Gruae

{{Short description|Clade of birds}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| fossil_range = PaleoceneMourer-Chaviré C. (1995) The Messelornithidae (Aves: Gruiformes) from the Paleogene of France. - Cour. Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg, 181: 95–105Mayr, Gerald (2016). Avian evolution: the fossil record of birds and its paleobiological significance. Topics in Paleobiology. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 306. {{ISBN|978-1-119-02076-9}}. - Holocene, {{fossilrange|60|0}}

| image = Hoatzin in Peru.jpg

| image_caption = Hoatzin (Opisthocomus hoazin)

| image2 = African Purple Swamphen.jpg

| image2_caption = African swamphen (Porphyrio madagascariensis)

| taxon = Gruae

|display_parents = 3

| authority = Bonaparte, 1854

| subdivision_ranks = Subgroups

| subdivision =

• Opisthocomiformes
• Gruimorphae

}}

Gruae{{Cite web | url=http://www.jboyd.net/Taxo/List7.html | title=TiF Checklist: GRUAE I: Opisthocomiformes & Gruiformes}} is a clade of birds that contains the order Opisthocomiformes (hoatzin) and Gruimorphae (shorebirds and rails) identified in 2014 by genome analysis.Jarvis, E.D. et al. (2014) [https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1253451 Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds]. Science, 346(6215):1320-1331. Previous studies have placed the Hoatzin in different parts of the bird family tree; however, despite its unusual and primitive morphology, genetic studies have shown the hoatzin is not as primitive or as ancient as once thought, and that it could be a very derived bird that reverted to or retains some plesiomorphic traits.{{cite journal|author=Fain, Matthew G.|author2=Houde, Peter|author2-link=Peter W. Houde|name-list-style=amp |year=2004 |title=Parallel radiations in the primary clades of birds |journal=Evolution |volume=58 |issue=11 |pages=2558–2573 |doi=10.1554/04-235 |pmid=15612298 |s2cid=1296408|url=http://biology-web.nmsu.edu/houde/Parallel_radiations.pdf |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130407204436/http://biology-web.nmsu.edu/houde/Parallel_radiations.pdf |archivedate=2013-04-07 }}Hackett, S.J. et al. (2008) A Phylogenomic Study of Birds Reveals Their Evolutionary History. Science, 320(5884):1763–1768.

{{clade|style=font-size:100%;line-height:80%

|label1=Gruae

|1={{Clade

|1=Opisthocomiformes (hoatzin)50 px

|label2=Gruimorphae

|2={{Clade

|1=Gruiformes (rails and cranes)50 px

|2=Charadriiformes (shorebirds)50 px

}}

}}

}}

According to Suh et al. (2016), one of the problems with the conclusions about this novel clade is that independent studies (like Jarvis et al. 2014 and Prum et al. 2015)Prum, R. O. et al. A comprehensive phylogeny of birds (Aves) using targeted next-generation DNA sequencing. Nature (2015). {{doi|10.1038/nature15697}} found very dissimilar phylogenetic relationships (like Inopinaves) using the same probabilistic support, such as bootstrap scores and Bayesian posterior probabilities.Suh, A. (2016) [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/zsc.12213 The phylogenomic forest of bird trees contains a hard polytomy at the root of Neoaves], Zool. Scripta 45(S1), 50–62.