co.zw/2012/01/2012-01-30-gukurahundi-perpetrators-face-prosecution/|access-date=2020-10-10|website=NewsDay|language=en-US}}{{Cite news|date=February 28, 2019|title=Probe into Gukurahundi era begins|language=en-GB|website=Daily News|url=https://dailynews.co.zw/articles-2019-02-28-probe-into-gukurahundi-era-begins/|access-date=2020-10-10}}{{Dead link|date=March 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Genocide Watch has also indicated numerous times that the Armenians are at risk of genocide due to Azerbaijan's "unprovoked attack" on Armenia in 2022 and its blockade and offensive of Artsakh (2022–2023).{{Cite web |last=Watch |first=Genocide |date=2023-09-21 |title=Genocide Alert:Artsakh surrenders to Azerbaijan |url=https://www.genocidewatch.com/single-post/genocide-alert-azerbaijan-attacks-artsakh |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=genocidewatch |language=en |quote=The silent genocide has become overt...Genocide Watch considers Azerbaijan to be at Stage 4: Dehumanization, Stage 5: Organization, Stage 7: Preparation, Stage 8: Persecution, and Stage 9: Extermination.}}{{Cite web |last=Hill |first=Nat |date=2022-09-23 |title=Genocide Warning: Azerbaijan and Nagorno-Karabakh |url=https://www.genocidewatch.com/single-post/genocide-warning-azerbaijan-and-nagorno-karabakh-september-2022 |access-date=2024-01-22 |website=genocidewatch |language=en |quote=Genocide Watch is issuing a Genocide Warning due to Azerbaijan’s unprovoked military attacks on Armenia and on the unrecognized Armenian Republic of Artsakh.}}

Stanton has formed alliances with dozens of human rights leaders, such as Baroness Kennedy and Ewelina Ochab from the Coalition for Genocide Response.{{Cite web|title=StackPath|url=https://www.indcatholicnews.com/news/38260|access-date=2021-01-31|website=www.indcatholicnews.com|date=7 November 2019 }} In 2020, Genocide Watch joined other human rights groups urging the U.N. Human Rights Council (UNHRC) to investigate the actions of the Chinese government regarding Uyghurs and other Turkic Muslim minorities in the Xinjiang region, and "develop strategies" to end violations that would amount to acts of genocide.{{Cite web|last=Kashgarian|first=Asim|date=September 17, 2020|title=Activists, Experts Call on UN to Recognize China's Uighur 'Genocide'|url=https://www.voanews.com/a/east-asia-pacific_voa-news-china_activists-experts-call-un-recognize-chinas-uighur-genocide/6196032.html|access-date=2020-10-09|website=Voice of America|language=en}} In the case of Bosco Ntaganda within the International Criminal Court investigation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Genocide Watch submitted amicus curiae observations{{Cite web|date=18 September 2020|title=Amicus Curiae Observations Pursuant to Rule 103 of the Rules of Procedure and Evidence on Behalf of the Antiquities Coalition, Blue Shield International and Genocide Watch|url=https://www.icc-cpi.int/CourtRecords/CR2020_05311.PDF|access-date=2020-10-09|website=icc-cpi.int|series=ICC-01/04-02/06|publisher=International Criminal Court|language=en}} along with the Antiquities Coalition and Blue Shield International, on the interpretation of attacks on cultural property in the Rome Statute.{{Cite news|last=Karegeya|first=Portia|date=2020-09-21|title=21 September 2020 - ICC AC receives amicus curiae briefs in Ntaganda case|url=http://www.iclmediareview.com/21-september-2020-icc-ac-receives-amicus-curiae-briefs-in-ntaganda-case|access-date=2020-10-09|website=ICL Media Review|language=en-US}}

Stanton has criticized the term "ethnic cleansing", calling it a term invented by Slobodan Milošević as a term used for the denial and cover-up of genocide, stating it whitewashes the crimes and impedes forceful action to stop genocide.{{Cite journal|title= 'Ethnic cleansing' bleaches the atrocities of genocide|url=https://academic.oup.com/eurpub/article/18/2/204/449611|journal=The European Journal of Public Health|year=2007|doi=10.1093/eurpub/ckm011|last1=Blum|first1=R.|last2=Stanton|first2=G. H.|last3=Sagi|first3=S.|last4=Richter|first4=E. D.|volume=18|issue=2|pages=204–209|pmid=17513346|doi-access=free}}

• [https://www.genocidewatch.com/tenstages The Ten Stages of Genocide]
• [http://www.genocidewatch.com/articles-by-dr-stanton Other Articles] by Dr. Gregory Stanton
• [https://www.justsecurity.org/72339/qanon-is-a-nazi-cult-rebranded QAnon is a Nazi Cult Rebranded], by Gregory Stanton
• [https://www.eda.admin.ch/dam/eda/mehrsprachig/documents/publications/Politorbis/politorbis-47_EN.pdf Emerging paradigms in Genocide Prevention] (with Andrea Bartoli and Tetsushi Ogata)

{{Reflist}}

• [http://www.genocidewatch.com/the-call The Call] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vi6k9XKbQec TEDx The Call]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20140202091853/http://scar.gmu.edu/gregory-stanton Biography] at George Mason University website
• {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110503190139/http://www.umw.edu/cas/history/james_farmer_professorship/james_farmer_professor/default.php |date=3 May 2011 |title=Biography, University of Mary Washington }}
• [https://www.genocidewatch.com/ Genocide Watch]

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Stanton, Gregory}}

Category:Living people

Category:Year of birth missing (living people)

Category:Oberlin College alumni

Category:People from Fredericksburg, Virginia

Category:University of Mary Washington faculty

Category:American human rights activists

Category:Yale Law School alumni

Category:Harvard Divinity School alumni

Category:University of Chicago alumni

Category:Genocide education

Category:Genocide studies scholars

Category:Activists from Virginia

Category:Stanton family