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Gryllidae

{{Short description|Family of crickets}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| fossil_range = {{fossil range|Early Cretaceous|Recent}}

| image = Gryllus campestris female (4724690375).jpg

| image_caption = Female Gryllus campestris

| taxon = Gryllidae

| authority = Laicharting, 1781Laicharting JN von (1781) Verzeichnis und Beschreibung der Tyroler Insecten 1.

| subdivision_ranks =

| subdivision =

| synonyms = *Gryllides Laicharting, 1781

  • Mitratogryllus Furukawa, 1985 (nomen nudum)
  • Paragryllidae Desutter-Grandcolas, 1987

| synonyms_ref =

}}

The family Gryllidae contains the subfamilies and genera which entomologists now term true crickets. Having long, whip-like antennae, they belong to the Orthopteran suborder Ensifera, which has been greatly reduced in the last 100 years (e.g. ImmsImms AD, rev. Richards OW & Davies RG (1970) A General Textbook of Entomology 9th Ed. Methuen 886 pp.): taxa such as the tree crickets, spider-crickets and their allies, sword-tail crickets, wood or ground crickets and scaly crickets have been moved or elevated to family level.{{efn|Many taxa in the Ensifera may be called crickets sensu lato, including the Rhaphidophoridae – cave or camel crickets; Stenopelmatidae – Jerusalem or sand crickets; Mogoplistidae – scaly crickets; Gryllotalpidae – mole crickets; Anabrus – Mormon crickets; Myrmecophilidae – ant crickets; and Tettigoniidae – the bush crickets or katydids.}} The type genus is Gryllus and the first use of the family name "Gryllidae" was by Francis Walker.Walker F (1871) Catalogue of the Specimens of Dermaptera Saltatoria in the Collection of the British Museum Supplement: 98.

They have a worldwide distribution (except Antarctica). The most familiar field crickets (Gryllinae) are characteristically robust brown or black insects;{{cite book |author1= Resh, Vincent H. |author2= Cardé, Ring T. |title=Encyclopedia of Insects |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Jk0Hym1yF0cC&q=Grylloidea |year=2009 |publisher=Academic Press |isbn=978-0-08-092090-0 |pages=232–236}} the largest members of the family are the {{convert|5|cm|0|abbr=on}}-long bull crickets (Brachytrupes) which excavate burrows a metre or more deep.

{{Notelist}}

Subfamilies

The family is divided into these subfamily groups, subfamilies, and extinct genera (not placed within any subfamily):{{cite web |url=http://orthoptera.speciesfile.org/Common/basic/Taxa.aspx?TaxonNameID=1121520 |title=Family Gryllidae (Laicharting, 1781) |work=Orthoptera Species File |access-date=3 September 2020}}

  1. Capillogryllus {{Au|Xie, Zheng & Liang, 2003}}
  2. †Cratogryllus {{Au|Martins-Neto, 1991}} Crato Formation, Brazil, Aptian
  3. Neogryllodes {{Au|Otte, 1994}}
  4. Rhabdotogryllus {{Au|Chopard, 1954}}
  5. †Sharovella {{Au|Gorochov, 1985}}
  6. Spinogryllus {{Au|Vasanth, 1993}}
  7. †Trichogryllus {{Au|Chopard, 1936}}
  • Itarinae Shiraki, 1930
  • Landrevinae Gorochov, 1982
  • Subfamily Eneopterinae Saussure, 1893 – bush crickets (American usage), not to be confused with the Tettigoniidae (katydids or bush crickets)
  • Subfamily unplaced: most extinct
  • genus †Achetomorpha Gorochov, 2019 Bembridge Marls, United Kingdom, Priabonian
  • genus †Eneopterotrypus – monotypic Zeuner, 1937 Bembridge Marls, United Kingdom, Priabonian
  • genus †Fanzus – monotypic Zessin, 2019Virgo 22. Jahrgang, 2019: ZESSIN, W.: [https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/Virgo_22_0056-0063.pdf Neue Insekten aus dem Moler (Paläozän/Eozän) von Dänemark, Teil 4 (Orthoptera: Caelifera: Eumastacidae, Ensifera: Gryllidae; Odonata: Libellulidae]: 56-63. Fur Formation, Denmark, Ypresian
  • genus †Gryllidium Westwood, 1854
  • genus †Lithogryllites Cockerell, 1908 Florissant Formation, United States, Eocene
  • genus Menonia – monotypic M. cochinensis George, 1936 (tentative placement[http://orthoptera.speciesfile.org/Common/basic/Taxa.aspx?TaxonNameID=1126740 Orthoptera Species File: genus Menonia George, 1936])
  • genus †Nanaripegryllus – monotypic Martins-Neto, 2002 Crato Formation, Brazil, Aptian
  • genus †Pherodactylus – monotypic Poinar, Su & Brown, 2020, Burmese amber, Myanmar, Cenomanian
  • genus †Proeneopterotrypus Gorochov, 2019 – monotypic †P. danicus (Rust, 1999) Fur Formation, Denmark, Ypresian

See also

References

{{Reflist}}

External links

  • {{Wikispecies-inline}}
  • {{Commons category-inline}}

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Category:Orthoptera families

Category:Ensifera

Category:Taxa named by Johann Nepomuk von Laicharting

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