Gybson's Conduit

Prior to the creation of the conduit, in 1547 the people of Norwich were granted access to a common lane which allowed them right of access to Saint Lawrence's spring.{{Cite book |last=Ayers |first=Brian |title=Medieval East Anglia |date= |publisher=Boydell Press |year=2005 |isbn=978-1-84383-151-8 |editor-last=Harper-Bill |editor-first=Christopher |location=Woodbridge, Suffolk |pages=79 |chapter=Understanding the Urban Environment}} This was under the condition that they gated the lane and kept this gate closed at night.{{Cite book |last=Pelling |first=Margaret |title=Norwich since 1550 |last2= |first2= |date= |publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |year=2004 |isbn=978-0-8264-4020-4 |editor-last=Rawcliffe |editor-first=Carole |location=London |chapter=Health and Sanitation to 1750 |editor-last2=Wilson |editor-first2=Richard}}

Robert Gibson, a wealthy brewer and Sheriff of Norwich, acquired the land on which the spring resided, taking it into private ownership, in 1576 or 1577, under the condition that he install a pump to bring water from the well for parishioners through a lead cock, or conduit. He thus closed this lane and built the conduit in the same time frame, initially named Saynt Laurens Wel (Saint Lawrence's Well).{{Cite book |last=Rattue |first=James |title=The Living Stream: Holy Wells in Historical Context |publisher=The Boydell Press |year=2001 |isbn=9780851158488 |location=United Kingdom |pages=111}} It was intended to bring water from Saint Lawrence's spring to the local population. Historian Brian Ayers has said that its construction may have been a display of Gybson's generosity to the people as well as his power over their basic needs, consolidating his own status as a man of influence. An inscription on the conduit reads:

File:Gybson's Conduit (detail) - geograph.org.uk - 5874134.jpg style and an inscribed poem]]

Gybson hath it soughte

From Saynt Laurens Wel

And his charg this wrowghte

Who now here doe dwel

Thy case was his cost, not smal,

Vouchsafed wel of those

Which thankful be his Worke to se,

And thereto be no Foes.

In 1578, the conduit was renamed to Gybson's Well, possibly due to a removal of clerical sponsorship to the well. In 1602, Gybson defied precautions against the plague when he was an alderman, contradicting his proclaimed benevolence toward the public health. The conduit was eventually reinstalled on the wall of Lower Westwick Street's Anchor Brewery, a building which was largely built in the 1860s.{{Cite web |title=Anchor Brewery, Coslany Square |url=https://www.heritage.norfolk.gov.uk/record-details?MNF26490-Anchor-Brewery-Coslany-Square |access-date=2025-03-29 |website=Norfolk Heritage Explorer}}

Having initially faced south into Westwick Street, it was reset in a boundary wall during the 1980s, during the building of the Anchor Quay development, and now faces north into the development's central courtyard. It was then purchased from the Crown Estate by the Norwich Preservation Trust using a grant from the Norwich Society. It was restored from 2009 to 2011 by the Trust, with financial assistance from English Heritage, the John Jarrold Trust, the Paul Bassham Charitable Trust and Norfolk County Council. This was the first restoration of a scheduled monument by the Trust, involving the repair of extensive water damage and vandalism as well as detailed replication of the original paintwork.

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Category:Water wells in England

Category:Scheduled monuments in Norfolk