Guarea

{{short description|Genus of plants}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}

{{Automatic taxobox

|image = Guarea guidonia 3.JPG

|image_caption = Guarea guidonia

|taxon = Guarea

|authority = F. Allam ex L.

|subdivision_ranks = Species

|subdivision = See text

}}

Guarea is a genus of evergreen trees or shrubs in the family Meliaceae, native to tropical Africa and Central and South America. At their largest, they are large trees 20–45 m tall, with a trunk over 1 m diameter, often buttressed at the base. The leaves are pinnate, with 4–6 pairs of leaflets, the terminal leaflet present. They are dioecious, with male and female flowers on separate plants.{{cite journal|first1=T. D.|last1=Pennington|first2=B. T.|last2=Styles|title=A Generic Monograph of the Meliaceae|journal=Blumea|volume=22|date=1975|pages=419–540}} The flowers are produced in loose inflorescences, each flower small, with 4–5 yellowish petals. The fruit is a four or five-valved capsule, containing several seeds, each surrounded by a yellow-orange fleshy aril; the seeds are dispersed by hornbills and monkeys which eat the aril.

Species

Species accepted by Plants of the World Online as of March 2019:{{cite web |url=https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:331634-2 |title=Guarea |date=2017 |website=Plants of the World Online |publisher=Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew|access-date=17 March 2019}}

{{Columns-list|

{{Linked species list|

Guarea aguilarii|Al.Rodr.|

Guarea anomala|T.D.Penn.|

Guarea bijuga|C.DC.|

Guarea blanchetii|C.DC.|

Guarea bullata|Radlk.|

Guarea carapoides|Harms|

Guarea carinata|Ducke|

Guarea cartaguenya|Cuatrec.|

Guarea casimiriana|Harms|

Guarea caulobotrys|Cuatrec. (also spelt caulobotryis)|

Guarea chiricana|Standl.|

Guarea cinnamomea|Harms|

Guarea constricta|Al.Rodr.|

Guarea convergens|T.D.Penn.|

Guarea corrugata|Cuatrec.|

Guarea corticosa|Al.Rodr.|

Guarea costata|A.Juss.|

Guarea crispa|T.D.Penn.|

Guarea cristata|T.D.Penn.|

Guarea donnell-smithii|C.DC.|

Guarea ecuadoriensis|W.Palacios|

Guarea eriorhachis|Harms|

Guarea fissicalyx|Harms|

Guarea fistulosa|W.Palacios|

Guarea gentryi|Coronado|

Guarea glabra|Vahl|

Guarea gomma|Pulle|

Guarea gracilis|T.D.Penn.|

Guarea grossa|T.D.Penn.|

Guarea guentheri|Harms|

Guarea guidonia|(L.) Sleumer|

Guarea hoffmanniana|C.DC.|

Guarea humaitensis|T.D.Penn.|

Guarea inesiana|Al.Rodr.|

Guarea jamaicensis|Proctor|

Guarea juglandiformis|T.D.Penn.|

Guarea kunthiana|A.Juss.|

Guarea lozanoi|Morales-P.|

Guarea luxii|C.DC.|

Guarea macrocalyx|Al.Rodr.|

Guarea macrophylla|Vahl|

Guarea megacostata|T.D.Penn.|

Guarea megantha|A.Juss.|

Guarea mexicana|Coronado|

Guarea michel-moddei|T.D.Penn. & S.A.Mori|

Guarea pendula|R.da Silva Ramalho, A.L.Pinheiro & T.D.Penn.|

Guarea persistens|W.Palacios|

Guarea polymera|Little|

Guarea pterorhachis|Harms|

Guarea pubescens|(Rich.) A.Juss.|

Guarea purusana|C.DC.|

Guarea pyriformis|T.D.Penn.|

Guarea reticulatovenosa|T.D.Penn.|

Guarea rhopalocarpa|Radlk.|

Guarea riparia|W.Palacios|

Guarea scabra|A.Juss.|

Guarea silvatica|C.DC.|

Guarea sphenophylla|Urb.|

Guarea sprucei|C.DC.|

Guarea subandina|W.Palacios|

Guarea subsessilifolia|Al.Rodr.|

Guarea tafae-malekui|Al.Rodr.|

Guarea talamancana|Gómez-Laur. & Valerio|

Guarea tonduzii|C.DC.|

Guarea trunciflora|C.DC.|

Guarea velutina|A.Juss.|

Guarea venenata|T.D.Penn.|

Guarea zarceroensis|Coronado|

Guarea zepivae|T.D.Penn.

}}

}}

Uses

The timber is important; the African species are known as bossé, guarea, or pink mahogany, and the South American species as cramantee or American muskwood.

It is said to possibly cause hallucinations if ingested.{{cite web

|url = http://www.stltoday.com/stltoday/news/stories.nsf/sciencemedicine/story/75472D1F5D896D71862575AD000E9C69?OpenDocument

|date = 5 May 2009

|first= Kim |last=McGuire

|title = Scientists get dirt on mystery plant

|publisher = St. Louis Post-Dispatch

|accessdate = 2009-05-07

|url-status = dead

|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20090616130408/http://www.stltoday.com/stltoday/news/stories.nsf/sciencemedicine/story/75472D1F5D896D71862575AD000E9C69?OpenDocument

|archivedate = 16 June 2009

}}

File:Corinthos by Barbara Hepworth, Tate Liverpool.jpg at Tate Liverpool{{cite web| url=http://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/hepworth-corinthos-t00531/text-catalogue-entry | title=Corinthos 1954–5 | publisher=Tate Gallery | location=UK | accessdate=5 August 2015 }}]]

The wood can be used for sculpture and was favoured by the British 20th century sculptor Barbara Hepworth.

References

{{Reflist}}

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Category:Meliaceae genera

Category:Medicinal plants

Category:Dioecious plants

{{Meliaceae-stub}}