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Ground glass hepatocyte

Image:Ground glass hepatocytes high mag cropped 2.jpg showing ground glass hepatocytes. H&E stain.]]

In liver pathology, a ground glass hepatocyte, abbreviated GGH, is a liver parenchymal cell with a flat hazy and uniformly dull appearing cytoplasm on light microscopy. The cytoplasm's granular homogeneous eosinophilic staining is caused by the presence of HBsAg.

The appearance is classically associated with abundant hepatitis B antigen in the endoplasmic reticulum, but may also be drug-induced.{{Cite journal | last1 = Cohen | first1 = C | title = "Ground-glass" hepatocytes | journal = S Afr Med J | volume = 49 | issue = 34 | pages = 1401–3 |date=Aug 1975 | pmid = 1162516 }}{{Cite journal | last1 = Su | first1 = IJ | last2 = Wang | first2 = HC | last3 = Wu | first3 = HC | last4 = Huang | first4 = WY | title = Ground glass hepatocytes contain pre-S mutants and represent preneoplastic lesions in chronic hepatitis B virus infection | journal = J Gastroenterol Hepatol | volume = 23 | issue = 8 Pt 1 | pages = 1169–74 |date=Aug 2008 | doi = 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2008.05348.x | pmid = 18505413 | doi-access = free }} In the context of hepatitis B, GGHs are only seen in chronic infections, i.e. they are not seen in acute hepatitis B.

GGHs were first described by Hadziyannis et al.{{Cite journal | last1 = Hadziyannis | first1 = S | last2 = Gerber | first2 = MA | last3 = Vissoulis | first3 = C | last4 = Popper | first4 = H | title = Cytoplasmic hepatitis B antigen in "ground-glass" hepatocytes of carriers | journal = Arch Pathol | volume = 96 | issue = 5 | pages = 327–30 |date=Nov 1973 | pmid = 4582440 }}

Types

Several different types of GGHs are recognized:{{Cite journal | last1 = Wang | first1 = HC | last2 = Wu | first2 = HC | last3 = Chen | first3 = CF | last4 = Fausto | first4 = N | last5 = Lei | first5 = HY | last6 = Su | first6 = IJ | title = Different Types of Ground Glass Hepatocytes in Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection Contain Specific Pre-S Mutants that May Induce Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress | journal = Am J Pathol | volume = 163 | issue = 6 | pages = 2441–9 |date=Dec 2003 | doi = 10.1016/S0002-9440(10)63599-7| pmid = 14633616 | pmc = 1892360 }}

  • Type I - morphologically consist of GGHs that are scattered singly and have weak Pre-S2 positive immunostaining.
  • Type II - morphologically consist of GGHs that are in clusters and have Pre-S2 negative immunostaining.

There is some evidence to suggest that type II GGHs predispose to hepatocellular carcinoma.{{Cite journal | last1 = Abe | first1 = K | last2 = Thung | first2 = SN | last3 = Wu | first3 = HC | last4 = Tran | first4 = TT | last5 = Le Hoang | first5 = P | last6 = Truong | first6 = KD | last7 = Inui | first7 = A | last8 = Jang | first8 = JJ | last9 = Su | first9 = IJ | title = Pre-S2 deletion mutants of hepatitis B virus could have an important role in hepatocarcinogenesis in Asian children | journal = Cancer Sci | volume = 100| issue = 12| pages = 2249–54|date=Aug 2009 | doi = 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01309.x | pmid = 19719772 | s2cid = 38459908 | doi-access = free | pmc = 11159494 }}

See also

Additional images

Image:Ground glass hepatocytes high mag cropped.jpg|Micrograph showing ground glass hepatocytes. H&E stain.

Image:Ground glass hepatocytes high mag.jpg|Micrograph showing ground glass hepatocytes. H&E stain.

Image:Ground glass hepatocytes intermed mag.jpg|Micrograph showing ground glass hepatocytes. H&E stain.

References

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External links

  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20100702172905/http://www.pathology.med.ohio-state.edu/paxit/deptbase/Paxit/Images/10534/PAXIT052.JPG Image of ground glass hepatocyte] - med.ohio-state.edu.
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20110715051931/http://www.pathconsultddx.com/pathCon/diagnosis?pii=S1559-8675(06)70949-4 Chronic hepatitis] - pathconsultddx.com.

Category:Histopathology

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