Guerlain

File:L'Heure Bleue.jpg

The House of Guerlain was owned and managed by members of the Guerlain family from its inception in 1828 to 1994. It was acquired in 1994 by the LVMH group, a French multinational investment corporation specializing in luxury brands.{{citation needed|date=November 2017}}

File:Immeuble, 68 avenue des Champs-Élysées, Paris 8e 03.JPG, in Paris]]

The House of Guerlain was founded in 1828,{{Cite web |title=Лучшие духи Guerlain - Популярная парфюмерия Герлен - Самые известные ароматы Guerlain. |url=https://guerlainhistory.ru/ |access-date=2025-04-07 |website=guerlainhistory.ru}} when Pierre-François Pascal Guerlain opened his perfume store at 42, rue de Rivoli in Paris. As both the founder and first perfumer of the house, Pierre-François composed and manufactured custom fragrances with the help of his two sons, Aimé and Gabriel. Through continued success and the patronage of members in high society, Guerlain opened its flagship store at 15, rue de la Paix in 1840, and put its mark on the Parisian fashion scene.

The success of the house under Pierre-François peaked in 1853 with the creation of {{lang|fr|Eau de Cologne Impériale}} for French Emperor Napoleon III and his Spanish-French wife Empress Eugénie. This perfume earned Pierre-François the prestigious title of being His Majesty's Official Perfumer. Guerlain went on to create perfumes for Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and Queen Isabella II of Spain, among other royalty.{{citation needed|date=November 2014}}

With the death of Pierre-François in 1864, the house was left to his sons Aimé Guerlain and Gabriel Guerlain. The roles of perfumer and manager were divided between the two brothers, with Gabriel managing and further expanding the house, and Aimé becoming the master perfumer. The House of Guerlain thus began a long tradition whereby the position of master perfumer was handed down through the Guerlain family.

As Guerlain's second generation in-house perfumer, Aimé was the creator of many classic compositions, including {{lang|fr|Fleur d'Italie}} (1884), Rococo (1887) and {{lang|fr|Eau de Cologne du Coq}} (1894). However, many would argue that his greatest composition was 1889's Jicky, the first fragrance described as a "parfum" rather than an eau de cologne, and among the first to use synthetic ingredients alongside natural extracts.

File:Mitsouko.jpg

The business was handed down to the sons of Gabriel Guerlain: Jacques Guerlain and Pierre Guerlain. Jacques, Aimé's nephew, became Guerlain's third master perfumer; he was the author of many of Guerlain's most famous classics, which are still held in high esteem in the modern perfume industry. Many of his perfumes are still sold and marketed today. Among Jacques Guerlain's most important creations are {{lang|fr|Mouchoir de Monsieur}} (1904), {{lang|fr|Après L'Ondée}} (1906), {{lang|fr|L'Heure Bleue}} (1912), Mitsouko (1919), Guerlain's flagship fragrance Shalimar (1925), and {{lang|fr|Vol de Nuit}} (1933). Jacques composed his final perfume, Ode (1955), with the assistance of his grandson, the then-18-year-old Jean-Paul Guerlain.

Jean-Paul Guerlain was the last family master perfumer. He created Guerlain's classic men's fragrances {{lang|fr|Vétiver}} (1959) and {{lang|fr|Habit Rouge}} (1965). He also created {{lang|fr|Chant d'Arômes}} (1962) and {{lang|fr|Chamade}} (1969). From 1975 to 1989, he collaborated with perfumer Anne-Marie Saget, composing Nahema (1979), {{lang|fr|Jardins de Bagatelle}} (1983), Derby (1985) and Samsara (1989).Edwards, Michael. Perfume Legends II: French Feminine Fragrances. Édition Emphase, 2019. His later work includes {{lang|fr|Héritage}} (1992), {{lang|fr|Coriolan}} (1998) and {{lang|fr|Vétiver pour Elle}} (2004). Jean-Paul Guerlain retired in 2002, but continued to serve as advisor to his successor until 2010, when he was terminated after making a racist remark on French television regarding the inspiration for his scent Samsara.{{cite news|last=Samuel|first=Henry|title=Jean-Paul Guerlain fined for racist comment|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/france/9173613/Jean-Paul-Guerlain-fined-for-racist-comment.html|access-date=17 November 2012|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=29 March 2012}} With no heir from within the Guerlain family to take over, the role of master perfumer is no longer tied to family succession.

In a decision widely seen as a break with tradition, the Guerlain family sold the company to the luxury goods conglomerate LVMH in 1994. Though Jean-Paul Guerlain remained as an in-house perfumer until 2002, other perfumers were brought in after 1994 to compose perfumes for Guerlain, and Jean-Paul had to submit his compositions against those of others. Fans of the house viewed the LVMH purchase as a step towards the cheapening and commercialization of the legendary firm's legacy. Most were unhappy with the first post-LVMH release, the 1996 sweet mimosa floral Champs-Elysées, composed by Olivier Cresp, whose entry was selected over that of Jean-Paul Guerlain.

File:Guerlain David Jones Elizabeth Street 2013.jpg in Sydney]]

Among the outside perfumers to compose perfumes for the firm after 1994 was Mathilde Laurent, who worked for Guerlain at the end of the 1990s and in the early 2000s. She composed Aqua Allegorica Pamplelune (1999) and Shalimar Light (2003, reattributed to Jean-Paul Guerlain and relaunched in 2004 following reformulation). Maurice Roucel, a perfumer of Symrise, composed {{lang|fr|L'Instant de Guerlain}} (2004) and Insolence (2006). As the niece of Jean-Jacques Guerlain, some thought Patricia de Nicolaï would have been a candidate for the position of Guerlain's in-house perfumer,{{citation |first=Burr |last=Chandler |title=The Emperor of Scent: A Story of Perfume, Obsession, and the Last Mystery of the Senses |year=2003 |location=New York |publisher=Random House |isbn=0-375-50797-3 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/emperorofscentst00burr }} though the presence of a glass ceiling in the company prevented her selection for position.{{citation |title=Scent of a woman: Patricia de Nicolai on circumventing the Guerlain gender bias |first=Nathalie |last=Atkinson |journal=National Post|date=2010-12-20 |url=http://www.canada.com/entertainment/television/tv-listings/Scent+woman/4004505/story.html}}

In May 2008, Thierry Wasser was named the in-house perfumer for Guerlain. Wasser, a Swiss perfumer who used to work for Firmenich, created Iris Ganache (2007) and {{lang|fr|Quand Vient la Pluie}} (2007) for Guerlain before his appointment the following year. Jean-Paul Guerlain stayed on in an advisory consultant role, both for fragrance design and ingredients. Wasser was to work closely with Sylvaine Delacourte, Guerlain's Artistic Director.{{Citation|title=Guerlain hires perfumer Thierry Wasser|author=osMoz|url=http://www.osmoz.com/News-Trends/News/Pro/Guerlain-hires-perfumer-Thierry-Wasser|access-date=28 May 2008|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080520121516/http://www.osmoz.com/News-Trends/News/Pro/Guerlain-hires-perfumer-Thierry-Wasser|archive-date=20 May 2008}} In 2010, the LVMH Group cut ties with Jean-Paul Guerlain as their consultant due to his racist comments on French television.{{Citation|title=Jean-Paul Guerlain speaking about negros|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PqRrjBzX3fI}}{{cbignore}}{{Dead Youtube links|date=February 2022}}{{cite news|last=Brisson|first=Cecile|title=Guerlain cosmetic empire heir convicted of racism|url=http://www.timesunion.com/business/article/Guerlain-cosmetic-empire-heir-convicted-of-racism-3443758.php|newspaper=Times Union|date=30 March 2012}}{{cite news|title=Perfumier Jean-Paul Guerlain guilty of racism|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/europe/2012/03/201232918343871395.html|newspaper=Al Jazeera|date=29 March 2012}}

Russian model Natalia Vodianova has been the face of Guerlain campaigns since 2008. Vodianova began advertising Shalimar to celebrate the perfume house's 180th birthday.{{Citation|title=Natalia Vodianova – New Face of Guerlain| author=fragrantica.com| date=27 September 2008 |url=http://www.fragrantica.com/news/Natalia-Vodianova-New-Face-of-Guerlain-476.html| access-date=13 July 2013}} For the Fall 2013 makeup collection, Olivier Echaudemaison, Guerlian's Creative Director of Makeup since 2000 commented "Every season we fantasize with Natalia's image and invent for her a new role. For us, it is not just a model, which advertises cosmetics, but above all, a great actress".{{Citation|title=Guerlain Fall 2013 Violette de Madame Collection|author=BecomeGorgeous|date=9 July 2013|url=http://www.zimbio.com/Natalia+Vodianova/articles/ZKnnTN34ekQ/Guerlain+Fall+2013+Violette+de+Madame+Collection|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130713113421/http://www.zimbio.com/Natalia+Vodianova/articles/ZKnnTN34ekQ/Guerlain+Fall+2013+Violette+de+Madame+Collection|url-status=dead|archive-date=13 July 2013|access-date=13 July 2013}}

In October 2011, the company named Malaysian actress Michelle Yeoh as a new spokesmodel. Yeoh is an ambassador for the Orchidée Impériale line of skincare.{{Citation|title=Michelle Yeoh Named as Guerlain's New Celebrity Ambassador|author=Chau, Elizabeth|date=13 October 2011|url=http://asiapacificarts.usc.edu/w_apa/showarticle.aspx?articleID=17531&AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1|access-date=13 July 2013|archive-url=https://archive.today/20130713113417/http://asiapacificarts.usc.edu/w_apa/showarticle.aspx?articleID=17531&AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1|archive-date=13 July 2013|url-status=dead}}

In 2018, Guerlain founded an initiative to raise awareness around bee protection which launched globally in 2021. As part of this initiative, the House invited friends to lead Bee School Sessions to raise awareness among the youth of today. UK ambassador Camille Charriere taught a Bee School Session in May 2023 in Notting Hill at Hampden Gurney Primary School.{{Cite web |last=Ways |first=Curious |title=Guerlain are educating the next generation on the importance of bees with their new school initiative |url=https://www.hungertv.com/editorial/guerlain-are-educating-the-next-generation-on-the-importance-of-bees-with-their-new-school-initiative/ |access-date=2023-12-09 |website=HUNGER TV |language=en-GB}}

In February 2024, the Emirati artist and singer, Balqees Fathi became the Regional Ambassador for the brand in the Middle East.{{Cite web |title=Balqees is Guerlain's first Emirati Regional Ambassador |url=https://en.vogue.me/beauty/balqees-guerlain-first-emirati-regional-ambassador/ |access-date=7 February 2024 |website=Vogue Arabia}}{{Cite web |title=Guerlain signs first Emirati brand ambassador |url=https://campaignme.com/guerlain-signs-first-emirati-brand-ambassador/ |access-date=7 February 2024 |website=Campaign Middle East}}

File:Guerlain Sydney Airport Duty Free 2013.jpg]]

Guerlain's creations have long influenced the trends of perfumery with fragrances such as Jicky, Shalimar, {{lang|fr|Vétiver}}, and {{lang|fr|La Petite Robe Noire}}. Guerlain is among the few older houses (such as Caron) that exist solely to produce and market perfumes. Many brands in the perfume industry, such as Chanel and Jean Patou are in fact divisions of fashion houses or multinational conglomerates that license the brand name. Alongside its fragrances, today Guerlain has expanded to offer a large range of makeup and skincare. Guerlain products are available across the world at serviced counters within department stores, and at beauty stores such as fellow LVMH brand Sephora. Guerlain also maintains thirteen international beauty and spa 'boutiques', five within France (two being in Paris).{{Cite web|url=http://www.guerlain.com/int/en/base.html#/en/patrimoine-guerlain/lepatrimoine-subtitle/lepatrimoine-boutiquesspas/|title=GUERLAIN ⋅ Perfume designer ⋅ Makeup ⋅ Skincare ⋅ GUERLAIN|access-date=13 July 2013|archive-date=21 November 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101121141826/http://www.guerlain.com/int/en/base.html#/en/patrimoine-guerlain/lepatrimoine-subtitle/lepatrimoine-boutiquesspas/|url-status=dead}}

File:Guerlain vetiver.jpg in 2000.]]

File:Smith & Caughey's Queen Street Guerlain 2013.jpg on Queen Street, Auckland]]

{{original research|section|date=December 2024}}

Since its foundation in 1828, Guerlain has created over 600 fragrances.{{Cite book|last=Atlas|first=Michèle|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/42282357|title=Guerlain: perfume bottles since 1828|date=1997|publisher=Éditions Milan|others=Alain Monniot|isbn=2-84113-650-7|location=Toulouse|oclc=42282357}} Among the company's most notable (in terms of longevity, sales or cultural impact) are:

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| {{lang|fr|Eau de Cologne du Coq}} || 1894

|A classic cologne featuring prominent herbal, lavender and citrus notes.

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| {{lang|fr|Mouchoir de Monsieur}} || 1904

|An aromatic fougère created for men, this fragrance is close to the olfactory profile of Jicky, with aromatic lavender and a semi-oriental base. It was in very limited distribution for much of the 20th century, until becoming more widely available in the early 1990s.

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| {{lang|fr|Après l'Ondée}} || 1906

|{{IPA|fr|apʁɛ lɔ̃de|}}: The name of this fragrance translates to 'after the rain shower.' {{lang|fr|Après l'Ondée}} is a light floral fragrance reminiscent of bitter almonds, with anise and herbal notes. Its composition includes violet, iris, heliotrope, hawthorn, anise, and herbal notes.

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| {{lang|fr|L'Heure Bleue}} || 1912

|{{IPA|fr|lœʁ blø|}}: Meaning 'The Blue Hour,' {{lang|fr|L'Heure Bleue}} is a floral oriental fragrance with the dusky scent of candies and almond cake bought in an old world apothecary. Its powdery accord is similar to that of {{lang|fr|Après l'Ondée}}, but {{lang|fr|L'Heure Bleue}} is denser, richer, and has a more confectionery quality, while {{lang|fr|Apres l'Ondée}} is more floral in character and lighter and more transparent in feel. Both {{lang|fr|Apres l'Ondée}} and {{lang|fr|L'Heure Bleue}} are often perceived as melancholy scents.

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| Mitsouko|| 1919

|{{IPA|fr|mitsuko|}}: Named after the heroine of the novel {{lang|fr|La Bataille}} by Claude Farrère, Mitsouko is said to herald the ending of World War I. Due to a bottle shortage at the end of the war, it was marketed in an identical bottle to that of {{lang|fr|L'Heure Bleue}}, and is sometimes considered to be that fragrance's warm counterpart. The structure is based on Coty's long-discontinued 1917 perfume {{lang|fr|Chypre}}, with added notes of peach and iris. With Coty's fragrance no longer produced, Mitsouko is today considered by Luca Turin, a well-known perfume critic and reviewer, to be a reference fragrance in the chypre olfactive family.Luca Turin and Tania Sanchez, Perfumes: the A–Z Guide, Expanded Edition, Penguin, 2009, 384–5.

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| {{lang|fr|Eau de Fleurs de Cédrat}} || 1920

|This classic cologne foregrounds the notes of the citron fruit, with lemon, neroli, herbs and other notes.

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| Shalimar|| 1925

|{{IPA|fr|ʃalimaʁ|}}: Named after the garden in Lahore, built by Shah Jahan in memory of his wife, Shalimar is one of the world's most famous oriental fragrances, and was one of the first perfumes to successfully incorporate large amounts of vanillin in its composition. The scent of Shalimar is densely constructed, with a cascade of many notes, including bergamot, smoke, tonka bean, iris, and vanilla. This is the flagship perfume of the House of Guerlain

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| Liù || 1929

|Liù, named after a tragic character in Puccini's opera Turandot, is an aldehydic floral that is said to have been inspired by the wildly successful Chanel No. 5, released in 1921. Like No. 5, it features aldehydes over a jasmine-rose heart accord. Though not especially well known compared to aldehydics such as Arpège or Chanel No. 5, the fragrance has never been discontinued.

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| {{lang|fr|Sous le Vent}}|| 1933

|The name is the French term for the Leeward Islands (Society Islands), the Îles Sous-le-Vent. This perfume was said to be composed for the dancer, singer and French Résistance member Joséphine Baker, who spent much of her life and career in France. It was a green chypre with notes of tarragon, galbanum and oakmoss, and was discontinued in 1972.

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| {{lang|fr|Vol de Nuit}} || 1933

|{{IPA|fr|vɔldənɥi|}}: Composed as a tribute to flight, celebrating the novel of the same name by pilot Antoine de Saint-Exupéry and Air France, this is a green, semi-oriental chypre with notes of iris, galbanum, daffodil, and oakmoss. {{lang|fr|Vol de Nuit}}'s use of galbanum made it among the first fragrances to feature pronounced green notes.Roja Dove, The Essence of Perfume, London: Black Dog Publishing, 2008, 116.

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| Véga || 1936

|This floral aldehydic fragrance was inspired by the star Vega, the brightest in the night sky. It featured aldehydes layered on a jasmine and ylang-ylang floral heart over woody notes. The fragrance was discontinued by the 1960s, but was rereleased in a limited edition in 2006.

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| {{lang|fr|Vétiver}} || 1959

|This was Jean-Paul Guerlain's first fragrance after taking over as the in-house perfumer at Guerlain. A men's fragrance, it was created to replace the company's earlier {{lang|fr|Vétiver}} perfume and was originally targeted to the Mexican market. The original composition was an eau de cologne, but it was strengthened to an eau de toilette in the 1980s.

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| {{lang|fr|Chant d'Arômes}} || 1962

|Designed for and marketed to younger women, {{lang|fr|Chant d'Arômes}} ('Song of Scents') is a soft chypre, with notes of citrus and honeysuckle over oakmoss, vetiver and jasmine. Quite popular in its day, the fragrance is now one of Guerlain's more obscure fragrances.

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| {{lang|fr|Habit Rouge}} || 1965

|Considered the first oriental for men, {{lang|fr|Habit Rouge}} is a dense composition of bergamot, woods, spices, opopanax and amber. Like {{lang|fr|Vétiver}}, it was originally an eau de cologne but was reformulated as a men's eau de toilette in the 1980s.

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| {{lang|fr|Chamade}} || 1969

|{{IPA|fr|ʃamad|}}: Named after the novel by Françoise Sagan, {{lang|fr|Chamade}} is a floral oriental fragrance with a pronounced topnote of galbanum introducing a core of notes including hyacinth, blackcurrant buds, and vanilla. In French, the word {{lang|fr|Chamade}} refers to a particular signal to an enemy made by rapid drumbeats or trumpets of an offer to negotiate surrender. Packaged in a bottle representing an upside-down heart pierced by an arrow, the fragrance is said to symbolize a total surrender to love.

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| {{lang|fr|Eau de Guerlain}} || 1974

|{{lang|fr|Eau de Guerlain}} is a unisex citrus scent inspired by classical colognes, such as Guerlain's own {{lang|fr|Eau de Cologne Impérial}}, {{lang|fr|Eau de Cologne du Coq}} and {{lang|fr|Eau des Fleurs de Cédrat}}. Its notes include bergamot, lemon, verbena, neroli and oakmoss.

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| {{lang|fr|Parure}} || 1975

|In French, a {{lang|fr|parure}} is a matched set of jewelry, typically a necklace, brooch and earrings, sometimes with a bracelet and tiara. This is a fruity chypre fragrance featuring notes of plum, lilac, rose and oakmoss. Fading popularity, coupled with International Fragrance Association and European Union regulations on some of its ingredients, led to its discontinuation in the early 2000s.

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| Nahéma || 1979

|This floral oriental fragrance was inspired by the legend of a sultan who had twin daughters, the gentle and obedient Mahane and the fiery and passionate Nahéma. Built predominantly around rose notes, Nahéma was an early fragrance to feature damascenones, a set of newly discovered aromachemicals with a profound fruity-rose character. Like {{lang|fr|Parure}}, Nahéma was not a sales success, but the EdP remains available.

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| {{lang|fr|Jardins de Bagatelle}} || 1983

|Named after a formal garden planted within the Bois de Bologne on the western outskirts of Paris, {{lang|fr|Jardins de Bagatelle}} is a white floral with notes of magnolia, jasmine, tuberose and sandalwood.

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| Derby || 1985

|A dry, woody-leather scent for men, Derby was not a sales success for Guerlain. The composition features spices, sandalwood, leather, oakmoss, birch sap and tobacco. The scent was periodically available from the 1990s but discontinued in 2021.

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| Samsara || 1989

|{{IPA|fr|sɑ̃saʁa|}}: Composed by Jean-Paul Guerlain and Anne-Marie Saget, this is a heady oriental fragrance featuring main notes of jasmine, ylang-ylang, and sandalwood.Edwards, Michael. Perfume Legends II: French Feminine Fragrances. Édition Emphase, 2019. The name is a reference to the cycle of birth, life, death, and rebirth or reincarnation in Hinduism and many other religions in South Asia.

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| {{lang|fr|Héritage}} || 1992

|This is an aromatic, spicy, woody scent for men, with notes of lavender, coriander, patchouli and sandalwood. Released as an EdT, it is one of a few Guerlain masculines that later became available as an EdP.

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| Champs-Élysées || 1996

|The first major fragrance by the company released after the sale to LVMH and the first not to be composed by a member of the Guerlain family. Though it borrows the name of a 1904 Guerlain fragrance, Parfum des Champs-Elysées, the 1996 Champs-Elysées was an entirely new composition. It is a bright, sweet mimosa-based floral.

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| Aqua Allegoria Pamplelune || 1999

|Pamplelune was one of the original five Aqua Allegoria fragrances released by Guerlain in 1999 as simple, fresh, light compositions designed to appeal to younger consumers. It is a sunny grapefruit-dominant citrus fragrance, with notes of grapefruit, blackcurrant buds and patchouli.

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| Aqua Allegoria Herba Fresca || 1999

|The second of the original five Aqua Allegoria fragrances that has never been out of production, Herba Fresca is a light, fresh green fragrance with herbal notes, green tea and spearmint.

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| Mahora / Mayotte || 2000

|A heady floral oriental fragrance of jasmine, tuberose, ylang-ylang and vanilla, Mahora is named after the French demonym for the people of the island of Mayotte, an overseas department of France located in the Indian Ocean off the coast of Southeast Africa. Though a major launch for Guerlain, the fragrance sold poorly and was discontinued quickly. In 2005, it reappeared under the name Mayotte in an exclusive line, but was discontinued again in the mid-2010s.

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| {{lang|fr|L'Instant de Guerlain}} || 2003

|Another floral oriental in the range, {{lang|fr|L'Instant}} begins with notes of citrus and honey before moving into an accord of magnolia and white flowers over vanilla and amber.

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| Insolence || 2006

|Insolence harkens back to Guerlain's early floral orientals like {{lang|fr|L'Heure Bleue}}, with notes of violet, iris, and orange blossom, while adding new, modern notes of red fruit and white musk.

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| Guerlain Homme || 2008

|Guerlain Homme's top notes represent a "mojito accord," with sweet lime, peppermint and rum, over a woody base of patchouli, cedar and vetiver.

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| Idylle || 2009

|The first major fragrance composed by Thierry Wasser after taking over as the in-house perfumer at Guerlain in 2008, Idylle is a soft, modern chypre with fruity notes, rose, patchouli and white moss.

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| {{lang|fr|La Petite Robe Noire}} || 2012

|This fragrance, memorializing the "little black dress," was born after the accidental, unexpected success of a limited-edition fragrance by the same name composed by Delphine Jelk and released without fanfare in 2009. Its popularity convinced Guerlain to release a second limited edition in 2011, and when that also proved successful, in 2012 the company released a tweaked version of the 2009 Petite Robe Noire composition as a mass-market fragrance.

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| {{lang|fr|L'Homme Idéal}} || 2014

|Guerlain's first major launch for men in six years, {{lang|fr|L'Homme Idéal}} ('The Ideal Man') is a relaxed fougère with citrus top notes and a heart of sweet amaretto notes over cedarwood and patchouli.

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|Mon Guerlain || 2017

|Originally inspired as a modern-day counterpart to Jicky, Mon Guerlain is a sweet oriental featuring lavender, jasmine, vanilla and sandalwood.

|}

{{reflist}}

• Collectif, Dictionnaire des parfums - 10e édition 1990–1991, Sermadiras, 1990
• Stamelman, R: "Perfume – Joy, Scandal, Sin. A cultural history of fragrance from 1750 to the present day", Rizzoli, 2006
• Élisabeth de Feydeau, "Le roman des Guerlain Parfumeurs de Paris", Flammarion, 2017, 363 p. (lire en ligne)
• Pierre-Roland Saint-Dizier (scénario), Li-An (dessin), "Guerlain, Le prince des parfums, 1ère époque, Pierre-François-Pascal (1798/1864)", bande dessinée, Glénat, 2018
• Laurence Benaïm, "Paris, capitale de Guerlain", Flammarion, 2021

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• {{Official website}}
• [http://www.lvmh.com Corporate webpage of LVMH], owner of Guerlain

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