HMS Holland 5
{{short description|Submarine of the Royal Navy}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2017}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2017}}
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{{Infobox ship image |Ship image=Holland 3 1902 IWM Q 041181.jpg |Ship caption=A submarine of the Holland class }} {{Infobox ship career |Hide header= |Ship country=United Kingdom |Ship flag=File:Naval Ensign of the United Kingdom.svg |Ship name=Holland 5 |Ship namesake= |Ship ordered=1900 |Ship builder=Vickers, Sons and Maxim, Barrow |Ship laid down= |Ship launched=10 June 1902 |Ship commissioned=1902 |Ship decommissioned= |Ship in service= |Ship out of service= |Ship struck= |Ship homeport= |Ship motto= |Ship nickname= |Ship honours= |Ship fate=Foundered off Beachy Head, 8 August 1912 |Ship notes= }} {{Infobox ship characteristics |Hide header= |Header caption= |Ship type=Submarine |Ship displacement={{convert|105|LT|t|abbr=on}} (submerged) |Ship length={{convert|63|ft|5|in|m|abbr=on}} |Ship beam={{convert|11|ft|10|in|m|abbr=on}} |Ship draught={{convert|11|ft|10|in|m|abbr=on}} |Ship power=*{{convert|160|hp|kW|lk=in|abbr=on}} (petrol engine)
|Ship propulsion=*1 × petrol engine
|Ship speed={{convert|7|kn|mph km/h|lk=in|abbr=on}} submerged |Ship range={{convert|20|nmi|mi km|abbr=on}} at {{convert|7|kn|mph km/h|abbr=on}} submerged |Ship endurance= |Ship test depth={{convert|100|ft|m|abbr=on}} |Ship complement=8 |Ship armament=1 × 18 inch (450 mm) torpedo tube (Up to 3 torpedoes) |Ship notes= }} |
Holland 5 was the last of the five Holland-class submarines ordered by the British Admiralty to evaluate the potential of the submarine with the Royal Navy. She was one of the first submarines to be accepted into Royal Navy service, and unique to her class, she carried one of the earliest periscopes. By the time she was launched, a number of A-class submarines had already been ordered to replace this class in navy service.
She had a single-hull design, built from "s" grade steel. She sank whilst under tow to the scrap yard in 1912, possibly caused by the torpedo hatch being left open. The wreck was rediscovered in 2000 and was designated under the Protection of Wrecks Act in 2005. The wreck is a Protected Wreck managed by Historic England.
Damage has been caused to the site in recent years, and at some point between September 2008 and June 2010, the torpedo hatch was stolen off the wreck.
Design and description
Holland 5 was the fifth of the experimental {{sclass|Holland|submarine}}s to be launched on 10 June 1902{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Naval & Military intelligence|date=11 June 1902 |page=13 |issue=36791}} at a cost of £35,000.{{cite news|title=The Progress of the Submarine During 1903|newspaper=The Times|issue=37360|page=8|date=5 April 1904}} She was built by Vickers, Sons and Maxim in Barrow-in-Furness, under licence from Holland Torpedo Boat Company and to a design by John Phillip Holland.{{cite web|title=Holland Class|url=http://www.rnsubs.co.uk/Boats/BoatDB2/index.php?id=2&BoatID=1&flag=class|publisher=Barrow Submariners Association|access-date=19 January 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151004045759/http://www.rnsubs.co.uk/Boats/BoatDB2/index.php?id=2&BoatID=1&flag=class|archive-date=4 October 2015|df=dmy-all}}{{cite book|last=Akermann|first=Paul|title=Encyclopaedia of British Submarines, 1901–1955|year=2002|publisher=Periscope|location=Penzance|isbn=978-1-904381-05-1|page=479|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=boO7WGL21EQC&dq=%22holland+5%22+submarine&pg=PA479}} She was launched one month ahead of Holland 6 (which was later designated A1).{{cite web|title=Holland No.5|url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/discover/maritime/map/holland-no-5/|publisher=English Heritage|accessdate=19 January 2012}} The British Holland class was an extension of the design used on USS Holland.
She was equipped with one of the first periscopes; at the time of her launch, no other submarines in the Royal Navy or the United States Navy were so equipped. It was of British design, which used a ball and socket joint on the hull to raise and lower the scope. She was constructed of "s" grade steel, which at the time of her construction was only used on this class of submarine and the Forth Bridge. She utilised a single-hull design, and so her pressure hull contained her fuel tanks, ballast and other internal workings. However, she was limited to a maximum depth of {{convert|100|ft|m}}.
Service history
Along with Holland 3, she was one of the first two submarines to be accepted into Royal Navy service on 19 January 1903. However, by the time she was launched she was already considered obsolete and thirteen A-class submarines had already been ordered.{{cite book|last=McCartney|first=Innes|title=Lost Patrols: Submarine Wrecks of the English Channel|year=2008|publisher=Periscope|location=Penzance|isbn=978-1-904381-04-4|pages=135–136|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j6ooZdh1rlkC&dq=%22holland+5%22+submarine&pg=PA135}}
On 4 March 1903, she was part of the flotilla of Holland-class submarines that were undergoing a demonstration for Captain Reginald Bacon in Stokes Bay when a petrol explosion occurred aboard Holland 1.{{cite news|title=Explosion on Board a Submarine|newspaper=The Times|issue=37020|page=9|date=5 March 1903}} Along with the other Holland-class submarines, she was quickly reduced to the role of harbor defense and training. By 1909, at the time of fleet display in the Thames, the Holland class were no longer considered "seaworthy" by the media.{{cite news|title=The Fleet in the Thames|newspaper=The Times|page=8|issue=39014|date=17 July 1909}} In 1910, Holland 5 ran aground off Fort Blockhouse, the location of HMS Dolphin and the home of the Royal Navy Submarine Service.
By 1912, the decision was made to scrap the Holland-class vessels. The submarine foundered in the English Channel off Beachy Head, Sussex, on 8 August 1912, when she was under tow on the way to being scrapped at Sheerness. It was not clear why she sank, but a theory is that the torpedo tube hatch was left open, causing the boat to take on water.{{cite news|last=Pugh|first=Tom|title=Thieves target historic submarine wreck|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/thieves-target-historic-submarine-wreck-2067631.html|accessdate=19 January 2012|newspaper=The Independent|date=1 September 2010}}
Wreck discovery and research
In September 2000, the wreck of submarine Holland 5 was discovered at a depth of {{convert|98|ft|m|abbr=on}} about {{convert|6|mi}} off the British coast near Eastbourne.{{cite news|last=Mattock|first=Jo|title=Hatch Stolen from Submarine Wreck|url=http://www.divemagazine.co.uk/news/latest-news/5279-hatch-stolen-from-submarine-wreck|accessdate=19 January 2012|newspaper=DIVE|date=7 October 2010|archive-date=15 September 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120915033234/http://www.divemagazine.co.uk/news/latest-news/5279-hatch-stolen-from-submarine-wreck|url-status=dead}} In April 2001, the Archaeological Diving Unit conducted a sonar scan and confirmed the identity of the wreck. The boat sits upright on the seabed.
On 4 January 2005, Andrew McIntosh, Minister for Tourism and Heritage of the Department for Culture, Media and Sport, announced that the wreck was designated under the Protection of Wrecks Act.{{cite web|title=Heritage Minister Andrew McIntosh Acts To Protect Wreck Site Of Prototype Submarine|url=http://www.culture.gov.uk/Reference_library/Press_notices/archive_2005/dcms001_05.htm|work=4 January 2005|publisher=Department for Culture, Media and Sport|accessdate=19 January 2012|archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20080307014438/http://www.culture.gov.uk/Reference_library/Press_notices/archive_2005/dcms001_05.htm|archivedate=7 March 2008}} This makes trophy hunting and vandalism of the site a criminal offence.{{cite news|title=Submarine wreck to be protected|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/southern_counties/4145849.stm|accessdate=19 January 2012|newspaper=BBC News|date=4 January 2005}}
In 2010, it was discovered that at some point divers had stolen the torpedo tube hatch off the wreck. It was determined that the item would have no monetary value and would have gone into a private collection.{{cite news|title=Divers steal from Holland 5 submarine off Sussex coast|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-11154558|accessdate=19 January 2012|newspaper=BBC News|date=1 September 2010}} There were no official dives on the wreck during 2009 due to the conditions, and the last sighting of the hatch in place was in September 2008.{{cite web|title=Holland 5 Submarine|url=http://www.nauticalarchaeologysociety.org/projects/holland5.php|publisher=Nautical Archaeology Society|access-date=19 January 2012|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120302225933/http://www.nauticalarchaeologysociety.org/projects/holland5.php|archive-date=2 March 2012|df=dmy-all}} Further damage has been caused to the site by fishing nets, which may have resulted in damage to the periscope and the other implements installed on the upper superstructure.
Holland 5 remains the only submarine of her class on the seabed. Holland 1, the only other boat of her class remaining, is on show at the Royal Navy Submarine Museum in Gosport, Hampshire. Species seen on or around the wreck site include brown crabs, European spider crabs, poutings, poor cod, Sagartia elegans (a species of sea anemone), worms of the Serpulidae family,{{cite web|last=Dooley|first=David|title=Species seen on the Holland 5 submarine site|url=http://www.nauticalarchaeologysociety.org/projects/wreckmap_species.php?form=13|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120907171157/http://www.nauticalarchaeologysociety.org/projects/wreckmap_species.php?form=13|url-status=dead|archive-date=7 September 2012|publisher=Nautical Archaeology Society|access-date=19 January 2012}} and European Conger.{{cite web|url=http://www.channel4.com/programmes/time-team-specials/episode-guide/series-8/episode-2|title=Time Team Specials – The Lost Submarine of WWI – Channel 4|accessdate=22 December 2015|publisher=Channel 4}}
See also
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20060912104913/http://www.totnes-bsac.co.uk/heinke/Totnes_SAC_Heinke_presentation_2006.pdf A report on diving the wreck] from the 2006 Heinke trophy winning submission of Totnes SAC
- [http://www.maritimequest.com/warship_directory/great_britain/submarines/pages/holland_class/holland_5_page_1.htm MaritimeQuest HMS Holland 5 Pages]
- [https://www.flickr.com/photos/wessexarchaeology/3348695831/ A photo of the wreck]
- [https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1000081 "Holland No. 5" National Heritage List for England]
{{Holland class submarine}}
{{1912 shipwrecks}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Holland 5}}
Category:Protected wrecks of England
Category:Holland-class submarines
Category:Maritime incidents in 1912
Category:Shipwrecks in the English Channel
Category:Ships built in Barrow-in-Furness