Gulfstream G100#Variants

File:4X-CUD Dignam Martin.jpg

Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) developed the Astra from its Model 1124 Westwind business jet. Work on an improved Westwind began in the late 1970s,Relman 1993, p. 314. with the first prototype flight on 19 March 1984.Relman 1993, p. 316. The first production Astra flew on 20 March 1985, with FAA certification granted on 29 August 1985 and customer deliveries starting in 1986.

The original 1125 Astra was replaced by the Astra SP, announced in 1989; 37 were built. The third variant, the Astra SPX, flew for the first time in August 1994. This variant was renamed G100 from September 2002 following Gulfstream's acquisition of Galaxy Aerospace, which held the Astra type certificate, in May 2001.

In September 2002, Gulfstream announced the improved G150, based on the G100. This last variant features a wider (12 in) and longer fuselage (16 in aft of rear pressure bulkhead) updated avionics and an increase in maximum takeoff weight (MTOW) to {{convert|26100|lb|kg|0}} compared to the G100's MTOW of {{convert|24650|lb|kg|0}}. It first flew on 3 May 2005 and was certified by the FAA in late 2005.{{cite news |title=First Flight: Gulfstream G150 |url=http://www.aero-news.net/index.cfm?do=main.textpost&id=f1f50e3c-0cc7-425a-800f-20401e03ac4c |access-date=22 September 2024 |work=Aero-News Network |date=3 May 2005}}{{cite web |url=http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/c3b99d33d92d16bc862572e300697f82/$FILE/A16NM.pdf |title=FAA Type Certificate Data Sheet No. A16NM Revision 8 – Gulfstream Aerospace 1125 Westwind Astra; Astra SPX; Gulfstream 100; Gulfstream G150 |date=23 May 2007 |access-date=24 April 2016 |archive-date=15 November 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161115140152/http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/c3b99d33d92d16bc862572e300697f82/$FILE/A16NM.pdf |url-status=dead }} It has been certified for the steeper-than-normal approach path required to land at London City Airport.[http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/video/?fr_story=bac3ee4dba2a6e373d3c1d1a8da86820cc4036c3&rf=bm G150 Steep Approach to London City approaches reach 5.5 degrees] Aviation Week. Accessed: 9 January 2011.{{dead link|date=July 2019}} Production of the G100 was discontinued following certification of the G150.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}} IAI continued to manufacture G150s in Israel and the completed airframes were then flown to Dallas in the U.S. for interior outfitting. In September 2016, Gulfstream announced that, owing to slow sales, production would be stopped, with delivery of the final aircraft due in mid-2017.{{cite web|last1=Sarsfield|first1=Kate|title=Gulfstream calls time on struggling G150|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/gulfstream-calls-time-on-struggling-g150-429851/|website=Flightglobal|date=28 September 2016}}

The Astra was further developed in the 1990s; the wing was modified and mated to a completely new fuselage. This development became the IAI Galaxy (later the Gulfstream G200).[http://www.airliners.net/aircraft-data/stats.main?id=226 "The Israel IAI-1126 Galaxy/Gulfstream G200"]

By 2018, Gulfstream G150s from 2006–2008 were in the range of $3.8 to $4.8 million.{{cite magazine |url= https://www.ainonline.com/sites/default/files/full-issues/ain_1218.pdf |title= For many models, market hitting the apex |magazine= Aviation International News |author= Mark Huber |date= December 2018 |pages= 20–21, 24 |access-date= 27 December 2018 |archive-date= 27 December 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20181227181555/https://www.ainonline.com/sites/default/files/full-issues/ain_1218.pdf |url-status= dead }}

File:C-38A and C-40C DC ANG in flight.jpg of the United States Air National Guard]]

The G100 was ordered for the United States Air Force in 1997 as the C-38A Courier. The C-38A was operated by the 201st Airlift Squadron at Andrews Air Force Base in Maryland until 2015. The C-38A replaced the earlier Learjet C-21. The C-38A differs from the standard Gulfstream G100, being fitted with various military avionics systems.{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/c-38.htm |title=C-38 Courier |website=www.globalsecurity.org |access-date=24 April 2016 }}

The C-38A was also ordered for the United States Navy, replacing North American T-2 Buckeyes at Naval Air Station Patuxent River beginning in September 2015. Two aircraft remain in service as of 2023, both former 201st Airlift Squadron C-38's. The C-38 is tasked with acting as a chase plane, radar test target, and pilot proficiency aircraft for the test and evaluation squadron VX-20.[http://www.navair.navy.mil/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.NavairNewsStory&id=6069 T-2C Buckeye ends 56-year Navy career] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151003115053/http://www.navair.navy.mil/index.cfm?fuseaction=home.NavairNewsStory&id=6069 |date=3 October 2015 }} Naval Air Systems Command

In 2012, an IAI Astra operated by the Eritrean Air Force as the Eritrean presidential aircraft was stolen by two pilots, both serving Eritrean Air Force officers. They flew the Astra to Saudi Arabia and requested political asylum after landing at Jizan Regional Airport.{{cite news |last=Oliva |first=Leandro |url=https://www.businessinsider.com/air-force-captains-steal-eritrean-presidential-jet-defect-to-saudi-arabia-2012-10?r=US&IR=T |title=REPORT: Air Force Captains Steal Eritrean Presidential Jet, Defect to Saudi Arabia |website=Business Insider |publisher=Allure Media |date=7 October 2012 |access-date=20 April 2018 |archive-date=20 April 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180420135731/https://www.businessinsider.com.au/air-force-captains-steal-eritrean-presidential-jet-defect-to-saudi-arabia-2012-10?r=US&IR=T |url-status=live }}

File:Gulfstream Aerospace G150 - JBM.jpg

;IAI 1125 Astra: Original version, powered by two {{convert|16.46|kN|lbf}} Garrett TFE731-3A-200G turbofans.Lambert 1993, pp. 182–183. A total of 32 built.Jackson 2003, p. 623.

;IAI 1125 Astra SP: Version with modified aerodynamics (giving {{convert|53|nmi|mi km}} increase in range), improved avionics and revised interior.Lambert 1993, p. 182. A total of 36 built from 1990.Jackson 2003, pp. 622–623.

;IAI 1125 Astra SPX: More powerful ({{convert|18.90|kN|lbf}} Honeywell TFE-731-40R-200G) engines and fitted with winglets. Increased weights and range.

:*Gulfstream G100

:marketing name of the IAI 1125 after the programme was taken over by Gulfstream Aerospace in 2001. A total of 77 Astra SPX and G100 aircraft were built.{{cite web|last=Gerzanics|first=Mike |title=FLIGHT TEST: Gulfstream G150 – Space Machine |publisher=Flightglobal |date=28 February 2006|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/flight-test-gulfstream-g150-space-machine-205152/ }}

;{{visible anchor|Gulfstream G150}}: Improved version of G100 with wider and longer cabin, a revised nose and uprated ({{convert|19.7|kN|lbf}}) engines. Nearly 120 were in service in 2016.

• On March 10 2024, an IAI 1125 Astra SP registration N1125A crashed on approach to Ingalls Field Airport, Hot Springs, Virginia. It struck trees and hillside terrain short of the runway. The aircraft was owned and operated by SkyJet Elite and had 5 people on board at the time of the accident.{{Cite web |title=Accident IAI 1125 Astra SP N1125A |url=https://aviation-safety.net/wikibase/354203 |access-date=2024-03-25 |website=aviation-safety.net}}{{Cite web |title=N1125A (1990 ISRAEL AIRCRAFT INDUSTRIES 1125 WESTWIND ASTRA owned by AVIATION TRUST COMPANY LLC TRUSTEE) Aircraft Registration |url=http://www.flightaware.com/resources/registration/N1125A |access-date=2024-03-25 |website=FlightAware |language=en}}

;{{flag|Eritrea}}

• Eritrean Air Force one 1125 Astra aircraft operated as presidential transport

;{{flag|India}}

• Indian Air Force operates two Gulfstream G100s.Hoyle Flight International 8–14 December 2015, p. 39.

;{{flag|Taiwan}}

• AIDC operates one Astra SPX aircraft as a target tug{{cite web |title=TRADE REGISTERS |url=http://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.php |website=armstrade.sipri.org |publisher=SIPRI |access-date=28 May 2019 |archive-date=14 April 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100414022558/http://armstrade.sipri.org/armstrade/page/trade_register.php |url-status=dead }}

;{{flag|United States}}

• United States Navy operates two former USAF C-38A Astra SPX
• VX-20 – Naval Air Station Patuxent River, Maryland{{cite web |title=NAVAIR C-38 |url=https://www.navair.navy.mil/product/C-38 |website=navair.navy.mil |access-date=6 January 2023}}

{{Aircraft specs

|ref=Jane's All The World's Aircraft 2003–2004Jackson 2003, pp. 623–624.

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• Fuel consumption: 1750 lb. per hour{{cite web |url= http://aviationweek.com/bca/honeywell-s-super-midsize-htf7000-engine |title= Honeywell's Super-Midsize HTF7000 Engine |date= 27 October 2016 |author= David Esler |work= Business & Commercial Aviation |publisher= Aviation Week}}

|avionics=*Collins Pro Line 4

}}

{{aircontent

|related=

• Gulfstream G200

|similar aircraft=

• Learjet 75
• Cessna Citation Latitude

|lists=

|see also=

}}

{{Reflist}}

• {{cite magazine|last=Hoyle |first=Craig |title= World Air Forces Directory |magazine=Flight International |date=8–14 December 2015 |volume=188 |issue=5517 |pages=26–53|issn=0015-3710}}
• {{cite book|editor-last=Jackson|editor-first=Paul|title=Jane's All The World's Aircraft 2003–2004|year=2003 |publisher=Jane's Information Group |location=Coulsdon, UK| isbn=0-7106-2537-5}}
• {{cite book|editor-last=Lambert|editor-first=Mark|title=Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1993–1994 |year=1993 |publisher=Jane's Data Division |location=Coulsdon, UK|isbn=0-7106-1066-1}}
• {{cite magazine|last=Relman|first=Paul|title=IAI Astra: Israel's star-struck biz jet|magazine=Air International|date=December 1993|volume=45|issue=6|pages=313–319|issn=0306-5634}}

{{commons category|IAI Astra}}

• {{cite web |url= http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/c-38.htm |publisher= Globalsecurity.org |title= C-38 Courier

|date= 7 July 2011}}

• {{cite news |url= http://d16bsf97ryvc45.cloudfront.net/Media/2013/01/g150.pdf |title= Gulfstream's Generous G150 |work= Business & Commercial Aviation |date= November 2005}}

{{Gulfstream}}

{{IAI aircraft}}

{{US transport aircraft}}

Category:1980s Israeli business aircraft

Category:Twinjets

G100

Category:Aircraft first flown in 1994

Category:Low-wing aircraft

Category:Cruciform tail aircraft

Category:Aircraft with retractable tricycle landing gear