Guisborough

Assessing the origin of the name Guisborough, Albert Hugh Smith commented that it was "difficult". From its first attestation in the Domesday Book into the 16th century, the second part sometimes derived from the originally Old English word burh ('town, fortification') and sometimes from the Old English word -burn ('stream'). It seems that the settlement was simply known by both names, the -burh/-borough forms predominate in the historical record and this survives today.

The origin of the first element is uncertain: Smith's best guess was from the Old Norse personal name Gígr in its genitive Gígs. If so, Guisborough once meant "Gígr's town".A. H. Smith, [https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/research/groups/epns/documents/north-riding-of-yorkshire.pdf The Place-Names of the North Riding of Yorkshire], English Place-Name Society, 5 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1928), pp. 149–150. To this day the first element has a different spelling for the town from Gisborough Priory and Gisborough Hall in the town.

{{Main|Demographics of Tees Valley}}

At the 2011 census, the civil parish with outlying Upleatham, Dunsdale and Newton under Roseberry had a population of 17,777, of which 16,979 were in the town's built-up area.{{NOMIS2011|id=1170211059|title=Guisborough Parish|access-date=15 March 2018}}
{{NOMIS2011|id=E34002512|title=Guisborough Built-up area|access-date=10 August 2021}}

File:Guisborough Helmet front left.jpg]]

{{main|Guisborough Helmet}}

Some archaeologists date the town to the Roman occupation, when it may have been a military fortification. The discoveries of a few Roman artefacts such as the elaborate ceremonial Guisborough Helmet, support this but proof is still lacking.

The Guisborough Helmet is a Roman cavalry helmet found near the town in 1864. Its original protective cheek-pieces have not survived but the attachment holes can be seen in front of the helmet's ear guards. It is lavishly decorated with engraved and embossed figures indicating that it was probably used for display or cavalry tournaments, although possibly for battle as well. It was unearthed in what appears to be a carefully arranged deposition in a bed of gravel, distant from any known Roman sites. After its recovery during roadworks it was donated to the British Museum for restoration and display.{{Cite web |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/search_the_collection_database/search_object_details.aspx?objectid=1363194&partid=1&searchText=guisborough&fromADBC=ad&toADBC=ad&numpages=10&orig=%2fresearch%2fsearch_the_collection_database.aspx¤tPage=2 |title=British Museum collection database |access-date=17 November 2010}}

File:Gisborough Priory east view.jpg

Gighesbore is recorded in the Domesday Book in 1086 as a place within Langbaurgh Wapentake or hundred.{{openDomesday|NZ6116|guisborough|Guisborough|accessdate=26 September 2021}}

The ruined Gisborough Priory dates from the 12th century.The priory, Gisborough Hall (16th century, demolished and rebuilt) and some other features are spelt without the first "u".

The town shared in the prosperity of the Industrial Revolution by being close to the ironstone mines of the North York Moors. One of the area's ironfounders, Sir Joseph Whitwell Pease, chose as his country seat the Gothic revival Hutton Hall designed by Alfred Waterhouse, at Hutton Lowcross, near Guisborough.

File:The rose garden at Gisborough Hall - geograph.org.uk - 1403852.jpg

Gisborough Hall, a Victorian mansion, owned by the Chaloner family, was built in a Jacobean revival style in 1856. It is a Grade II listed building, but has undergone conversion into a hotel.{{NHLE |num=1310795 |desc=Gisborough Hall, and retaining wall, balustrade, piers and steps to the south |access-date=17 November 2017}}

{{rws|Guisborough}} station was on the Middlesbrough–Guisborough branch of the North Eastern Railway; it closed in 1964. Extensive residential development occurred in the 1960s and 1970s, linked to the expansion of the chemical industry at Wilton and the steel industry at Redcar.

{{Infobox legislature

| name = Guisborough Town Council

| coa_pic =

| coa_caption =

| coa_res =

| coa_alt =

| logo_res =

| logo_alt =

| foundation =

| house_type = Town Council

| website = {{URL|https://www.guisboroughtowncouncil.co.uk}}

| footnotes =

| meeting_place=File:Sunnyfield House, Westgate, Guisborough (geograph 6576815).jpg

}}

File:Guisborough Town Hall.jpg]]

Guisborough's county authority since 1889, the North Riding of Yorkshire, was disbanded in 1974. The town was in the county of Cleveland's Langbaurgh borough from 1974 to 1996 and is now in the Redcar and Cleveland unitary authority borough of North Yorkshire.

Guisborough Town Hall was built on Westgate in 1821. When built, it was arcaded with shambles on the ground floor and an assembly room on the first.{{Cite web |title='Groton – Gunnerton', in A Topographical Dictionary of England |first= Samuel |last=Lewis |location=London |year=1848 |pages=348–360 |publisher=British History Online |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/topographical-dict/england/pp348-360 |access-date=7 July 2021}} The two-storey building was topped with a third storey in 1870.{{NHLE |num=1329572 |desc=Town Hall |access-date=10 July 2017}} In 2015 Redcar and Cleveland Council acquired the building at auction and subsequently announced plans to redevelop it with financial support from the National Lottery Heritage Fund and Tees Valley Combined Authority,{{cite news|date=12 January 2021|title=Multi-million pound project to transform derelict building into 'gateway to the North York Moors'|newspaper=Gazette Live|url=https://www.gazettelive.co.uk/news/teesside-news/multi-million-pound-project-transform-19603592|access-date=7 July 2021}} the building reopened in April 2022. This building now hosts tea afternoons on Thursdays.

File:Guisborough Church of St Nicholas 2.JPG

The Anglican Church of St Nicholas houses the De Brus Cenotaph.{{Cite web |url=http://www.stnicholasguisborough.org.uk/about-us/about-church/virtual-visit// |title=Guisborough Parish Church |access-date=9 March 2017 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120321162609/http://www.stnicholasguisborough.org.uk/about-us/about-church/virtual-visit// |archive-date=21 March 2012 }} A church may have existed here in 1290. The chancel of the present one dates from the late 15th century and the nave and interior have been altered. The church in its present form resulted from major rebuilding in 1903–1908, to a design by Temple Moore.

File:Chaloner Street, Guisborough (geograph 5429850).jpg

Guisborough is the home of the East Cleveland Explorer Scout Unit for those aged 14–18, affiliated to the Scout Association. Activities include work on The Duke of Edinburgh's Award, Young Leaders volunteering, and over 200 different adventure activities. It has about 30 members. The 3rd Guisborough Scout Group (The Pioneers) at Belmangate was established in 1974.[scouts.org.uk]{{full citation needed|date=March 2017}}

There is also a group of volunteer trail builders working to provide free mountain-bike trails in the local forest. Local musicians are catered for at an open mic/jam session every Wednesday night.{{Cite web |url=http://guisboroughopenmicnight.com |title=Guisborough Open Mic Night |access-date=9 March 2017}}

File:CoverdaleBuildingPPC.jpg Primary education is provided at Belmont, Galley Hill, Highcliffe, St Paulinus (Roman Catholic) and Chaloner Primary which is an amalgamation of the previous Park Lane Infants & Northgate Junior School. Laurence Jackson School, situated at the eastern end of the town, is the only secondary school, and doubles as a Specialist Sports College.{{Cite web |url=http://www.laurencejackson.org/ |title=Laurence Jackson School |access-date=9 March 2017}}

Prior Pursglove College, a sixth-form college for GCSE, A level and AS level students, stands next to the parish church and priory ruins on the former site of Guisborough Grammar School, which it replaced after changes in the education system. It had been founded in 1561 by Robert Pursglove, the last Prior of Gisborough, as a charitable school for poor boys. It was accompanied by a set of almshouses for twelve pensioners.{{Cite web |title=History |url=http://pursglovearchive.co.uk/history |website=Pursglove Archives |publisher=Prior Pursglove College |access-date=15 April 2015}}

Askham Bryan College of Agriculture operates a Guisborough Centre on the same site as Prior Pursglove College.{{Cite web |url=http://www.askham-bryan.ac.uk/about_the_college/centres/guisborough_centre |title=Guisborough Centre |publisher=Askahm Bryan College |access-date=1 September 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080224220800/http://www.askham-bryan.ac.uk/about_the_college/centres/guisborough_centre |archive-date=24 February 2008}} It consists of an animal management centre and a modern building, the Priory Centre, which the two colleges share.{{Cite web |url=http://www.pursglove.ac.uk//index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=332&Itemid=40 |title=Prior Pursglove |access-date=9 March 2017}}

File:Arriva Bus Passing Bus Stop At South End Of Westgate - geograph.org.uk - 80998.jpg]]

Two main roads cross at Guisborough, the A171 leading west to Middlesbrough and east to Whitby, and the A173 south-west to Stokesley and north-east as far as Skelton, where it joins the A174 coast road. Before the bypass was built, the A171 ran along Westgate, the town's main street, crossing the A173 at Chapel Beck Bridge. Just beyond the bypass to the north-east, a B-road heads north from the A173 to Redcar. Another minor route out of town, Wilton Lane, is a winding, almost single-track road running north to the village of Wilton and on to the ICI Wilton chemical works. There are two other lanes that lead out of town into the hills. Hutton Lane ends at Hutton Village, built mostly for local mining, agricultural and estate workers. Belmangate is an ancient funeral route.

File:Guisborough Branch Walkway - geograph.org.uk - 698581.jpg

The south of the town is bounded by the North York Moors National Park. Guisborough Forest, which is Forestry England land, clothes the edge of the moors. Through the forest, the ground climbs sharply from the plain to the moors behind. There are several rocky outcrops on the steep slope, including Highcliff Nab and the Hanging Stone. The woods are crossed by several rights of way, including Cleveland Way, but other paths and commission tracks are also open to walkers. Beyond the woods, the ground levels out to form Gisborough Moor.

File:Guisborough railway station (site), Yorkshire (geograph 4288105).jpg

Until 1964, Guisborough was served by trains from Middlesbrough – the Middlesbrough & Guisborough Railway had its terminus at the now-demolished Guisborough station. Before 1958 it was possible to travel from Guisborough to Whitby and Scarborough, along the scenic North Yorkshire coast railway.

Guisborough market is held on Thursday and Saturday with a few stalls on Tuesday. Originally selling cattle and other livestock, the market developed into a general market for fruit and vegetables, clothing and flowers. It opens from early morning to late afternoon on the restored cobbles of Westgate,{{citation needed|date=August 2021}} the main shopping street.{{citation needed|date=August 2021}} Guisborough Museum, behind Westgate's Sunnyfield House, shows photographs of Guisborough's history and inhabitants.

One main employer in the town was The Shirt Factory. Towards the end of its existence it was acquired by Montague Burton of Leeds, but it closed in 1999.{{Cite web |url=http://www.nowandthenmag.co.uk/august1999/1.htm |title=Factory is spending thousands to reduce noise |access-date=9 March 2017}} Other former employers were Blackett Hutton and Co., maker of medium high-integrity castings, and the civil engineering firm Henderson Campbell.{{Cite web |url=https://www.gazettelive.co.uk/news/local-news/staff-stay-loyal-guisborough-firm-3789367 |title=Civil engineering firm Henderson Campbell |date=18 October 2005 |access-date=7 June 2019}}

There is a working watermill at Tocketts Mill. On 15 January 2004, Guisborough was granted Fairtrade Town status. It is a commuter town for nearby Middlesbrough and has many working in the chemical plants around Teesside.

File:The Stand, Guisborough Town Football Club - geograph.org.uk - 1410077.jpg

Guisborough Town FC, founded in 1973, play in {{English football updater|GuisborT}} as of the 2023-24 season. The King George V Ground, which hosts the club's home matches, is named after the king.

King George's Fields, adjacent to the football club, is a playing field with a small playground and a skate park. There is a swimming pool, built in 1968, at the fields. An eight-year campaign led by the late MP, Dr Ashok Kumar, secured the pool's refurbishment, which was completed in 2008–2009.{{Cite news |url=http://www.gazettelive.co.uk/news/teesside-news/2009/02/02/guisborough-swimming-pool-reopens-after-300-000-refit-84229-22826106/ |newspaper=Middlesbrough Evening Gazette |title=Guisborough Swimming Pool Reopens |date=2 February 2009}}

Guisborough Rugby Union Football club plays in Durham/Northumberland 2 division in the 2021–22 season. The area's constituent body is the Yorkshire Rugby Football Union, able to compete in the region's Silver Trophy.

Guisborough Cricket Club plays in the NYSD cricket league. In 2001–04 it equalled its record of four successive league wins. Past players have included the professionals Murray Goodwin (Sussex and Zimbabwe), Desmond Haynes and Phil Simmons (both West Indies), Imran Jan (Trinidad and Tobago), Sean Clingeleffer (Tasmania) and Greg Todd (Otago).

Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC North East and Cumbria and ITV Tyne Tees. Television signals are received from the Bilsdale and the local relay TV transmitters.{{cite web|url=https://ukfree.tv/transmitters/tv/Bilsdale|title=Bilsdale (North Yorkshire, England) Full Freeview transmitter|date=1 May 2004|website=UK Free TV|accessdate=28 October 2023}}{{cite web|url=https://ukfree.tv/transmitters/tv/Guisborough|title=Freeview Light on the Guisborough (Redcar and Cleveland, England) transmitter|date=1 May 2004|website=UK Free TV|accessdate=28 October 2023}}

Local radio stations are BBC Radio Tees, Capital North East, Smooth North East, Heart North East, and Zetland FM, a community based radio station which broadcast from its studio in Redcar.{{cite web |url=https://www.zetlandfm.co.uk/about-us |title=About Zetland FM|accessdate=28 October 2023}}

The town is served by the local newspapers TeessideLive and The Northern Echo.{{cite web |url=https://www.gazettelive.co.uk/all-about/guisborough|title=Guisborough - Latest News And Pictures|access-date=28 October 2023}}{{cite web|url=https://www.britishpapers.co.uk/england-ne/northern-echo/|title=The Northern Echo|date=12 May 2014|website=British Papers|accessdate=28 October 2023}}

{{See also|Category:People from Guisborough}}

• Willie Applegarth (1890–1958), Olympic track and field athlete
• John Gilbert Baker (1836–1920), botanist
• Mark Benton (born 1965), character actor
• Robert de Brus, 1st Lord of Annandale (died before 1138), Norman baron and knight, founder of the Bruce dynasty of Scotland and England
• John Bulmer (1867–1917), first-class cricketer
• Bob Champion (born 1948), steeplechase jockey who won the 1981 Grand National, despite being recently diagnosed with cancer
• Henry Savile Clarke (1841–1893), dramatist and critic
• James Coppinger (born 1981), professional footballer with Doncaster Rovers
• Ralph Gaudie (1876–1951), professional footballer, notably with Arsenal
• Sean Gregan (born 1974), professional footballer
• Robert Holman (1952-2021), writer
• Lawry Lewin (born 1985), television actor
• Rod Liddle (born 1960), journalist, at school in Guisborough
• Katy Livingston (born 1984), Olympic modern pentathlete
• Richard Milward (born 1984), novelist
• Elinor Lyon (1921–2008), children's writer born in the town
• Alan Ramage (born 1957), cricketer
• Mark Robinson (born 1981), footballer with Guisborough Town
• Selina Scott (born 1951), head girl at Laurence Jackson School, later newsreader and presenter of The Clothes Show
• J. Denis Summers-Smith (born 1920), Scottish-born ornithologist and tribologist
• Walter of Guisborough (fl. 13th c.), medieval chronicler
• Thomas Ward (1652–1708), author who converted to Catholicism
• Joseph Whitehead (1814–1894), Canadian railway pioneer and political figure
• Will Muir, professional rugby union player

The area generally has warm summers and relatively mild winters. During the year, on average there is around 650mm of rainfall.{{Weather box

|location = Guisborough

|single line = Yes

|metric first = Yes

|Jan high C = 6

|Feb high C = 6

|Mar high C = 8

|Apr high C = 11

|May high C = 15

|Jun high C = 18

|Jul high C = 19

|Aug high C = 19

|Sep high C = 17

|Oct high C = 13

|Nov high C = 9

|Dec high C = 7

|year high C = 9

|Jan low C = 0

|Feb low C = 0

|Mar low C = 2

|Apr low C = 3

|May low C = 6

|Jun low C = 9

|Jul low C = 11

|Aug low C = 11

|Sep low C = 9

|Oct low C = 6

|Nov low C = 3

|Dec low C = 1

|year low C = 0

|Jan precipitation mm = 47

|Feb precipitation mm = 33

|Mar precipitation mm = 44

|Apr precipitation mm = 48

|May precipitation mm = 39

|Jun precipitation mm = 73

|Jul precipitation mm = 69

|Aug precipitation mm = 64

|Sep precipitation mm = 50

|Oct precipitation mm = 65

|Nov precipitation mm = 60

|Dec precipitation mm = 51

|year precipitation mm = 643

|source 1 = Weather.com{{Cite web

|url=http://uk.weather.com/travel/travel-Guisborough-UKXX0426?tab=2 |title=Average weather for Guisborough |access-date=16 June 2011 |publisher=Weather.com|date=August 2011}}

|source 2 = WorldWeatherOnline.com{{Cite web |url=http://www.worldweatheronline.com/weather-averages/United-Kingdom/806139/Guisborough/812744/info.aspx |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130209120152/http://www.worldweatheronline.com/weather-averages/United-Kingdom/806139/Guisborough/812744/info.aspx |url-status=dead |archive-date=9 February 2013 |title=Guisborough, UK Weather Averages |access-date=16 June 2011 |publisher=WorldWeatherOnline.com}}

|date=August 2010

}}

{{Reflist|30em}}

{{commons category|Guisborough}}

{{Wikivoyage|Guisborough}}

• [https://www.stnicholasguisborough.com/ St Nicholas Parish Church]
• [http://guisboroughhistorynotes.blogspot.com/2009/07/walter-dack-brelstaff.html Local history material collated by Walter Brelstaff]

{{Redcar and Cleveland}}

{{North Yorkshire}}

{{NE England}}

{{authority control}}

Category:Places in the Tees Valley

Category:Redcar and Cleveland

Category:Civil parishes in North Yorkshire

Category:Market towns in North Yorkshire

Category:Towns in North Yorkshire