HMS Aurora (1913)

{{stack|File:The light cruiser HMS Aurora (1913) at moorings, Harwich RMG N22497.jpg}}

Designed to augment the destroyer flotillas of the fleet, the Aurora-class cruisers displaced {{convert|3750|LT|t}} normal and {{convert|4400|LT|t}} at deep load. They were {{convert|436|ft|m}} long overall with a beam of {{convert|39|ft|m}} and a mean draught of {{convert|13|ft|5|in}}. The cruisers were propelled by four shafts driven by Parsons turbines powered by steam from eight boilers creating {{convert|40000|shp|kW|lk=in}}. This gave the ships a maximum speed of {{convert|28+1/2|kn|lk=in}}. The cruisers carried {{convert|875|LT|t}} of fuel oil.Gardiner and Gray, pp. 55–56

Aurora had an armoured belt of {{convert|3|in|mm|0}} that tapered to {{convert|1|in|mm|1}}. The cruiser also had an armoured deck of {{convert|1|in|mm|2}}. The cruiser was armed with two breech-loading (BL) BL 6 inch Mk XII naval gun and six quick-firing (QF) QF 4 inch naval gun Mk IV, XII, XXII. For secondary armament the cruiser sported a single Ordnance QF 3-pounder Vickers for anti-aircraft purposes and four {{convert|21|in|mm|0|adj=on}} torpedo tubes in two twin mounts. The class had a maximum complement of 282.

The cruiser's keel was laid down at Devonport Dockyard on 24 October 1912 and Aurora was launched on 30 September 1913. The ship was commissioned into the Royal Navy in September 1914.

Aurora saw service as part of Harwich Force from September 1914 to February 1915, as leader of the 1st Destroyer Flotilla. Based at Harwich under the command of Commodore Reginald Tyrwhitt, the unit was ordered to sea on 14 December 1914 as part of the force sent to intercept a German fleet under Admiral Franz von Hipper raiding towns on the east coast of England.Massie, p. 333 However, the flotilla was prevented from intervening in the resulting engagement due to poor weather and returned to Yarmouth.Massie, p. 344

In January 1915, German command ordered a reconnaissance mission of the Dogger Bank by Hipper. At his disposal were three battlecruisers, one armoured cruiser, four light cruisers and nineteen destroyers.Massie, p. 377 The message ordering the German mission was intercepted by the Admiralty and Tyrwhitt's force was among the units deployed for the coming battle.Massie, pp. 378–79 Tyrwhitt's force began to depart Harwich at 5:30{{nbsp}}pm on 23 January. Aurora was among the ships that had departed after their commander and when Tyrwhitt met with Admiral David Beatty's force the next morning, Aurora and the majority of Tyrwhitt's force was {{convert|12|nmi|lk=in}} astern. However, Aurora and the majority of Tyrwhitt's force encountered Hipper's fleet at 7:05{{nbsp}}am on 24 January, with the cruiser spotting a three-funneled cruiser and four destroyers on the horizon. Aurora closed to {{convert|8000|yd|m}} and challenged the ship, believing it to be Tyrwhitt's flagship, {{HMS|Arethusa|1913|2}}. The German cruiser {{SMS|Kolberg}} opened fire on Aurora in response, hitting the ship three times. Aurora returned fire and sent a signal to the fleet that she was in battle.Massie, pp. 382–83 The German armoured cruiser {{SMS|Blücher}} was sunk. The light cruisers were ordered to standby to assist the crew of the sunken German cruiser. However, they came under air attack and the rescue efforts were cancelled.Massie, pp. 404, 407

In February 1915, she was assigned as leader of the 10th Destroyer Flotilla of the Harwich Force, guarding the eastern approaches to the English Channel. While a member of this unit, the cruiser was fitted with an aircraft flying-off platform over the forecastle allowing Aurora to launch a French monoplane. This was installed to counter the Zeppelin threat that harassed the Harwich Force. The design was ultimately unsuccessful as the aircraft could not intercept the Zeppelin fast enough and was uninstalled in August. The cruiser left the 10th Destroyer Flotilla in June and joined the 5th Light Cruiser Squadron, which Aurora remained with until the end of the war. That year, the cruiser also had her 3-pounder gun replaced with a QF 3-inch 20 cwt placed on the centreline aft.

File:HMS Aurora (1913) mines closeup WWI IWM SP 001196.jpg

In August 1915 she took part in sinking of the German raider {{SMS|Meteor|1914|2}}. In September/October, the cruiser captured two naval trawlers In March 1916, Aurora covered the seaplane raid on Hoyer. In May 1917 the cruiser was fitted with chutes and rails for naval mines, which discharged over the stern. The ship carried 74 mines. Over the course of three mine-laying missions, the cruiser laid 212 mines. In 1917, the cruiser had her pole foremast replaced with a tripod carrying a light director and her torpedo tube armament was further augmented by a pair of tubes placed on the upper deck in front of the 6-inch gun. They were later moved ahead of the other torpedo tubes. In March 1918 Aurora was again reassigned, to the 7th Light Cruiser Squadron of the Grand Fleet. Aurora was one of the ships present at the surrender of the German High Seas Fleet in November 1918.{{cite web|url=http://www.worldwar1.co.uk/light-cruiser/hms-Arethusa.html |title=Arethusa Class Light Cruisers |work=World War 1 Naval Combat |access-date=28 June 2014}}

Between 1918 and 1920, Aurora was decommissioned to relieve financial pressures of the Home Fleet by the Admiralty. Her manning was reduced to a custodian crew and the relieved personnel were sent to other units. The cruiser remained in commission at Devonport from March 1919 to August 1920 and was paid off in September after being transferred to the Royal Canadian Navy.

On 25 March 1920, the Canadian government accepted a British offer of one light cruiser and two destroyers to replace the two decrepit cruisers currently owned by Canada.Johnston et al. p. 833 Originally a Bristol-class cruiser was offered, however they ran on coal and the Canadian government negotiated for an oil-burning cruiser.Johnston et al. p. 847 In 1920 Aurora was re-activated to outfit her for transfer to the Royal Canadian Navy. The cost of fitting out the cruiser for service in the northern Atlantic cost $10,495, exclusive of machinery and a refrigeration plant.Johnston et al. p. 876

The Royal Canadian Navy commissioned her on 1 November 1920. She sailed shortly afterward from the United Kingdom for Halifax, Nova Scotia, arriving on 21 December with two ex-Royal Navy destroyers that had also been transferred.

After a minimal time in port at HMC Dockyard, the three ships set out for a training cruise via the Caribbean Sea to Esquimalt, British Columbia. The cruise masked the secret mission of carrying secret documents from the Admiralty to British consulates throughout Central and North America. While on the cruise, the squadron was ordered to Puntarenas, Costa Rica, where their presence was used to strengthen the Canadian government position in negotiations over oil concessions.Johnston et al. p. 881 Aurora returned to Halifax on 30 July 1921 via the same route.

In August 1921, drastic budget cuts resulted in the decommissioning of Aurora.Johnston et al. p. 888 She was paid off on 1 July 1922 and disarmed.Macpherson and Barrie, pp. 12–13Milner, p. 61 Her weapons were placed ashore in training facilities and on other active ships. Her crew was reduced to non-manned, much of her up-to-date equipment was salvaged for use in other Canadian warships. Aurora{{'}}s hulk was left alongside a jetty at the Canadian naval base in Halifax until 1927 when her deterioration resulted in city officials demanding the navy move her. The Royal Canadian Navy immediately sold her for scrap in August 1927 to A.A. Lasseque of Sorel, Quebec, and she was broken up.Colledge, p. 66

{{Reflist}}

{{refbegin}}

• {{Cite Colledge2006}}
• {{cite book|last=Corbett|first=Julian|author-link=Julian Corbett |year=1997 |orig-year=1938 |title=Naval Operations to the Battle of the Falklands|edition=2nd (reprint)|series=History of the Great War: Based on Official Documents|volume=I|publisher=Imperial War Museum and Battery Press|location=London and Nashville, Tennessee|isbn=0-89839-256-X}}
• {{cite book|last=Corbett|first=Julian|author-link=Julian Corbett|title=Naval Operations|edition=2nd (reprint)|series=History of the Great War: Based on Official Documents |volume=II |year=1997 |orig-year=1929 |publisher=Imperial War Museum in association with the Battery Press|location=London and Nashville, Tennessee|isbn=1-870423-74-7}}
• {{cite book|last=Friedman|first=Norman|title=British Cruisers: Two World Wars and After|year=2010|publisher=Seaforth|location=Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK|isbn=978-1-59114-078-8}}
• {{cite book|last=Friedman|first=Norman|title=Naval Weapons of World War One|publisher=Seaforth|location=Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK|year=2011|isbn=978-1-84832-100-7}}
• {{cite book |editor1-last=Gardiner|editor1-first=Robert|editor2-last=Gray|editor2-first=Randal|title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921|year=1985|location=Annapolis, Maryland|publisher=Naval Institute Press|isbn=0-85177-245-5|name-list-style=amp}}
• {{cite book |last=Johnston |first=William |last2=Rawling |first2=William G.P. |last3=Gimblett |first3=Richard H. |last4=MacFarlane |first4=John |date=2010 |title=The Seabound Coast: The Official History of the Royal Canadian Navy, 1867–1939 |volume=1 |publisher=Dundurn Press |location=Toronto |isbn=978-1-55488-908-2}}
• {{cite book|title=Warships of Canada's Naval Forces 1910–2002 |last=Macpherson |first=Ken |last2=Barrie |first2=Ron |publisher=Vanwell Publishing Ltd. |place=St. Catharines |edition=3 |date=2002 |isbn=1-55125-072-1}}
• {{cite book |last=Massie |first=Robert K. |date=2003 |title=Castles of Steel: Britain, Germany, and the Winning of the Great War at Sea |publisher=Ballantine Books |location=New York |isbn=0-345-40878-0}}
• {{cite book |last=Milner |first=Marc |date=2010 |title=Canada's Navy: The First Century |edition=Second |publisher=University of Toronto Press |location=Toronto |isbn=978-0-8020-9604-3}}
• {{cite book|last=Newbolt|first=Henry|title=Naval Operations|edition=reprint of the 1931|series=History of the Great War Based on Official Documents|volume=V|year=1996|publisher=Battery Press|location=Nashville, Tennessee|isbn=0-89839-255-1}}
• {{cite journal|last=Pearsall|first=Alan|year=1984|title=Arethusa Class Cruisers, Part I|journal=Warship|publisher=Conway Maritime Press|location=London|volume=VIII|pages=203–11|isbn=0-87021-983-9}}
• {{cite journal|last=Pearsall|first=Alan|year=1984|title=Arethusa Class Cruisers, Part II|journal=Warship|publisher=Conway Maritime Press|location=London|volume=VIII|pages=258–65|isbn=0-87021-983-9}}

{{refend}}

{{Commons category|HMS Aurora (ship, 1914)}}

• [http://www.worldwar1.co.uk/light-cruiser/hms-Arethusa.html Ships of the Arethusa class]

{{Arethusa class cruiser (1913)}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Aurora}}

Category:Ships of the Royal Canadian Navy

Category:Cruisers of the Royal Canadian Navy

Category:Arethusa-class cruisers (1913)

Category:1913 ships

Category:World War I cruisers of the United Kingdom

Category:Ships built in Plymouth, Devon