HMS Astute (S119)
{{short description|Lead boat of her class nuclear-powered attack submarine of the Royal Navy}}
{{other ships|HMS Astute}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
| {{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image | Ship image = Royal Navy Submarine HMS Astute Returns to HMNB Clyde MOD 45153733.jpg | Ship caption = HMS Astute returning to HMNB Clyde, 2012 }} {{Infobox ship career | Hide header = | Ship country = United Kingdom | Ship flag = {{shipboxflag|United Kingdom|naval}} | Ship name = HMS Astute | Ship ordered = March 1997 | Ship awarded = | Ship builder = *BAE Systems Submarine Solutions, | Ship sponsor = The Queen | Ship laid down = 31 January 2001 | Ship launched = 8 June 2007 | Ship christened = | Ship acquired = | Ship commissioned = 27 August 2010{{cite web | url=http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/DefenceNews/EquipmentAndLogistics/UksMostPowerfulSubmarineJoinsTheNavy.htm | title=UK's most powerful submarine joins the Navy | date=27 August 2010 | publisher=Ministry of Defence}} | Ship recommissioned = | Ship decommissioned = | Ship in service = May 2014 | Ship out of service = | Ship renamed = | Ship reclassified = | Ship refit = | Ship captured = | Ship struck = | Ship reinstated = | Ship fate = | Ship homeport = HM Naval Base Clyde | Ship identification = Pennant number: S119 | Ship badge = 100px }} {{Infobox ship characteristics | Hide header = | Header caption = | Ship class = {{sclass|Astute|submarine|0}} fleet submarine | Ship displacement = *Surfaced: 7,000 to {{convert|7400|t|abbr=on}}{{cite book|last=Bush|first=Steve|title=British Warships and Auxiliaries|year=2014|publisher=Maritime Books|pages=10–11 |isbn=978-1904459552}}{{cite web|title=Astute-class attack submarines|url=http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/the-equipment/submarines/fleet-submarines/astute-class|website=royalnavy.mod.uk|publisher=Royal Navy|access-date=27 July 2016}} | Ship length = {{convert|97|m|ftin|abbr=on}} | Ship beam = {{convert|11.3|m|ftin|abbr=on}} | Ship height = | Ship draught = {{convert|10|m|ftin|abbr=on}} | Ship power = | Ship propulsion =
| Ship speed = {{convert|30|kn|abbr=on|lk=in}}, submerged | Ship range = Unlimited{{cite web|title=BAE Systems – Astute class submarines|url=http://www.baesystems.com/en/product/astute-class-submarines-enhanced|website=baesystems.com|publisher=BAE Systems|access-date=25 July 2016}} | Ship test depth = Over {{convert|300|m|ftin|abbr=on}} | Ship complement = 98 (capacity for 109) | Ship sensors =
| Ship EW = | Ship armament =
| Ship armour = | Ship aircraft = | Ship aircraft facilities = | Ship notes = }} |
HMS Astute is an operational nuclear-powered attack
submarine in the Royal Navy, the lead boat of her class.
Astute is the second submarine of the Royal Navy to be named after the characteristic of shrewdness and discernment—the first was the World War II-era {{sclass|Amphion|submarine|0}} {{HMS|Astute|P447|2}}. She was the largest attack submarine in Royal Navy history when commissioned in 2010.
Design
{{further|Astute-class submarine}}
Built as a successor to the {{sclass|Trafalgar|submarine|4}}, Astute is 50% larger than the T-boats but has a smaller crew. The 7,400-tonne Astute{{'}}s nuclear reactor will not need to be refuelled during the vessel's 25-year service. Since the submarine can purify water and air, she is able to circumnavigate the planet without resurfacing.{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-20659823|title= HMS Astute recovers from shaky start| publisher = BBC News | date = 10 December 2012 | access-date=2 June 2013}} The main limit is that the submarine can only carry three months' supply of food for 98 crew.{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-11173266|title= New submarine in a class of its own | publisher = BBC News | date = 3 December 2010 | access-date=2 June 2013}}
Astute has stowage for 38 weapons and was expected to typically carry both Spearfish heavy torpedoes and Tomahawk Block IV cruise missiles, the latter costing £870,000 each.{{cite web |title=House of Commons Hansard – Written Answers for Daily Hansard – Written Answers 17 May 2011|url=https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201011/cmhansrd/cm110517/text/110517w0001.htm |publisher=UK Parliament |date=17 May 2011 |access-date=6 November 2011}}
Construction and launch
{{Stack|float=left|File:Astute2cropped.jpg after launch]]}}
Astute was ordered from GEC's Marconi Marine (now BAE Systems Submarines) on 17 March 1997. She was laid down at BAE's submarine facility in Barrow-in-Furness on 31 January 2001, 100 years to the day after the keel was laid down for the Royal Navy's first submarine {{HMS|Holland 1||2}}.{{cite web |url=http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/The-Fleet/Submarines/Fleet-Submarines/Astute-Class/HMS-Astute|title= HMS Astute| publisher = Royal Navy | access-date=2 June 2013}} She was the first submarine built in the UK since HMS Vengeance (launched in 1998).{{cite web |url=http://www.princeofwales.gov.uk/news-and-diary/hrh-visits-hms-astute-barrow-furness|title= HRH visits HMS Astute in Barrow-in-Furness| publisher = Clarence House | access-date=2 June 2013}}
Astute was launched on 8 June 2007 by the then Duchess of Cornwall, 43 months behind schedule.{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/06/03/nweek103.xml|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080128182033/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/06/03/nweek103.xml|url-status=dead|archive-date=28 January 2008|title=This week| newspaper = The Daily Telegraph| date = 4 June 2007 | access-date=4 June 2007 | location=London}} The launch attracted more than 10,000 spectators.{{cite web|url=http://www.baesystems.com/Newsroom/NewsReleases/autoGen_1075813118.html|title=Royal Launch for First of Class Astute Submarine (News Release)|publisher = BAE Systems | date = 8 June 2007 | access-date=24 July 2007 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20070713122430/http://www.baesystems.com/Newsroom/NewsReleases/autoGen_1075813118.html |archive-date = 13 July 2007}} Her builders BAE Systems described her as "the largest and most able attack submarine that the Royal Navy has operated, with a performance to rival any in the world".{{cite web | url=http://production.investis.com/astute/about/need/ | title=The Astute Launch – The Need | publisher=BAE Systems | year=2007 | access-date=6 November 2011}}
Astute left Barrow on 15 November 2009{{cite web|url=http://www.nwemail.co.uk/home/astute_leaves_barrow_1_636740?referrerPath=news/1.265773|title=Astute leaves Barrow|work=North West Evening Mail|date=16 November 2009|access-date=16 November 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140930000514/http://www.nwemail.co.uk/home/astute_leaves_barrow_1_636740?referrerPath=news%2F1.265773|archive-date=30 September 2014|url-status=dead}} and on 20 November 2009, arrived at her home port of HMNB Clyde at Faslane.{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/scotland/glasgow_and_west/8369269.stm|title= Astute Submarine Arrives at Faslane on the Clyde| publisher = BBC News | date = 20 November 2009 | access-date=20 November 2009}}
Sea trials and commission
On 16 February 2010 Astute left Faslane for sea trials and dived for the first time on 18 February 2010.{{cite web |url=http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/operations-and-support/submarine-service/fleet-submarines-ssn/astute-class/hms-astute/news/astutes-first-dive/*/changeNav/3533/noRedirect/1|title= Astute{{'}}s First Dive| publisher = Royal Navy | access-date=18 March 2010}} HMS Astute was commissioned on 27 August 2010, when she was given her HMS prefix, in a ceremony watched over by her patron the Duchess of Cornwall.{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/6733777.stm|title=New UK nuclear submarine launched| publisher = BBC | access-date=3 June 2013|date=8 June 2007}} She was delivered to the Royal Navy on 18 July 2013 and at that time was reported to be, "nearing the end of her sea trials."{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/sixth-astute-class-submarine-keel-laid|title=Sixth Astute Class submarine keel laid|publisher=gov.uk|quote=It comes as MOD announces that the first 2 of the 7 Astute Class submarines, HMS Astute and HMS Ambush, are nearing completion of their extensive sea trials and have been handed over to the Royal Navy to begin to prepare for operations|date=18 July 2013|access-date=19 July 2013}} In reality, the Royal Navy declared Astute to be fully operational in May 2014, some 13 years after being laid down.{{cite web | url=http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/our-organisation/the-fighting-arms/submarine-service/fleet-submarines/astute-class/hms-astute | title=HMS Astute | publisher=Royal Navy | access-date=19 May 2014}}
Operational history
=Aground on Skye=
File:HMS Astute Anglian Prince Skye.JPG
On 22 October 2010, the Ministry of Defence confirmed that Astute had "run into difficulties" off the Isle of Skye while on trials, after eyewitnesses reported that she had run aground a few miles from the Skye Bridge. There were no reports of injuries.{{cite news |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-highlands-islands-11605365 |title= Nuclear submarine HMS Astute runs aground off Skye| publisher = BBC News | date = 22 October 2010 | access-date=22 October 2010}} The captain of the vessel elected to wait for tugboat assistance rather than using the submarine's own power to clear the stern from the obstruction, to minimise damage to the hull's anechoic tiles.{{cite news |title=HMS Astute: world's most advanced nuclear submarine runs aground |author=Harding, Thomas |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/defence/8079960/HMS-Astute-worlds-most-advanced-nuclear-submarine-runs-aground.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101024203336/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/newstopics/politics/defence/8079960/HMS-Astute-worlds-most-advanced-nuclear-submarine-runs-aground.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 October 2010 |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|date=22 October 2010 |access-date=22 October 2010 |location=London}} A Royal Navy spokesman said that the vessel had been grounded on silt and was re-floated at high tide.[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-highlands-islands-11609870 Grounded nuclear sub dragged free]. (22 October 2010) BBC News. Retrieved 22 October 2010 The Maritime and Coastguard Agency-chartered emergency tow vessel Anglian Prince was dispatched to the scene from Stornoway.{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-highlands-islands-11606046|title=Scrap-threatened tug sent to submarine HMS Astute|publisher=BBC News|date=22 October 2010|access-date=22 October 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101025160938/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-highlands-islands-11606046|url-status=live|archive-date=25 October 2010}}
The submarine returned under her own power to Faslane, where the damage was described as minor.{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-highlands-islands-11619310|title=Grounded nuclear submarine HMS Astute returns to base|publisher=BBC|date=25 October 2010|access-date=8 November 2010}} A service inquiry concluded that the main cause of the grounding was not following navigation procedures combined with the watch officer not appreciating the proximity of danger.{{Cite journal |url=https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/service-inquiry-report-into-the-grounding-of-hms-astute-on-22-october-2010 |title=Service Inquiry Report Into the Grounding of HMS ASTUTE on 22 October 2010 |publisher=Ministry of Defence |date=1 January 2011 |access-date=16 July 2013}} On 27 October 2010, the Royal Navy announced that Commander Andy Coles had been relieved of his command of Astute.{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-highlands-islands-11853493|title=Grounded HMS Astute nuclear sub chief loses command|publisher=BBC|date=27 October 2010|access-date=27 November 2010}} Commander Iain Breckenridge previously commanded the submarine {{HMS|Tireless|S88|6}}, and the Navy announced in December 2010 that he would take command.{{cite news |title=State-of-the-art Astute visits Southampton |url=http://www.navynews.co.uk/news/1143-state-of-the-art-astute-visits-southampton.aspx |publisher=Navy News |date=5 April 2011 |access-date=11 April 2011 |archive-date=29 April 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429183334/http://www.navynews.co.uk/news/1143-state-of-the-art-astute-visits-southampton.aspx |url-status=dead }} Astute had to return to port for repairs on 11 December 2010, on her first day back at sea after the grounding incident, due to a problem with her steam plant.{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-11977871|title=Grounded nuclear submarine HMS Astute 'breaks down'|publisher=BBC|date=11 December 2010|access-date=12 December 2010}}
=2011 fatal shooting=
File:HMS Astute-Southampton Docks.JPG on 8 April 2011, the day of the shooting.]]
On 8 April 2011, one naval officer was killed and another injured in a shooting on board Astute while berthed at Southampton Docks. Southampton City Council's leader, chief executive, and mayor were on board at the time. During a changeover of armed guards, 22-year old Able Seaman Ryan Donovan opened fire with an SA80 assault rifle in the submarine's control room, hitting two officers before being overpowered by Southampton Council's leader Royston Smith (a former RAF flight engineer), and chief executive Alistair Neill.{{cite news|url=http://www.dailyecho.co.uk/news/8963864.Fatal_shooting_on_nuclear_sub_in_Southampton_docks/|title=Fatal shooting on HMS Astute in Southampton docks|date=8 April 2011|access-date=8 April 2011}}{{cite news |title=HMS Astute shooting: Nuclear submarine guard kills officer in rifle rampage |author=Thomas Harding, Gordon Rayner & Victoria Ward|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/defence/8439401/HMS-Astute-shooting-Nuclear-submarine-guard-kills-officer-in-rifle-rampage.html |date= 8 April 2011|access-date=11 April 2011 |work=The Daily Telegraph|location=London}}
In the 48 hours before going on guard duty, Donovan had drunk 20 pints of cider and lager, as well as cocktails and double vodkas, leaving him well beyond the drink-drive limit when on duty. Heavy drinking before duties was common practice amongst the crew.{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2013/jan/09/binge-drinking-submarine-fatal-shooting |title=Binge drinking on submarine shocks police investigating fatal shooting |newspaper=The Guardian|date=9 January 2013 |access-date=10 January 2013 |location=London}}{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-21458437|title=BBC News – Submariners punished for drunken misconduct|work=BBC Online|access-date=15 February 2013|date=15 February 2013}} According to Smith:
{{blockquote|text="We were in the control room when someone entered and there was an exchange of words. He stepped out with another man and two shots were fired and then he entered the control room again and began shooting again…. He had a magazine with 30 rounds in it so I took the view that someone had to stop him. I pushed him against the wall and we wrestled, then I pushed him into another wall which resulted in him going to the ground and I managed to get the weapon from him and threw it aside under a table. I shouted for someone to help as I held him down and my chief executive was the first to come, and he did a remarkable job of restraining him."|sign=Royston Smith|source=BBC interview{{cite news|url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-hampshire-13022096|title=Council boss 'disarmed gunman' on nuclear submarine|publisher=BBC|date=8 April 2011|access-date=8 April 2011}}}}
Lieutenant Commander Ian Molyneux, Astute{{'}}s weapons engineering officer, was killed.{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/defence/8439401/HMS-Astute-shooting-Nuclear-submarine-guard-kills-officer-in-rifle-rampage.html|title=HMS Astute shooting: Nuclear submarine guard kills officer in rifle rampage|work=The Daily Telegraph|date=8 April 2011|access-date=8 April 2011|location=London|first1=Thomas|last1=Harding|first2=Gordon|last2=Rayner|first3=Victoria|last3=Ward}} Donovan was arrested by Hampshire Constabulary officers{{cite news|url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-hampshire-13014640|title=One killed in HMS Astute nuclear submarine shooting|publisher=BBC|date=8 April 2011|access-date=8 April 2011}}{{cite news|url=http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23939924-officer-is-shot-dead-on-nuclear-submarine.do|title=Officer is shot dead on Royal Navy nuclear submarine|work=Evening Standard|location=London|date=8 April 2011|access-date=8 April 2011}} and was charged with the murder of Molyneux and the attempted murder of Petty Officer Christopher Brown, Chief Petty Officer David McCoy, and Lieutenant Commander Christopher Hodge.{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-13029539|title=Nuclear submarine sailor charged with murder|date=10 April 2011|access-date=10 April 2011|publisher=BBC News}} He admitted to the murder of Molyneux and three counts of attempted murder; he was sentenced at Winchester Court on 19 September 2011 to life imprisonment and must serve a minimum of 25 years.{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-14971198|title=Sailor who murdered officer on submarine HMS Astute jailed for life|publisher=BBC News|date=19 September 2011|access-date=19 September 2011}}
On 23 March 2012, Ian Molyneux, Royston Smith, and Alistair Neill were awarded the George Medal for gallantry.{{cite news |title=Posthumous George Medal for shot submariner Ian Molyneux |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-hampshire-17485653 |date=23 March 2012 |access-date=23 March 2012 |publisher=BBC News}}{{London Gazette|issue=60095 |supp=y|page=5852|date=23 March 2012}}{{London Gazette|issue=60096 |supp=y|page=5855|date=23 March 2012}} Molyneux's widow received the Elizabeth Cross in April 2013.{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-manchester-22315050|title=Wife of shot submariner Ian Molyneux accepts Elizabeth Cross |date=26 April 2013 |work=BBC Online|access-date=12 November 2016}}
=Weapons trials=
File:US Navy 111128-N-NK458-054 ailors aboard the Royal Navy submarine HMS Astute (S119) stand in formation topside as the ship is maneuvered into posit.jpg in Norfolk Virginia, November 2011]]
Starting in late 2011, she began a 5-month stay at the US Navy's Atlantic Undersea Test and Evaluation Center (AUTEC) in the Bahamas, in which she fired Spearfish torpedoes and Tomahawk missiles.{{cite news | url=http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=7969457 | title=Adm. Sir Mark Stanhope Britain's First Sea Lord |publisher=Defense News | date=17 October 2011 | first1= Vago | last1=Muradian | first2=Christopher P. | last2= Cavas | access-date=6 November 2011}}{{dead link|date=August 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}{{cite web|url=http://navynews.co.uk/archive/news/item/2951|title=Navy News – Reporting from the Fleet|access-date=30 July 2016|archive-date=6 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306192345/https://navynews.co.uk/archive/news/item/2951|url-status=dead}} Astute launched two Tomahawks, the first missile on 15 November 2011. They were the Royal Navy's ninth and tenth Tomahawk flight tests.{{cite web|url=http://www.navynews.co.uk/archive/news/item/2621|title=Navy News – Reporting from the Fleet|access-date=30 July 2016|archive-date=20 May 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140520022551/https://navynews.co.uk/archive/news/item/2621|url-status=dead}}
In February 2012, Astute rendezvoused with the {{sclass|Virginia|submarine|1}} {{USS|New Mexico|SSN-779|6}} underwater in the Atlantic Undersea Test and Evaluation Center for a series of war games. Present were the head of the Royal Navy, Admiral Sir Mark Stanhope and the head of the United States Navy, Admiral Jonathan W. Greenert.{{cite web|url=http://www.nwemail.co.uk/news/astute-in-battle-with-us-boat-in-atlantic-1.923883?referrerPath=news/south_lakes |title=North West Evening Mail | News | BAE Systems Barrow built Astute in battle with USS New Mexico |publisher=Nwemail.co.uk |date=10 February 2012 |access-date=16 February 2013}} It was reported that Astute "surpassed expectations" and that the Americans were "taken aback" by Astute{{'}}s capabilities.{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/government/news/hms-astute-arrives-home-from-us-sea-trials--2|title=HMS Astute arrives home from US sea trials|publisher=gov.uk}}{{cite web|url=http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/News-and-Events/Latest-News/2012/March/02/120302-Astute-Clyde|title=Awesome Astute "Surpassed Every Expectation" on Her Toughest Test Yet|website=royalnavy.mod.uk}} Astute had been expected to conduct her first operational deployment in 2013.{{cite web|url=http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/News-and-Events/Latest-News/2013/May/13/130513-Astute-trials-draw-to-a-close|title=Astute's trials draw to a close as new boat prepares for front-line duties|work=mod.uk}}
=First of class issues=
In November 2012 The Guardian reported that there had been a serious leak that caused an emergency surfacing because a cap for a pipe was made of the wrong metal, even though the inventory claimed proper checks had been made, that there were problems with reactor monitoring instruments because the wrong grade of lead was used, and circuit boards had not been correctly fitted. The Ministry of Defence and BAE Systems confirmed the problems were being worked on. An MoD spokesman said "It is normal for first of class trials to identify areas where modifications are required and these are then incorporated into later vessels of the class."{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2012/nov/15/hms-astute-submarine-slow-leaky-rusty |title=Slow, leaky, rusty: Britain's 10bn submarine beset by design flaws |author=Nick Hopkins |newspaper=The Guardian|date=15 November 2012 |access-date=20 November 2012 |location=London}}
=Maiden deployment=
Astute departed Faslane on her maiden deployment at the beginning of 2014, spending eight months abroad. Her deployment included an attached dry deck shelter aft of the sail, possibly for an SBS troop deployment. Astute returned to Faslane in October 2014.{{cite web|url=http://www.iiss.org/en/militarybalanceblog/blogsections/2014-3bea/april-7347/hms-astute-153f|title=Joseph Dempsey: HMS Astute – a special deployment?|work=iiss.org}}
=Major capability upgrade, sea training and return to operations=
Following her return to Faslane, Astute began a two-year major capability upgrade and sea training period. Her training saw her working with a Canadian maritime patrol aircraft and a NATO submarine in a simulated war environment. Having successfully completed this, Astute was once again declared ready for operations.{{cite news |title=HMS Astute ready for operations |url=https://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/news-and-latest-activity/news/2017/july/27/170726-hms-astute-ready-for-operations |access-date=10 August 2021 |agency=Royal Navy |date=27 July 2017}}
In November 2018, Astute took part in anti-submarine warfare exercises alongside Type 23 frigate {{HMS|St Albans|F83|6}} in an undisclosed Scottish loch.{{cite news |title=Navy's Vessels Practise Anti-Submarine Warfare in Scottish Loch |url=https://www.forces.net/services/navy/navys-vessels-practise-anti-submarine-warfare-scottish-loch |access-date=10 August 2021 |work=BFBS |date=30 November 2018}}
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
{{Commons category}}
{{ external media
| float = right
| width = 250px
| video1 = [http://www.navynews.co.uk/assets/upload/files/Preview_Quality_WMV_0004973.wmv HMS Astute test-firing her first Tomahawk Land Attack Missiles]
}}
- [http://www.royalnavy.mod.uk/The-Fleet/Submarines/Fleet-Submarines/Astute-Class/HMS-Astute Royal Navy HMS Astute] (royalnavy.mod.uk)
{{Astute class submarine}}
{{Royal Navy ships}}
{{2010 shipwrecks}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Astute (S119)}}
Category:Astute-class submarines
Category:Ships built in Barrow-in-Furness
Category:Maritime incidents in 2010
Category:Maritime incidents in 2011