Grevillea juncifolia
{{short description|Species of shrub or tree in the family Proteaceae endemic to inland Australia}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2019}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Grevillea juncifolia habit.jpg
| image_caption =
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| genus = Grevillea
| species = juncifolia
| authority = Hook.{{cite web|title=Grevillea juncifolia|url= https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/85127|publisher=Australian Plant Census|access-date=31 May 2022}}
| synonyms =
}}
File:Grevillea juncifolia 3.jpg
Grevillea juncifolia, commonly known as honeysuckle grevillea, honey grevillea, honeysuckle spider flower,{{cite book|title=Australian plants as Aboriginal Tools|author=Philip A. Clarke|year=2012|publisher=Rosenberg Publishing|ISBN=9781922013576}} and many indigenous names, is a species of flowering plant in the family Proteaceae and is endemic to inland Australia. It is a bushy shrub or small tree with erect, linear leaves and clusters of bright yellow to orange flowers.
Description
Grevillea juncifolia is a bushy shrub or small tree that typically grows to a height of {{cvt|2–7|m}} high and has woolly-hairy branchlets. Its leaves are linear, {{cvt|100–300|mm}} long and {{cvt|1–2|mm}} wide, or divided with more or less parallel lobes {{cvt|15–220|mm}} long. The edges of the leaves or lobes are rolled under with two parallel woolly-hairy grooves on the lower side. The flowers are arranged in branched clusters of fifteen to fifty on a rachis {{cvt|50–170|mm}} long and are bright yellow, sometimes orange, the pistil {{cvt|18–27|mm}} long. Flowering occurs in most months, with a peak from June to November and the fruit is a hairy follicle {{cvt|15–29|mm}} long.{{cite web |title=Grevillea juncifolia |url=https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Grevillea%20juncifolia |publisher=Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment: Canberra |access-date=31 May 2022}}{{cite web |last1=Makinson |first1=Robert O. |title=Grevillea epicroca |url=https://plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/NSWfl.pl?page=nswfl&lvl=sp&name=Grevillea~juncifolia |publisher=Royal Botanic Garden Sydney |access-date=31 May 2022}}{{cite web |title=Grevillea juncifolia |url=http://www.flora.sa.gov.au/cgi-bin/speciesfacts_display.cgi?form=speciesfacts&name=Grevillea_juncifolia |publisher=State Herbarium of South Australia |access-date=31 May 2022}}{{cite web |title=Grevillea juncifolia subsp. juncifolia |url=http://eflora.nt.gov.au/factsheet?id=20481 |publisher=Northern Territory Government |access-date=31 May 2022}}
Taxonomy and naming
Grevillea juncifolia was first formally described in 1848 by English botanist William Jackson Hooker in Thomas Mitchell's Journal of an Expedition into the Interior of Tropical Australia.{{cite web|title=Grevillea juncifolia|url= http://id.biodiversity.org.au/name/apni/503693|publisher=APNI|accessdate=22 May 2022}}{{cite book|last1=Mitchell|first1=Thomas Livingstone|title=Journal of an Expedition into the Interior of Tropical Australia|date=1848|location=Sydney|page=341|url=https://www.gutenberg.org/files/9943/9943-h/9943-h.htm|accessdate=31 May 2022}} The specific epithet (juncifolia) means "rush-leaved".{{cite book |last1=Sharr |first1=Francis Aubi |last2=George |first2=Alex |title=Western Australian Plant Names and Their Meanings |date=2019 |publisher=Four Gables Press |location=Kardinya, WA |isbn=9780958034180 |page=229 |edition=3rd}}
In 2008, Peter M. Olde and Neil R. Marriott described two subspecies of G. juncifolia in The Grevillea Book, and the names are accepted by the Australian Plant Census:
- Grevillea juncifolia Olde & Marriott subsp. juncifolia{{cite web|title=Grevillea juncifolia subsp. juncifolia|url= https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/153140|publisher=Australian Plant Census|access-date=31 May 2021}} has leaves that are mostly or all divided with divided leaves;{{cite web |title=Grevillea juncifolia subsp. juncifolia |url=https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Grevillea%20juncifolia%20subsp.%20juncifolia |publisher=Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment: Canberra |access-date=31 May 2022}}
- Grevillea juncifolia subsp. temulenta Olde & Marriott{{cite web|title=Grevillea juncifolia subsp. temulenta|url= https://biodiversity.org.au/nsl/services/apc-format/display/153481|publisher=Australian Plant Census|access-date=31 May 2021}} has undivided, linear leaves.{{cite web |title=Grevillea juncifolia subsp. temulenta |url=https://profiles.ala.org.au/opus/foa/profile/Grevillea%20juncifolia%20subsp.%20temulenta |publisher=Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment: Canberra |access-date=31 May 2022}}
Indigenous Australians in the Northern Territory give this grevillea many names including tharrkarr (Alyawarre), rrwerleng (Anmatyerre), irrwerlenge (Eastern Arrernte), tharrkarre (Kaytetye), ultukunpa (Pintupi Luritja), ultukunpa (Pitjantjatjara), jiriwuru (Warumungu) and walunarri (Warlpiri).
Distribution and habitat
Honeysuckle grevillea grows in open shrubland or woodland on sandplains, stony hills and open plains, and occurs in inland Australia, in all mainland states and in the Northern Territory, but not in Victoria or Tasmania. Subspecies temulenta is restricted to Western Australia.
Uses
Conservation status
This species of grevillea is listed as "least concern" on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species as it has a very wide distribution and is not declining at a sufficient rate to warrant a higher threat category.{{cite iucn |author=Olde, P. |author2=Barker, W. |year=2020 |title=Grevillea juncifolia |volume=2020 |page=e.T113022401A113308156 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T113022401A113308156.en |access-date=6 June 2024}}
References
{{Reflist}}
{{commons category}}
{{Taxonbar|from1=Q5607950|from2=Q100453172|from3=Q51054003}}
Category:Proteales of Australia
Category:Flora of New South Wales
Category:Flora of the Northern Territory
Category:Flora of South Australia
Category:Eudicots of Western Australia