Groupe Banque Populaire

Groupe Banque Populaire started in 1878 with the foundation of the first local "people's bank" ({{langx|fr|banque populaire}}) in the western French city of Angers. During World War I, Commerce Minister Étienne Clémentel was instrumental in passing the law of {{date|1917-03-13}} which established the local Popular Banks' cooperative status and granted them favorable financial and tax treatment, with intent to fill the void left by struggling local banks in the market for short-term lending to small businesses.{{cite conference |book-title=Les banques françaises et la Grande Guerre |title=Introduction générale |url=https://books.openedition.org/igpde/4204 |author=Fabien Cardoni |year=2016 |publisher=Institut de la gestion publique et du développement économique, Comité pour l’histoire économique et financière de la France |location=Paris}} In 1921, another legislative act established a central financial entity, the {{lang|fr|Caisse centrale des Banques populaires}} (CCBP).

In 1919, the French state sponsored the creation of Crédit National, a specialized bank. In 1946, the French state created Compagnie Française d'Assurance pour le Commerce Extérieur (Coface), a trade credit insurer, and Banque Française du Commerce Extérieur (BFCE), a specialized bank providing export financing services. In 1974, the Social Assistance Bank of the National Education Ministry ({{langx|fr|Caisse d'aide sociale de l'Éducation nationale}}, CASDEN) joined the Banque Populaire network, later rebranding as {{ill|CASDEN Banque populaire|fr}}. In 1996, Crédit National purchased BFCE, and the merged entity renamed itself as Natexis, in which natex is a portmanteau of national and extérieur.

The CCBP purchased Natexis in 1998, and renamed it Natexis Banques Populaires. In 1999, the CCBP was replaced by a new banking entity, the {{ill|Banque fédérale des banques populaires|fr}} (BFBP). Natexis Banques Populaires purchased Coface in 2002. That same year, cooperative bank the {{ill|Crédit coopératif|fr}} joined the Banque Populaire network.

By the mid-2000s the central entity BFBP was controlled by 15 independent regional banks and also operated CASDEN and Crédit Coopératif as subsidiaries. In 2006, Groupe Banque Populaire and fellow mutual Groupe Caisse d'Épargne agreed to merge their commercial and investment banking subsidiaries, respectively Natexis Banques Populaires and Ixis. The new entity was given the name Natixis, a portmanteau of Natexis and Ixis. Natixis went through an initial public offering on {{date|2006/10/25}}, after which BFBP and CNCE (the central entity of Groupe Caisse d'Épargne) each owned 35 percent of its equity capital, the rest being free float.

Natixis, however, soon suffered from poor capital allocation and risk management choices in the context of the 2008 financial crisis, including on investments into Bernie Madoff's funds. Key executives had to resign or were sacked: Nicolas Mérindol and {{ill|Charles Milhaud|fr}}, respectively CEO and chairman of CNCE, on {{date|2008/10/19}};{{cite web |website=Libération |title=A la Caisse d'épargne, des demi-démissions |date={{date|2008/10/19}} |author=AFP |url=https://www.liberation.fr/futurs/2008/10/19/a-la-caisse-d-epargne-des-demi-demissions_154119/}} {{ill|Bernard Comolet|fr}} and Bruno Mettling, respectively chairman of Natixis and CEO of BFBP, on {{date|2009/03/06}};{{cite web |website=BFM Bourse |author=CercleFinance.com |title=Natixis : F. Pérol nommé président du conseil de surveillance |date={{date|2009/03/06}} |url=https://www.tradingsat.com/natixis-FR0000120685/actualites/natixis-f-perol-nomme-president-du-conseil-de-surveillance-328250.html}} and {{ill|Dominique Ferrero|fr}}, CEO of Natexis, on {{date|2009/04/29}}.{{cite web |website=Les Echos |author=Laura Berny |date={{date|2009/04/30}} |title=Les têtes continuent de tomber dans les banques |url=https://www.lesechos.fr/2009/04/les-tetes-continuent-de-tomber-dans-les-banques-454951}}

Partly because of the Natixis fiasco, in October 2008 Groupe Banque Populaire announced plans, since approved by the French government, to merge with Groupe Caisse d'Epargne.{{cite news|url=http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5jMkomSWmtSTqAg41NUs6ARodZSLg|title=French banks to merge in bid to weather storm|date=8 October 2008|work=Agence France Presse|access-date=2008-10-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110520180601/http://afp.google.com/article/ALeqM5jMkomSWmtSTqAg41NUs6ARodZSLg|archive-date=20 May 2011|url-status=dead}} The companies merged in 2009 to form the Groupe BPCEJolly, David. [https://www.nytimes.com/2009/08/27/business/global/27toxic.html Parent of French Bank Agrees to Guarantee Troubled Assets.] New York Times. 26 August 2009. and retain their separate retail banking brands and branch networks. Banque Populaire's chief executive officer Philippe Dupont was selected to head the enlarged company.

As of December 2008, Banque Populaire had 3,460,000 shareholders, 9,400,000 customers, 3,391 branches in France, and a presence in 70 countries.{{cn|date=November 2023}}

File:115 Montmartre.jpg|Entrance of the former head office of Caisse Centrale des Banques Populaires, 115 rue Montmartre

File:47 St Dominique.jpg|Former head office of Crédit National at 45–47, rue Saint-Dominique in Paris

File:Haussmann21.jpg|Former head office of Banque Française du Commerce Extérieur at 21, boulevard Haussmann in Paris

File:Thalassa, Quai André-Citroën, Paris.jpg|Le Ponant building in Paris, former head office of Banque Fédérale des Banques Populaires

File:NatixisParis.JPG|Head office of Natixis in 2007, near the Gare de Lyon

• Crédit Mutuel
• German Cooperative Financial Group
• KBC Group
• De Volksbank

{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category|Banque Populaire}}

• [https://groupebpce.com/ Groupe Banque Populaire Caisse d'Epargne]
• [https://www.banquepopulaire.fr/ Banque Populaire website (in french)]

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Category:Banks based in Paris

Category:Banks established in 1878

Category:French companies established in 1878

Category:BPCE

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