Gyro Motor Company

In 1901, inventor Emile Berliner (1851–1929) began building experimental helicopters that used Addams-Farwell rotary engine.

The Gyro Motor Company was formed in 1909 by Emile Berliner to make rotary engines. His designs were improvements of the Addams-Farwell rotary engine Berliner used in early helicopter experiments. The engines at the time of his 1901 experiments generated just one horsepower per 20 pounds of weight. Addams-Farwell built a custom engine that weighed three to four pounds per hp. Berliner donated the engine to the National Air and Space Museum, and pursued his own advanced version.{{cite journal|journal=Aeronautics|date=November 1913|title=Revolving cylinder motors|author=Emile Berliner}} He built a small factory on 774 Girard Street in Washington, D.C., next to another small factory for his Victor record players.{{cite web|title=Adams-Farwell Engine|url=http://airandspace.si.edu/collections/artifact.cfm?id=A19130001000|accessdate=9 July 2012}}

Gyro incorporated with $100,000 in stock in 1911.{{cite journal|journal=The Automotive Manufacturer |volume=52|date=January 1911}} It produced 3-, 5- and 7-cylinder models of the rotary engine, each with the same bore and stroke.{{cite journal|journal=Aero and hydro America's aviation weekly by Edmond Percy Noël, Aero Club of Illinois|date=10 February 1912|page=388}} His engines had a 40-pound cast nickel-steel cylinder assembly that was machined down to 6 1/2 pounds with spiraling cooling fins for strength.{{cite book|title=Gas, gasoline and oil engines, including complete gas engine glossary|author=John B. Rathbun|page=133}} Emile experimented with graphite powder suspended in the fuel as a method of light-weight lubrication. A monoplane built by the Washington Aeroplane Company set an American endurance record with a Gyro Seven cylinder engine of 4 hours and 23 minutes in the air.{{cite book|title=Automobile Journal |volume=34|page=68}}

In December 1912, Berliner traveled to Germany and set up a German manufacturing component in Adlershof to market the Gyro engines with a $500,000 capitalization.{{cite journal|journal=Aero and Hydro|date=14 December 1912|page=198}} In London, pilot Beatty demonstrated a Wright aircraft retrofitted with a 50-hp Gyro engine.{{cite journal|journal=Aeronautics|date=September 1913}} The Gyro progressed to 80-hp in the seven-cylinder model by 1913, and up to 110 hp in the Model L nine cylinder "Duplex" with a unique cam-driven exhaust valve. The French Gnome Omega and future variants proved to be more popular in sales. Motorenfabrik Oberursel developed its own rotary from the Gnome Monosoupape that would power many World War I fighters. In June 1914, Berliner's nephew, Joseph Sanders, became the general manager. Sanders purchased the assets in May 1917, forming the Gyro Company.{{cite book|title=Who's who in the nation's capital|page=448}} Gyro motor production ended during World War I, when a flood of advanced designs were introduced to the market.

• Gnome et Rhône

{{Reflist}}

Category:Aviation in Washington, D.C.