Gymnopus

{{Automatic taxobox

| image = Gymnopus dryophilus - Lindsey.jpg

| image_caption = Gymnopus dryophilus

| taxon = Gymnopus

| authority = (Pers.) Roussel (1806)

| type_species = Gymnopus fusipes

| type_species_authority = (Bull.) Gray (1821)

| synonyms_ref =

| synonyms = Dictyoploca (Mont.) Pat. (1890)

| subdivision_ranks = Species

| subdivision = {{center|~ 300}}

}}

Gymnopus is a genus of fungus in the family Omphalotaceae. The genus has a widespread, cosmopolitan distribution and contains about 300 species.{{cite book |vauthors=Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA |title=Dictionary of the Fungi |edition=10th |publisher=CABI |location=Wallingford, UK |year=2008 |page=298 |isbn=978-0-85199-826-8}}

History and classification

The type species for Gymnopus, Gymnopus fusipes, dates back to 1806 [(Pers.) Roussel].de Roussel, Henri François Anne (1806). Flore du Calvados et terrains adjacents, composée suivant la méthode de Jussieu [Flora of Calvados and adjacent areas, according to the method of Jussieu] (in French) (2nd ed.). Caen: Poisson. p. 62. Many of the species now classified in the Gymnopus genera were once assigned to Collybia. In 1997 it was suggested that the genus Collybia be split into three genera, one of them being Gymnopus.{{Cite web|url=http://www.mycobank.org/BioloMICS.aspx?TableKey=14682616000000061&Rec=4467&Fields=All|title=Antonín, V.; Noordeloos, M.E. 1997. A monograph of Marasmius, Collybia and related genera in Europe. Part 2: Collybia, Gymnopus, Rhodocollybia, Crinipellis, Chaetocalathus, and additions to Marasmiellus. Libri Botanici. 17:1-256|website=www.mycobank.org|access-date=2019-03-28}}{{Cite journal|author=Mata, JL|author2=Ovrebo, C|name-list-style=amp|date=2009|title=New reports and illustrations of Gymnopus for Costa Rica and Panama|url=http://www.fungaldiversity.org/fdp/sfdp/FD38-7.pdf|journal=Fungal Diversity|volume=38|pages=125–131}}

Description

In general, Gymnopus fruiting bodies are found in leaf and woody litter. Typically the fruiting bodies are relatively small and range from browns to white in color.{{Cite journal|last1=Murphy|first1=John F.|last2=Miller|first2=Orson K.|date=1993|title=The Population Biology of Two Litter Decomposing Agarics on a Southern Appalachian Mountain|journal=Mycologia|volume=85|issue=5|pages=769–776|doi=10.2307/3760608|issn=0027-5514|jstor=3760608}} Their spore deposit is white.{{Cite book|title=Funga Nordica|author=H Knudsen|author2=J Vesterholt|publisher=Nordsvamp|year=2012|isbn=978-87-983961-3-0|location=Copenhagen|pages=342}} Most species of gymnopus act as decomposers (saprotrophic).{{Cite journal|author=RH Petersen|author2=KW Hughes|name-list-style=amp|title=New North American species of Gymnopus|journal=North American Fungi|date=2014|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282727340|volume=9|pages=1–22|doi=10.2509/naf2014.009.003|doi-access=free}} With one known exception (G. subnudus), the mating patterns of gymnopus all seem to be bifactorial, meaning that there is more than one locus responsible for regulating mating compatibility.{{Cite journal|author=BPS Nieuwenhuis|author2=S Billiard|author3=S Vuilleumier|author4=E Petit|author5=ME Hood|author6=T Giraud|name-list-style=amp|date=2013|title=Evolution of uni- and bifactorial sexual compatibility systems in fungi|journal=Heredity (Edinb)|volume=111|issue=6|pages=445–455|pmc=3833681|pmid=23838688|doi=10.1038/hdy.2013.67}}{{Cite journal|author=JL Mata|author2=RE Halling|author3=RH Petersen|date=2004|title=New species and mating system reports in Gymnopus (Agaricales) from Costa Rica|url=http://www.fungaldiversity.org/fdp/sfdp/16-3.pdf|journal=Fungal Diversity|volume=16|pages=113–129}}

Gymnopus

History and classification

Description

Representative species

References

Further reading