Gualala River

{{Use American English|date=February 2025}}

{{Infobox river

| name = Gualala River

| name_native =

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| image = GualalaRiverPICT2418.JPG

| image_size = 300

| image_caption = The Gualala River near its mouth

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| pushpin_map = USA California

| pushpin_map_size = 300

| pushpin_map_caption= Location of the mouth of the Gualala River in California

| subdivision_type1 = Country

| subdivision_name1 = United States

| subdivision_type2 = State

| subdivision_name2 = California

| subdivision_type3 = Region

| subdivision_name3 = Sonoma County, Mendocino County

| subdivision_type4 =

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| subdivision_type5 = City

| subdivision_name5 = Gualala, California

| length = {{convert|3.4|mi|km|abbr=on}}confluence to mouth

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| source1 = South Fork Gualala River

| source1_location = Mohrhardt Ridge

| source1_coordinates= {{coord|38|34|17|N|123|10|3|W|display=inline}}{{Gnis|235010|South Fork Gualala River}}

| source1_elevation = {{convert|1880|ft|abbr=on}}

| source2 = North Fork/Billings Creek

| source2_location = Snook Mountain

| source2_coordinates= {{coord|38|50|46|N|123|19|56|W|display=inline}}{{Gnis|219293|Billings Creek}}

| source2_elevation = {{convert|1840|ft|abbr=on}}

| source_confluence = confluence

| source_confluence_location = {{convert|2|mi|km|0|abbr=on}} northeast of Gualala, California

| source_confluence_coordinates= {{coord|38|46|42|N|123|29|56|W|display=inline}}

| source_confluence_elevation = {{convert|23|ft|abbr=on}}

| mouth = Pacific Ocean

| mouth_location = west of Gualala, California

| mouth_coordinates = {{coord|38|46|7|N|123|32|2|W|display=inline,title}}{{Gnis|253221|Gualala River}}

| mouth_elevation = {{convert|0|ft|abbr=on}}

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| basin_size = {{convert|298|sqmi|abbr=on}}

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The Gualala River is a river on the northern coast of California. Most of the river is in Sonoma County, but a portion is in Mendocino County. The headwaters of the {{convert|40|mi|km|adj=mid|-long}} river (measuring via its South Fork)U.S. Geological Survey. National Hydrography Dataset high-resolution flowline data. [http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/ The National Map] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120329155652/http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/ |date=2012-03-29 }}, accessed March 9, 2011 are high in the Coast Range, and it empties into the Pacific Ocean. For its last few miles, it forms the boundary between Sonoma County and Mendocino County.

The Gualala River was previously known as the Valhalla River, but the name was changed sometime between 1877 and 1921.{{Cite book |last1=Thompson |first1=R. A. |url=https://digital.sonomalibrary.org/documents/detail/391014?item=391200 |title=Historical atlas map of Sonoma County, California |publisher=Mid-Cal Publishers |year=1877 |location=Fresno, Calif. |access-date=2024-07-13 }} [https://archive.org/details/historicalatlasm00unse_0 Alt URL]{{Cite map|url=https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/topoview/viewer/#12/38.7634/-123.5479|title=1921 USGS 1:62500-scale Quadrangle for Plantation, CA|date=1921|scale=1:62500|publisher=U.S. Geological Survey|location=Reston, Virginia|map=CA_Plantation_298571_1921_62500_geo.pdf|access-date=2024-07-13}}

John Sutter's militia captain Ernest Rufus is credited with naming the river. There is disagreement about whether the name is originated from the Pomo word Walali meaning where the waters meet or English for What Water read The Law. (Que Agua Le La Ley){{cite book |last=McDonnell |first=Lawrence R. |title =Rivers of California |publisher =Pacific Gas and Electric Company |date =1962 |location =San Francisco |page =38 }}

The river has three forks: the South Fork, Wheatfield Fork and the North Fork. The South Fork is the longest and travels northwest, parallel to the coast along the San Andreas Fault rift zone. The Wheatfield Fork begins west of Lake Sonoma and has the largest flow of the three forks. Its tributaries include Tombs, Wolf, House, Haupt and Fuller creeks. Wheatfield is the first fork to combine with the South Fork. Buckeye Creek, a tributary of the river, joins the South Fork next. It is followed by Rockpile Creek and Big Pepperwod Creek. The North Fork is the only part of the river in Mendocino County. It travels roughly southwest towards the coast along the San Andreas Fault rift zone and meets the South Fork at the border between the counties, a few miles before the river flows into the ocean.DeLorme California Atlas and Gazetteer (1st edition) (2008) {{ISBN|0-89933-383-4}} maps 54&61

The mountainous watershed has an area of about {{convert|298|sqmi}}, three quarters of it in Sonoma County and one quarter in Mendocino County. Rainfall varies from {{convert|38|in}} per year at the coast to {{convert|70|in}} inland. The watershed is sparsely populated. Timber production is the predominant land use, historically and currently. Grazing was previously important but has become less prevalent.

The river provides recreation, municipal and industrial water supply for the community of Gualala, California, and wildlife habitat including cold freshwater habitat for fish migration and spawning.State of California Water Quality Control Plan North Coastal Basin 1B July 1975 p.13 The most important problem for the watershed is excessive erosion. The area has a high degree of natural erosion because of uplift and displacement caused by the San Andreas Fault, which runs through the area. However, logging and roads have greatly increased the amount of sedimentation in the river. Kelly Road, which runs between Lake Sonoma and Annapolis, is a major source of sediment in the river and its tributaries. High water temperatures is another significant problem. Logging has removed large streamside trees that provided shade and reduced the amount of large woody debris, which creates pools.

In 2002, Alaska businessmen and former Reagan administration Interior Department official Ric Davidge announced plans to collect water from the Albion and Gualala rivers in large bags and tow it several hundred miles south to San Diego as drinking water.{{citation|title=Alaska Firm Wants to Pump Water, Ship It South to San Diego|journal=Sacramento Bee|first=Stuart|last=Leavenworth|date=January 30, 2002}}. However, the plan drew local opposition,{{citation|title=Residents aghast at plan to move water south in big bags|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=aKoKAAAAIBAJ&sjid=JE0DAAAAIBAJ&pg=6866,179971&dq=albion-river-bridge&hl=en|journal=The Daily Courier|first=Michele|last=Locke|publisher=Associated Press|date=March 1, 2002}}.{{citation|title=Residents organize against 'water grab'|journal=Mendocino Beacon|first=Gretchen|last=Martin|date=April 5, 2002}}.{{citation|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-mar-02-mn-30730-story.html|journal=Los Angeles Times|title= Plan to Bag Rivers May Not Float: An entrepreneur's bid to tug giant sacks of fresh North Coast water to San Diego stirs up anger amid the skepticism|date=March 2, 2002|first=Eric|last=Bailey}}. and was eventually shelved after the state government passed new laws requiring extensive studies of the effects on fish habitats before any such plan could proceed.{{citation|title=Davis signs bill to scuttle water export: Fish habitat study would delay plan to tap Albion, Gualala Rivers for San Diego|journal=Santa Rosa Press-Democrat|first=Paul|last=Payne|date=September 28, 2002}}.{{citation|title=Alaskan dumps water bag proposal: Plan to export Gualala, Albion water to Southern California drew heat on North Coast|journal=Santa Rosa Press-Democrat|first=Ucilia|last=Wang|date=December 14, 2002}}. The governor later signed a law declaring the two rivers as recreational areas, preventing similar attempts at exploiting their resources.{{citation|url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2003-jul-30-me-rivers30-story.html|journal=Los Angeles Times|date=July 30, 2003|first=Kathleen|last=Flynn|title= Davis Signs Bill Declaring Rivers as Recreational: The measure would prevent companies from damming, diverting or exporting water from designated areas of the Albion and Gualala}}.

File:Gualala River mouth and sandbar.jpg