Guangdong Romanization#Hakka
{{Short description|Romanization schemes for Chinese languages}}
{{RCL}}
{{IPA notice}}
Guangdong Romanization refers to the four romanization schemes published by the Guangdong Provincial Education Department in 1960 for transliterating Cantonese, Teochew, Hakka and Hainanese. The schemes utilized similar elements with some differences in order to adapt to their respective spoken varieties.
In certain respects, Guangdong romanization resembles pinyin in its distinction of the alveolar initials z, c, s from the alveolo-palatal initials j, q, x and in its use of b, d, g to represent the unaspirated stop consonants {{IPA|/p t k/}}. In addition, it makes use of the medial u before the rime rather than representing it as w in the initial when it follows g or k.
Guangdong romanization makes use of diacritics to represent certain vowels. This includes the use of the circumflex, acute accent and diaeresis in the letters ê, é and ü, respectively. In addition, it uses -b, -d, -g to represent the coda consonants {{IPA|/p t k/}} rather than -p, -t, -k like other romanization schemes in order to be consistent with their use as unaspirated plosives in the initial. Tones are marked by superscript numbers rather than by diacritics.
Cantonese
{{Main|Cantonese Transliteration Scheme}}
The scheme for Cantonese is outlined in "The Cantonese Transliteration Scheme" ({{zh|s=广州话拼音方案|t=廣州話拼音方案|p=Guǎngzhōuhuà Pīnyīn Fāng'àn}}). It is referred to as the Canton Romanization on the LSHK character database. The system is not used in Hong Kong where romanization schemes such as Hong Kong Government, Yale, ILE and Jyutping are popular, though it can be seen in works released in the People's Republic of China regarding Cantonese.
Teochew
{{Main|Peng'im}}
The scheme for the Teochew dialect of Min Nan is outlined in "The Teochew Transliteration Scheme" ({{zh|s="潮州话拼音方案"|t=〈潮州話拼音方案〉|p=Cháozhōuhuà Pīnyīn Fāng'àn}}). This scheme (and another similar scheme which is based upon this scheme) is often referred to as Peng'im, which is the Teochew pronunciation of pinyin.
This scheme is the romanization scheme currently described in the Teochew dialect article.
Hakka
Hainanese
{{main|Hainanese Transliteration Scheme}}
The scheme for Hainanese is outlined in the "Hainanese Transliteration Scheme" ({{zh|s=海南话拼音方案|t=海南話拼音方案|p=Hǎinánhuà Pīnyīn Fāng'àn}}). The scheme describes the Wenchang dialect, which is generally regarded as the prestige dialect of Hainanese in mainland China, used in provincial broadcasting.
External links
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20111105020413/http://www.cukda.com/ime/ Cukda Cantonese IME]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20091208043921/http://www.sungwh.freeserve.co.uk/chinese/gzhhpy.htm 廣州話拼音方案 - GuangZhou Dialect (Cantonese) Romanization Scheme]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20100111000957/http://www.sungwh.freeserve.co.uk/chinese/chaozhou.htm 潮州話拼音方案 - ChaoZhou Dialect Romanization Scheme]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20100422235107/http://www.sungwh.freeserve.co.uk/chinese/meixian.htm 梅縣話拼音方案 - Meixian Dialect ( 客家 / Kejia / Hakka ) Romanization Scheme]
- [http://www.hainanese.lingd.net/article-3775105-1.html 海南话拼音文字方案 - The Hainanese Transliteration Scheme]
References
- {{cite book | author=Yang, Mingxin (杨明新) | title=A Concise Cantonese-English Dictionary (简明粤英词典) | publisher=Guangdong Higher Education Publishing House (广东高等教育出版社) | year=1999 | isbn=7-5361-2350-7}}