Gung ho
{{Short description|Term or catch phrase meaning extremely enthusiastic}}
{{Italic title}}
{{Other uses|Gung Ho (disambiguation){{!}}Gung Ho}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
Gung ho ({{IPAc-en|ɡ|ʌ|ŋ|ˈ|h|oʊ}}) is an English term, with the current meaning of 'enthusiastic or energetic', especially overly so. It originated during the Second Sino-Japanese War (1937–1945) from a Chinese term, {{wikt-lang|zh|工合}} ({{lang-zh|hp=gōnghé|l=to work together}}), short for Chinese Industrial Cooperatives ({{lang-zh|c=工業合作社|hp=Gōngyè Hézuòshè}}).{{cite web |url=http://www.languagehat.com/archives/000576.php |title=Yingzi and 'Gung Ho' |website=LanguageHat.com |date=2003-05-04 |access-date=2020-06-04}}{{cite web|url=http://www.randomhouse.com/wotd/index.pperl?date=19980126|title=gung-ho|work=The Mavens' Word of the Day|publisher=Random House|date=26 January 1998|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010730230331/http://www.randomhouse.com/wotd/index.pperl?date=19980126|url-status=dead|archive-date=2001-07-30}}
Overview
The linguist Albert Moe concluded that the term is an "Americanism that is derived from the Chinese, but its several accepted American meanings have no resemblance whatsoever to the recognized meaning in the original language", and that its "various linguistic uses, as they have developed in the United States, have been peculiar to American speech". In Chinese, concludes Moe, "this is neither a slogan nor a battle cry; it is only a name for an organization".{{cite journal |last=Moe |first=Albert F. |title=Gung Ho |journal=American Speech |date=February 1967 |volume=42 |issue=1 |pages=19–30 |doi=10.2307/454114 |jstor=454114}}
The term was picked up by United States Marine Corps Major Evans Carlson from his New Zealand friend, Rewi Alley, one of the founders of the Chinese Industrial Cooperatives. Carlson explained in a 1943 interview: "I was trying to build up the same sort of working spirit I had seen in China where all the soldiers dedicated themselves to one idea and worked together to put that idea over. I told the boys about it again and again. I told them of the motto of the Chinese Cooperatives, Gung Ho. It means Work Together — Work in Harmony."{{cite magazine |last=Burke |first=Don |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=UlAEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA58 |title=Carlson of the Raiders |magazine=Life |volume=15|number=12 |date=20 September 1943 |page=58|access-date=2020-06-04}}
Carlson used gung ho as a motto during his unconventional command of the 2nd Marine Raider Battalion, leading to other marines adopting the term to mean overly enthusiastic. From there, it spread throughout the U.S. Marine Corps, where it was used as an expression of spirit, and then into American society as a whole when the term was the title of a 1943 war film, Gung Ho!, about the 2nd Raider Battalion's raid on Makin Island in 1942.{{Cite news|last=Kung|first=Jess |url=https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2019/10/18/406693323/the-long-strange-journey-of-gung-ho|title=The Long, Strange Journey Of 'Gung-Ho'|publisher=NPR|date=18 October 2019|access-date=2020-06-04}}
See also
References
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External links
{{Wiktionary|gung ho}}
- {{cite web |url=http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/gung-ho |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120707205628/http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/gung-ho |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 July 2012 |title=Gung-Ho |work=Oxford Dictionaries}}
- {{cite web |url=http://www.chinapage.com/word/gungho.html |title=Gung Ho |work=ChinaPage.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080512011409/http://www.chinapage.com/word/gungho.html |archive-date=12 May 2008 }}
- {{cite web |url=https://www.angelfire.com/ca/dickg/gungho.html |title=Gung Ho! According to Evans F. Carlson |last=Gaines |first=R.W. |work=Gunny G's Globe and Anchor |via=Angelfire}}
- {{cite web |url=https://warisboring.com/gung-ho-the-communist-origins-of-the-marine-corps-famous-slogan/ |title=Gung Ho! The Communist Origins of the Marine Corps' Famous Slogan |last=Knodell |first=Kevin |work=War Is Boring |date=17 May 2014}}
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Category:Chinese words and phrases