HMS E14

Like all post-E8 British E-class submarines, E14 had a displacement of {{convert|662|LT|t}} at the surface and {{convert|807|LT|t}} while submerged. She had a total length of {{convert|180|ft|m}}{{cite book|author1=Innes McCartney|author2=Tony Bryan|title=British Submarines of World War I|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JWFapIxWZSUC&pg=PA11|date=20 February 2013|publisher=Osprey Publishing|isbn=978-1-4728-0035-0|pages=11–12}} and a beam width of {{convert|22|ft|8.5|in}}. She was powered by two {{convert|800|hp}} Vickers eight-cylinder two-stroke diesel engines and two {{convert|420|hp}} electric motors.{{sfn|Akerman|1989|p=150}}{{cite web|url=http://www.csubmarine.org/html/class/eclass.html|title=E Class|publisher=Chatham Submarines|access-date=20 August 2015|archive-date=13 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150813023119/http://csubmarine.org/html/class/eclass.html|url-status=dead}} The submarine had a maximum surface speed of {{convert|16|kn|km/h mph}} and a submerged speed of {{convert|10|kn|km/h mph}}. British E-class submarines had fuel capacities of {{convert|50|LT|t}} of diesel and ranges of {{convert|3255|mi|km nmi}} when travelling at {{convert|10|kn|km/h mph}}. E14 was capable of operating submerged for five hours when travelling at {{convert|5|kn|km/h mph}}.

As with most of the early E class boats, E14 was not fitted with a deck gun during construction, but later had a single 6-pounder QF gun mounted forward of the conning tower at Malta dockyard. She had five 18 inch (450 mm) torpedo tubes, two in the bow, one either side amidships, and one in the stern; a total of 10 torpedoes were carried.{{sfn|Akerman|1989|p=150}}

E-Class submarines had wireless systems with {{convert|1|kW}} power ratings; in some submarines, these were later upgraded to {{convert|3|kW}} systems by removing a midship torpedo tube. Their maximum design depth was {{convert|100|ft}} although in service some reached depths of below {{convert|200|ft}} (other sources say 160ft design depth, 350ft crush depth{{cite book |last1=Miller |first1=David |last2=Jordan |first2=John |title=Modern Submarine Warfare |date=1987 |publisher=Military Press |location=New York |isbn=0-517-64647-1 |page=26}}). Some submarines contained Fessenden oscillator systems. She was manned by three officers and 28 men.

E14 took part in an operation to penetrate the Sea of Marmara. She successfully dived beneath the minefields and broke into the Sea of Marmara on 27 April 1915. She quickly sank the Turkish gunboat Nurel Bahr, sinking 200 tons on 1 May. She then went on to damage the minelayer Peik I Shevket sinking 1014 tons in a torpedo attack. On 3 May she torpedoed transportship Gul Djemal with 4,000 soldiers on board.

Upon her return, her captain, Lieutenant Commander Edward Courtney Boyle received the Victoria Cross; Lieutenant Edward Geldard Stanley and Acting Lieutenant Reginald Wilfred Lawrence were both awarded the Distinguished Service Cross and all the ratings were awarded the Distinguished Service Medal.{{London Gazette|issue=29169|page=4894|date=21 May 1915}}

Later in her career, her new captain, Lieutenant Commander Geoffrey Saxton White was posthumously awarded the Victoria Cross for his actions in the Dardanelles. With the ex-Goeben crippled after the Battle of Imbros, E14 was dispatched to finish off the Turkish battlecruiser when repeated air attacks failed to destroy her. She arrived at Nara Burnu at 07:00 on 28 January. Rising to periscope depth, the submarine was unable to find its main target as Goeben had sailed away two days earlier.{{sfn|Jameson|1962|pp=89-96}} Turning round, E14 fired two torpedoes at a merchant ship observed through its periscope at 08:45 hours: 11 seconds after the launch of the second torpedo, she was rocked by a premature explosion from that torpedo.{{sfn|Jameson|1962|pp=95-99}}

The gunboat {{Ship|Ottoman gunboat|Durak Reis||2}} and minelayer {{Ship|Ottoman minelayer|Nusret||2}} were nearby. She attacked the Durak Reis, but the torpedo she fired hit a shipwreck and exploded. E14 was forced to surface due to the effect of the premature explosion and the fire of the Ottoman ships, was badly damaged and dived. The submarine, which hit the seabed at a depth of {{cvt|150|ft|m}}, tried to exit the Bosphorus underwater, barely controllable. Arriving off Kumkale at around noon, E14 was caught by shore battery fire in front of Kumkale while trying to exit the Bosphorus. Taking direct hits, the submarine eventually sank. White, three officers and 20 enlisted men were killed, while nine surviving crew members were taken prisoner.{{sfn|Langensiepen|Güleryüz|1995|p=32}}{{sfn|Jameson|1962|pp=95-99}}{{London Gazette|issue=31354 |supp=y|page=6445|date=23 May 1919}}

In June 2012, after a three-year search, Turkish marine engineer Selçuk Kolay and filmmaker Savas Karakas discovered the wreck of E14 in 20 m of water about 250 m off Kum Kale.

The boat is largely buried in sand, only 7 m of the coral-encrusted bow, with a shell hole, remaining visible. The British government is to ask the Turkish authorities to ensure the wreck is respected as a war grave. [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/turkey/9336020/Found-after-94-years-the-submarine-which-won-two-VCs.html]

{{reflist}}

• {{cite book |last1=Hutchinson |first1=Robert |title=Jane's submarines : war beneath the waves from 1776 to the present day |date=2001 |publisher=HarperCollins |location=London |isbn=9780007105588}}
• {{cite book

| last = Akerman

| first = Paul

| title = Encyclopaedia of British submarines, 1901–1955

| publisher = Maritime Books

| url =

| location =

| date = 1989

| isbn = 1-904381-05-7

}}

• {{cite book

| last = Jameson

| first = William

| title = Submariner's VC

| publisher = Periscope Publishing

| url = https://books.google.com/books?id=Mu1bEYEjRTcC&dq=e+14+raglan+goeben&pg=PA88

| location = Penzance, Cornwall

| date = 1962

| isbn = 978-1-904381-24-2

}}

• {{cite book

| last1 = Langensiepen

| first1 = Bernd

| last2 = Güleryüz

| first2 = Ahmet

| author-link =

| title = The Ottoman Steam Navy 1828–1923

| publisher = Conway Maritime Press

| location = London

| url = https://archive.org/details/learnislampdfenglishbooktheottomansteamnavy18281923/page/n3/mode/2up

| date = 1995

| isbn = 978-0-85177-610-1

}}

• [https://web.archive.org/web/20130714021235/http://www.submarine-museum.co.uk/what-we-have/memorial-chapel/submarine-losses?start=7 'Submarine losses 1904 to present day' - Royal Navy Submarine Museum]
• [https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/turkey/9334446/First-World-War-British-submarine-found-94-years-after-being-abandoned.html First World War British submarine found 94 years after being abandoned]

• [http://www.sabah.com.tr/Yasam/2012/06/01/94-yildir-kayip-olan-denizaltiya-ulasildi] Lost submarine found after 92 years. Sabah Turkish Edition 01-06-2012

{{Clear}}

{{British E class submarine}}

{{January 1918 shipwrecks}}

{{coord missing|Marmara Sea}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:E14}}

Category:British E-class submarines of the Royal Navy

Category:Ships built in Barrow-in-Furness

Category:1914 ships

Category:World War I submarines of the United Kingdom

Category:Maritime incidents in 1918

Category:World War I shipwrecks in the Aegean Sea

Category:Royal Navy ship names