Gyas

{{For|the hundred-handed giant Gyas, Gyes or Gyges|Hecatoncheires}}

Gyas, a character in Virgil's Aeneid, features most extensively as one of the captains in the boat race in Book 5. He also appears (briefly) in Books 1 and 12. He was claimed as the eponymous ancestor of the Gegania gens, a patrician family of the Roman Republic.

Occurrences

=Book 1=

Gyas is introduced to the reader after Aeneas has landed on the coast of Libya, after the storm dispersed and, he fears, wrecked his fleet. "Intrepid Gyas" is one of the captains whose presumed death he mourns (Aeneid 1.222).

=Book 5=

Gyas is one of the four captains in the boat race in Book 5 of the Aeneid; he commands the Chimaera, and after gaining an early lead, at the halfway point he orders Menoetes, his helmsman, to steer in tightly, but Menoetes, afraid of hitting the reef, takes a wider turn and the Chimaera is passed on the inside by Cloanthus in the Scylla. In anger, Gyas throws Menoetes overboard, to the amusement of the spectators.

Gyas flew out to see first, slipping by others

in all the noise and confusion.

...

...Reaching the marker,

the leading captain, Gyas, seawater swirling

around him, called to the ship's helmsman, Menoetes:

"Why so far to starboard? Alter your course there,

hug that rock....

...

...he grabbed a fretful Menoetes,

forgot good grace and the safety of crewmen,

and threw him headlong down from the high stern in the water. (Aeneid 5.151-152; 159-63; 173-175.)

==Commentary==

Gyas, through his "extraordinary" and "ill-considered" action, forces himself to take up two roles: captain and helmsman. In doing so, he prefigures Aeneas, who will have to do the same thing at the end of Book 5, after Palinurus falls overboard and drowns.Ganiban, p. 383. According to Joseph Farrell, the comparison favors Aeneas.Farrell, p. 231.

The swimming ability of "old man" Menoetes to swim to shore fully clothed, and without the assistance of a magical veil, contrasts with Odysseus's swim to shore and avoidance of the sort of rocks at Phaeacia that Menoetes clambered up onto unaided.{{sfn|McManamon|2021|pp=44–45}}

Gyas was considered the eponymous ancestor of the Gegania gens (the link was made by Maurus Servius Honoratus, a fifth-century grammarian and commentator of Virgil{{sfn|Fratantuono|Smith|2015|p=221}}), but Virgil lists the other three captains (Mnestheus, Sergestus, Cloanthus) along with the families they supposedly founded (the Memmia gens, the Sergia gens, and the Cluentians, respectively), the Gegania, which would have been much less familiar to Virgil's audience than the other families,Fratantuono and Smith, 221. get no such credit, which John Conington found "singular".Conington, note on 118. David Ross, professor of classics at the University of Michigan, also noted Gyas was not directly connected to a gens, and also characterized the description of the Chimaera as "decidedly odd", seeming to be "an aircraft carrier, racing against destroyers".{{sfn|Ross|2008|p=97}}

Joseph Addison wrote in issue 279 of The Spectator that "Sentiments which raise laughter can very seldom be admitted with any decency into an heroic poem [...] I remember but one laugh in the whole Aeneid, which rises in the fifth book upon Menoetes, where he is represented as thrown overboard, and drying himself upon a rock.".{{sfn|Harper|Miller|1892|p=267}}{{sfn|Haan|2005|p=101}} David Ross observed that it is, however, "the laughter of mockery and derision".{{sfn|Ross|2008|p=97}} Professor of Latin at University College London M. M. Willcock concurred that it is "insensitive" and that "[t]o laugh at the unmerited misfortune of another human being is not the highest moral reaction", observing that Menoetes had done nothing deserving of such a reaction from spectators.{{sfn|Willcock|1988|p=10}} Addison's recollection notwithstanding, a second instance of the same mocking laughter occurs when Sergestus brings his boat in.{{sfn|Ross|2008|p=97}}{{sfn|Willcock|1988|p=10}}

=Book 10, possibly=

Through the word "clavus" meaning both tiller and club, the "huge" namesake in 10.317–322 who lays his foes low with a club that belongs to Hercules is linked by scholars to the ship's captain.{{sfn|Lowe|2015|pp=205–206}}

=Book 12=

In Book 12.460, Gyas beheads Ufens (Aeneid 12.460).

Later commentary and references

Minor planet 5637 was discovered by C. S. Shoemaker and E. M. Shoemaker in 1988 and named for Gyas.{{sfn|Schmadel|2013|p=719}}
Edwin Arlington Robinson's sonnet titled "Menoetes", first published in the Harvard Advocate of 1892-03-15, is based upon this incident:{{sfn|Gale|2006|p=128}} "Who is this fellow floundering in the wave / Flung from the Trojan galley thundering by?"{{sfn|Robinson|1975|p=172}}
Richard Anthony Salisbury chose Gyas as the name for a botanical genus, naming orchid species such as Gyas verecunda,{{sfn|Salisbury|1812|p=299}} Gyas florida,{{sfn|Salisbury|1812|p=299}} and Gyas humilis.{{sfn|Salisbury|1812|p=300}} However, this was superseded by Robert Brown's name Bletia.{{sfn|Drapiez|1853|p=281}}

References

Bibliography

{{Wikisource|1=Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Gegania Gens|2="Gegania Gens"}}

{{cite book |first=John |last=Conington |authorlink=John Conington |title=Commentary on Vergil's Aeneid |volume=1 |location=London |publisher=Whittaker and Co |year=1876 |url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text;jsessionid=BE6A22622B3352B87EE69A3101F7F772?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0050%3Abook%3D5%3Acommline%3D118}}
{{cite dictionary|article=Gyas|dictionary=Les trois règnes de la nature: dictionnaire classique des sciences naturelles|volume=5|language=fr|author1-first=Pierre-Auguste-Joseph|author1-last=Drapiez|publisher=Meline, Cans et Ce, libraires-éditeurs|year=1853|location=Brussels}}
{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6-APEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA231 |title=Juno's Aeneid: A Battle for Heroic Identity |volume=1 |series=Martin Classical Lectures |first=Joseph |last=Farrell |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=2021 |isbn=9780691211176}}
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{{cite book |title=The Aeneid |author=Virgil |translator-first=Edward |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WWGyJAOSQnkC |translator-last=McCrorie |publisher=University of Michigan Press |year=1995 |isbn=9780472065950}}
{{cite book|title=Proceedings of the Virgil Society|volume=19|chapter=Homer's Chariot Race and Virgil's Boat Race|url=http://digitalvirgil.co.uk/pvs/1988/full.pdf|year=1988|author1-first=M. M.|author1-last=Willcock|editor1-first=Herbert H.|editor1-last=Huxley}}