Groot Constantia
{{Short description|Colonial manor house and wine estate in Cape Town, South Africa}}
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{{Infobox historic site
| name = Groot Constantia
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| image = Image:Groot Constantia.jpg
| caption = Groot Constantia manor house, a historic Cape Dutch building
| locmapin = Cape Town
| coordinates = {{coord|34|1|52|S|18|25|8|E|display=inline,title}}
| location = Constantia, Cape Town, South Africa.
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| built = 17th century
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| architecture = Cape Dutch
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Groot Constantia is the oldest wine estate in South Africa and provincial heritage site in the suburb of Constantia in Cape Town, South Africa.
"Groot" in Dutch and Afrikaans translates as "great" (as in large) in English.
History
In 1685, during an annual visit to the Cape, Hendrik Adriaan van Rheede tot Drakenstein granted the grounds of Groot Constantia to Simon van der Stel the VOC Governor of the Cape of Good Hope.{{cite book|last=Fairbridge|first=Dorothea|title=Historic houses of South Africa|year=1922|publisher=H. Milford, Oxford University Press|location=London|url=https://archive.org/stream/cu31924014905834#page/n131/mode/2up}}{{rp|77}}
Van der Stel built the house and used the land to produce wine as well as other fruit and vegetables, and for cattle farming. Following Van der Stel's death in 1712 the estate was broken up and sold in three parts: Groot Constantia; Klein Constantia; and Bergvliet.
In 1779 the portion of the estate including Van der Stel's Cape Dutch-style manor house was sold to the Cloete family,{{rp|78}} who planted extensive vineyards and extended and improved the mansion by commissioning the architect Louis Michel Thibault. The wine cellar was added by Cloete in 1791.{{rp|78}} The house remained in the possession of the Cloete family until 1885, during which period the estate became famous for its production of Constantia dessert wine.
In 1885 Groot Constantia was purchased by the government of the Cape of Good Hope and was used as an experimental wine and agricultural estate.winepros.com.au {{cite web |last= The Oxford Companion to Wine |title= Constantia |url= http://www.winepros.com.au/jsp/cda/reference/oxford_entry.jsp?entry_id=798 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080808133437/http://www.winepros.com.au/jsp/cda/reference/oxford_entry.jsp?entry_id=798 |archive-date= 8 August 2008 |df= dmy-all }} Following a disastrous fire in 1925 the house was extensively restored.{{cite web|url=http://www.iziko.org.za/static/page/history-of-groot-constantia|title=History of Groot Constantia|access-date=14 January 2014|publisher=Iziko Museums of Cape Town|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116073537/http://www.iziko.org.za/static/page/history-of-groot-constantia|archive-date=16 January 2014|url-status=dead}}
File:KITLV A700 - Jonkershuis van het landgoed Groot-Constantia bij Kaapstad, KITLV 87323.tif
In the year 1925 the manor house completely burnt down. Funds were raised to reconstruct it to its original Cape Dutch splendour.{{cite web|url=http://www.south-african-hotels.com/suburb/constantia/hotels/#area|title=Constantia Hotel in Cape Town|last=South-African-Hotels.com}}
In 1969 the manor house became part of the South African Cultural History Museum, and in 1993 the estate passed into the ownership of the Groot Constantia Trust. The exhibition in the house is managed by Iziko South African Museum, and is particularly focused on rural slavery and the life of slaves during the early Cape colonial period.
Today, other estates have joined Groot Constantia to form the scenic Constantia wine route. These estates include Klein Constantia, Buitenverwachting, Constantia Uitsig, Steenberg, Constantia Glen, Eagles Nest and High Constantia.
Wine production
Groot Constantia is noted particularly for its production of high-quality red wines, including Shiraz, Merlot and blended red Gouverneurs Reserve. In 2003 the estate began production of a Constantia dessert wine, called Grand Constance, for the first time since the 1880s.
The Bell
The estate was home to a historic slave bell, cast in 1716, however it was stolen on the 2nd of September, 2024, and has not been recovered or returned since.{{Cite web |last=Gierdien |first=Tasleem |title=Historic brass bell stolen from Groot Constantia |url=https://www.ewn.co.za/2024/09/04/historic-brass-bell-stolen-from-groot-constantia |access-date=2024-09-16 |website=EWN |language=en}}{{Cite web |last=McCain |first=Nicole |title=Brazen crime ring: Groot Constantia's 100kg brass bell stolen, fears that it will be sold for scrap |url=https://www.news24.com/news24/southafrica/news/crime-ring-groot-constantias-100kg-brass-bell-stolen-fears-that-it-will-be-sold-for-scrap-20240905 |access-date=2024-09-16 |website=News24 |language=en-US}}
Popular culture
- A number of scenes for the 1955 movie Untamed was set at and within Groot Constantia after the protagonist discovers a diamond and returns to Cape Town to live in a stately mansion.
Gallery
Image:Groot Constantia Cloete Cellar.JPG|Cloete Cellar building, the original wine cellar at the estate. The pediment gable is by the sculptor Anton Anreith.
Image:Groot Constantia 129 stitch.jpg|Close up of the pediment gable by sculptor Anton Anreith.
File:Groot Constantia Estate.jpg|Groot Constantia Estate
Image:Constantia1.jpg|Outbuildings at Groot Constantia, now housing the Jonkershuis Restaurant
Groot Constantia, Constantia main area.JPG|View of the main interior room of Groot Constantia.
Groot Constantia, Constantia bedroom.JPG| One of the main bedrooms in Groot Constantia restored to how it would have looked in the 1700s.
Groot Constantia Homestead.jpg| Main house from the front in black and white.
Groot Constantia Landscape.jpg|A view of the main house and surrounding hills in black and white.
Groot Constantia Wine Cellar.jpg|The Wine Cellar building at Groot Constantia in black and white.
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
{{commons category}}
- {{official|http://www.grootconstantia.co.za }}
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20140116072233/http://www.iziko.org.za/museums/groot-constantia-manor-house Groot Constantia on Iziko Museums of South Africa]
{{Cape Town|culture}}
Category:1684 establishments in the Dutch Empire
Category:Cape Dutch architecture in South Africa
Category:Wineries of South Africa
Category:Tourist attractions in South Africa
Category:Buildings and structures in the Western Cape