HMS Icarus (D03)

The I-class ships were improved versions of the preceding H-class. They displaced {{convert|1370|LT|t|lk=on}} at standard load and {{convert|1888|LT|t}} at deep load. The ships had an overall length of {{convert|323|ft|m|1}}, a beam of {{convert|33|ft|m|1}} and a draught of {{convert|12|ft|6|in|m|1}}. They were powered by two Parsons geared steam turbines, each driving one propeller shaft, using steam provided by three Admiralty three-drum boilers. The turbines developed a total of {{convert|34000|shp|lk=on}} and were intended to give a maximum speed of {{convert|35.5|kn|lk=in}}. Icarus only reached a speed of {{convert|35.1|kn}} from {{cvt|33380|shp}} during her sea trials.March, p. 315 The ships carried enough fuel oil to give them a range of {{convert|5500|nmi|lk=in}} at {{convert|15|kn}}. Their crew numbered 145 officers and ratings.Lenton, p. 161

The ships mounted four 4.7-inch (120 mm) Mark IX guns in single mounts, designated 'A', 'B', 'X' and 'Y' from bow to stern. For anti-aircraft (AA) defence, they had two quadruple mounts for the 0.5 inch Vickers Mark III machine gun. The I class was fitted with two above-water quintuple torpedo tube mounts for British 21 inch torpedo torpedoes.Whitley, p. 111 One depth charge rack and two throwers were fitted; 16 depth charges were originally carried, but this increased to 35 shortly after the war began.English, p. 141 Icarus was one of the four I-class destroyers fitted with minelaying equipment in late 1938 – January 1939 at Malta. This consisted of mounts for rails on the deck on which to carry the mines and an electric winch to move the mines down the rails. A pair of sponsons were added to the stern to allow the mines to clear the propellers when dropped into the sea. 'A' and 'Y' guns and both sets of torpedo tubes were modified to allow them to be removed to compensate for the weight of the mines.Smith, pp. 112–113 The ships could carry a maximum of 72 mines.Friedman, p. 230 The I-class ships were fitted with the ASDIC sound detection system to locate submarines underwater.Hodges & Friedman, p. 16

On 29 November 1939, Icarus sighted the {{GS|U-35|1936|6}} between the Shetland Islands and Bergen (Norway), but was unable to launch an effective attack because her ASDIC (sonar) was out of commission. Fellow destroyers {{HMS|Kingston|F64|2}} and {{HMS|Kashmir|F12|2}} were called to the scene, and Icarus departed. Kingston was able to launch a successful depth charge attack, forcing the U-boat to surface and scuttle itself.

Icarus participated in the Norwegian campaign in 1940, first capturing the 8,514 ton German supply ship {{SS|Alster|1928|2}} (brought to the United Kingdom and renamed Empire Endurance) on 11 April and then taking part in the Second Battle of Narvik on 13 April 1940.

She participated in Operation Dynamo, the evacuation from Dunkirk in late May and early June 1940.{{cite web |title=OPERATION DYNAMO - THE EVACUATION FROM DUNKIRK [Allocated Title] |url=https://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/1060020101 |website=Imperial War Museums |access-date=21 April 2021 |language=en}}

In early May 1941, the British Admiralty was on the alert that the Bismarck might attempt to break out into the North Atlantic; so Icarus was ordered to Scapa Flow for possible deployment against the Germans. On 22 May, just after midnight, Icarus sailed along with the destroyers {{HMS|Achates|H12|2}}, {{HMS|Antelope|H36|2}}, {{HMS|Anthony|H40|2}}, {{HMS|Echo|H23|2}}, and {{HMS|Electra|H27|2}}, escorting the battlecruiser {{HMS|Hood|51|2}} and the battleship {{HMS|Prince of Wales|53|2}} to cover the northern approaches. The intention was that the force would refuel in Hvalfjord, Iceland, and then sail again to watch the Denmark Strait.

On the evening of 23 May, the weather deteriorated. At 20:55 hrs., Admiral Lancelot Holland aboard Hood signalled the destroyers "If you are unable to maintain this speed I will have to go on without you. You should follow at your best speed." At 02:15 on the morning of 24 May, the destroyers were ordered to spread out at {{convert|15|mi|km|0}} intervals to search to the north. At about 05:35, the German forces were sighted by Hood, and shortly after, the Germans sighted the British ships. Firing commenced at 05:52. At 06:01, Hood suffered a direct hit from a {{convert|38|cm|in|0}} shell from Bismarck, possibly striking one of the aft magazines. The ship was wracked by a colossal explosion, sinking the ship within 2 minutes. Electra and the other destroyers were about {{convert|60|mi|km|0}} away at the time.

Upon hearing that Hood had sunk, Electra raced to the area, arriving about two hours after Hood went down. They were expecting to find many survivors, and rigged scrambling nets and heaving lines, and placed life belts on the deck where they could be quickly thrown in. From the 94 officers and 1,321 ratings aboard Hood, just three survivors were found. Electra rescued them, and continued searching. Shortly thereafter, Icarus and Anthony joined in the search, and the three ships searched the area for more survivors. No more were found, only driftwood, debris, and a desk drawer filled with documents. After several hours searching, they left the area.

She participated in Operation Pedestal, escorting a convoy to Malta in August 1942.

Icarus was involved in many important events of the Second World War, Dunkirk, Spitzbergen, and numerous Atlantic and Russian convoys.

Icarus sank four German U-boats:

• On 14 October 1939 she participated in sinking of {{GS|U-45|1938|2}} in the Western Approaches with destroyers {{HMS|Inglefield|D02|2}}, {{HMS|Ivanhoe|D16|2}} and {{HMS|Intrepid|D10|2}}.
• On 29 November 1939 {{GS|U-35|1936|2}} was scuttled by its crew in the North Sea, after a depth charge attack from Icarus, {{HMS|Kingston|F64|2}} and {{HMS|Kashmir|F12|2}}. All 43 hands on board survived.
• On 6 March 1944 she sank {{GS|U-744||2}} while in company with the corvette {{HMS|Kenilworth Castle|K420|2}}, the Canadian frigate {{HMCS|St. Catharines|K325|2}}, corvettes {{HMCS|Fennel|K194|2}} and {{HMCS|Chilliwack|K131|2}} and destroyers Chaudiere and {{HMCS|Gatineau|H61|2}} in the North Atlantic.
• On 21 January 1945 she sank {{GS|U-1199||2}} while in company with the corvette {{HMS|Mignonette|K38|2}} in the English Channel near the Isles of Scilly.

A long-time captain of Icarus, Colin Maud, was the Juno beach master at the D-day landings; in the film The Longest Day, he was played by Kenneth More, complete with bulldog.

Lieutenant-Commander John Simon Kerans, famous for his part in sailing {{HMS|Amethyst|U16|6}}, down the Yangtze River, a feat made famous in the film Yangtse Incident, also served in Icarus as "number one".

Icarus was paid off on 29 August 1946, handed over to the British Iron & Steel Corporation on 29 October 1946 and broken up at Troon in Scotland.

{{Reflist}}

• {{Cite Colledge2006}}
• {{cite book|last=English|first=John|title=Amazon to Ivanhoe: British Standard Destroyers of the 1930s|year=1993|publisher=World Ship Society|location=Kendal, England|isbn=0-905617-64-9}}
• {{cite book|last=Friedman|first=Norman|title=British Destroyers & Frigates: The Second World War and After|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland|date=2006|isbn=1-86176-137-6|author-link=Norman Friedman}}
• {{cite book|last=Haarr|first=Geirr H.|title=The Battle for Norway: April–June 1940|year=2010|publisher=Seaforth Publishing|location=Barnsley, UK|isbn=978-1-84832-057-4}}
• {{cite book|last=Haarr|first=Geirr H.|title=The German Invasion of Norway, April 1940|url=https://archive.org/details/germaninvasionof00geir|url-access=registration|year=2009|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland|isbn=978-1-59114-323-9}}
• {{cite book |last=Hodges |first=Peter |author2=Friedman, Norman |title=Destroyer Weapons of World War 2 |year=1979 |publisher=Conway Maritime Press |location=Greenwich |isbn=978-0-85177-137-3|name-list-style=amp }}
• {{cite book|last=Lenton|first=H. T.|author-link=Henry Trevor Lenton|title=British & Empire Warships of the Second World War|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland|year=1998|isbn=1-55750-048-7}}
• {{cite book|last=March|first=Edgar J.|title=British Destroyers: A History of Development, 1892-1953; Drawn by Admiralty Permission From Official Records & Returns, Ships' Covers & Building Plans|year=1966|publisher=Seeley Service|location=London |oclc=164893555}}
• {{cite book|last=Rohwer|first=Jürgen|title=Chronology of the War at Sea 1939–1945: The Naval History of World War Two|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland|year=2005|edition=Third Revised|isbn=1-59114-119-2|author-link=Jürgen Rohwer}}
• {{cite book|last=Smith|first=Peter C.|title=Into the Minefields: British Destroyer Minelaying 1918–1980|publisher=Pen & Sword Books|location=Barnsley, UK|year=2005|isbn=1-84415-271-5}}
• {{cite book|last=Whitley|first=M. J.|title=Destroyers of World War Two: An International Encyclopedia|publisher=Naval Institute Press|year=1988|isbn=0-87021-326-1|location=Annapolis, Maryland|author-link=Michael J. Whitley}}
• {{cite book|last=Winser|first=John de S.|title=B.E.F. Ships Before, At and After Dunkirk|publisher=World Ship Society|location=Gravesend, Kent|date=1999|isbn=0-905617-91-6}}

• [http://www.uboat.net/allies/warships/ship/4412.html Icarus at Uboat net]
• [http://www.naval-history.net/xGM-Chrono-10DD-29I-Icarus.htm Icarus service history at naval-history.net]

{{I class destroyer}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Icarus (D03)}}

Category:I-class destroyers of the Royal Navy

Category:Ships built on the River Clyde

Category:1936 ships

Category:World War II destroyers of the United Kingdom