Greiz

{{Infobox German place

|type = Stadt

|image_photo = Greiz 2013-05 0725 Blick vom Oberen Schloss.JPG

|image_caption = Greiz, Thuringia

|image_coa = DEU Greiz COA.png

|coordinates = {{coord|50|39|17|N|12|11|59|E|format=dms|display=inline,title}}

|image_plan = Greiz in GRZ.png

|plantext =

|state = Thüringen

|district = Greiz

|elevation = 265

|area = 84.87

|postal_code = 07973

|area_code = 03661

|licence = GRZ, ZR

|Gemeindeschlüssel = 16 0 76 022

|divisions = 10

|website = [https://www.greiz.de/ www.greiz.de]

|mayor = Alexander Schulze[https://wahlen.thueringen.de/datenbank/wahl1/wahl.asp?wahlart=BM&wJahr=0000&zeigeErg=LAND&auswertung=2 Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht], Freistaat Thüringen. Retrieved 25 June 2024.

|leader_term = 2024–30

|party = CDU

}}

Greiz ({{IPAc-en|g|r|aɪ|t|s}} {{respell|gryts}}; {{IPA|de|ɡʁaɪts|-|De-Greiz.ogg}}) is a town in the state of Thuringia, Germany, and is the capital of the district of Greiz. Greiz is situated in eastern Thuringia, {{Convert|100|km|miles}} east of the state capital Erfurt, on the White Elster river.

Greiz has a large park in its centre (Fürstlich Greizer Park){{Cite web|title=Übersicht über den Fürstlich Greizer Park|publisher=Freundeskreis Greizer Park e.V.|access-date=19 May 2019|language=de|url=https://www.greizer-parkfreunde.de/index.php/wege.html}} which is classified as an English garden. Thomasstraße, Burgstraße, Marktstraße, Waldstraße, and Leonhardtstraße, with their Jugendstil houses, are well-known examples of that architectural style.

History

As with other nearby settlements, the place name (originally Grouts) is of Slavic origin and means gord. The first documented mention of the settlement dates from 1209. The prime location of Greiz on the confluence of the White Elster river and its tributary Göltzsch helped to make it a fast-growing town. From the 12th century it was governed by advocati ({{lang|de|Vögte}}), but in 1236 it came into the possession of Gera.{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Greiz|volume=12|page=578}} It was recognized as a town in the 13th century. Later the House of Reuss, a ruling German dynasty whose male members were all named Heinrich, built two castles in Greiz: the "Oberes Schloss" (Upper Castle) and the "Unteres Schloss" (Lower Castle). Both were built by famous architects and are still considered unique. Greiz became the capital of the Principality of Reuss-Greiz until 1918.

The town was wholly destroyed by fire in 1494, and almost totally in 1802.

File:Fußgängerzone Greiz.JPG

Between 1934 and 1943, 809 people were forcibly sterilized by Nazis in the district hospital in Wichmannstraße. The local old folk's home and the care home submitted 122 sick people to the euthanasia program Aktion T4.

During World War II hundreds of prisoners of war as well as men and women from countries occupied by Nazi Germany worked as forced laborers in Sorgwald near Thalbach, a village about 2 km south-east of Greiz and in other enterprises. At least 102 of them died. There is a memorial for them in the Old Cemetery.

There is also a monument to the officer Kurt von Westernhagen, who refused orders in April 1945 to blow up the bridge and defend the town, for which he was shot by the Gestapo.Thüringer Verband der Verfolgten des Naziregimes – Bund der Antifaschisten und Studienkreis deutscher Widerstand 1933–1945 (Hrsg.): Heimatgeschichtlicher Wegweiser zu Stätten des Widerstandes und der Verfolgung 1933–1945. (= Heimatgeschichtliche Wegweiser, Band 8.) Erfurt 2003, {{ISBN|3-88864-343-0}}, S. 111 ff.

During World War II, Greiz did not suffer much damage, although 3 of the 5 bridges in town were destroyed. Ulf Merbold, who became the first astronaut from West Germany in 1983, was born here in 1941.

Greiz has a population of about 20,400 people. The former municipality Neumühle/Elster was merged into Greiz in December 2019.

Economy

In addition to a chemical works and a disused paper factory, there are mechanical engineering operations, plastics manufacturing businesses, wood machining enterprises, medical technology, suppliers to the automobile industry, printing houses, and breweries. In recent years various high-tech businesses (sensor technology, climate simulators, micro-chip production) and environmental technology companies have been developed.

File:Greiz - upper castle (aka).jpg|Upper Castle

File:Greiz Schlösser Unteres und Oberes Schloss oberhalb der Weißen Elster Foto 2009 Wolfgang Pehlemann Wiesbaden IMG 0796.jpg|Upper and Lower castles

File:Unteres Schloss Greiz.JPG|Lower Castle

File:Greiz - town panorama (aka).jpg|View over the town

File:Fotothek df n-23 0000089 Werkansicht.jpg|The VEB chemical factory at Greiz-Dölau 1979

File:Alte Papierfabrik Greiz.jpg|The old paper factory

File:Luftaufnahme Oberes Schloss Greiz.jpg|Aerial view of Upper Castle, 2022

File:Luftaufnahme Sommerpalais Greiz Rückseite.png|Sommerpalais (Summer Palais)