HMS Seahorse (1794)

File:HM Frigates 'Seahorse' and 'Cerebus', off Mont Orgueil Castle, Jersey CI JEM SJA 0000 00393.jpg, Jersey in 1796]]

Launched in June 1794, Seahorse was commissioned the following month by Captain John Peyton for the Irish Station.{{sfnp|Winfield|2007 |p=144}}

In July 1796, {{HMS|Cerberus|1794}} and Seahorse took the privateer cutter Calvados (or Salvados). Calvados carried six guns and ten swivels, and had a crew of 38 men. She was ten days out of Brest, France, but had not made any captures.{{London Gazette|issue=13920|date=9 August 1796|page=783}} Joined by Diana, Cerberus and Seahorse captured the 14-gun privateer Indemnité on 28 August. Indemnité, of Boulogne, was pierced for 14 guns but carried ten. She had a crew of 68 men.{{London Gazette|page=925|issue=13936|date=27 September 1796}} On 14 September, Cerberus, Seahorse and {{HMS|Diana|1794|2}} captured the Brazilian ship Santa Cruz.{{London Gazette|issue=15224|date=21 January 1800|page=72}}

File:Seahorse & Sensible.jpg

Seahorse took part in Rear Admiral Nelson's attack on Santa Cruz on 25 July 1797. She captured the French frigate Sensible in a minor action on 27 June 1798 in the Strait of Sicily.{{Cite web|url=https://collections.rmg.co.uk/collections/objects/109752.html|title = Capture of la Sensible on the 27th June 1798 by the Sea Horse Frigate Capt Foote. 2 - National Maritime Museum}}

File:Banner of Ferdinand von Hompesch zu Bolheim.JPG

She was with Vice-Admiral Hood's squadron off Alexandria in August 1798. On 2 September, while on patrol in the company of {{HMS|Zealous|1785|2}}, {{HMS|Goliath|1781|2}}, {{HMS|Swiftsure|1787|2}}, {{HMS|Emerald|1795|2}}, {{HMS|Alcmene|1794|2}}, and {{HMS|Bonne Citoyenne|1796|2}}, Seahorse assisted in the destruction of Anemone, a French aviso. Anemone had left Toulon on 27 July and Malta on 26 August.{{London Gazette |issue=15082 |page=1110 |date=20 November 1798}} Emerald and Seahorse chased Anemone inshore where she anchored in the shallow water, out of reach of the two British frigates. When the frigates despatched boats, Anemone cut her anchor cable and drifted on to the shore. While the Frenchmen were attempting to escape along the coast, unfriendly Arabs captured them and stripped them of their clothes, shooting those who resisted. The commander and seven others escaped naked to the beach where the British, who had swum ashore with lines and wooden casks, rescued them.{{efn|The Arabs captured some 17 to 20 survivors (accounts differ), and offered them to General Kléber, who ransomed them.Strathern (2009), pp.223-225.}} Anemone had a crew of 60 men under the command of enseigne de vaisseau Garibou,{{sfnp|Fonds Marine|p=210}} and was also carrying General Camin and Citoyen Valette, aide de camp to General Napoleon Buonaparte, with dispatches from Toulon, as well as some other passengers. Camin and Valette were among those the Arabs killed.{{efn|Anemone was the tartane Cincinnatus, which the French Navy had commissioned in June 1794 as an aviso, and renamed in May 1795. Her armament consisted of two 6-pounder and two 4-pounder guns, and four swivel guns.{{sfnp|Winfield|Roberts |2015 |p=296}} }}

Seahorse arrived at Portsmouth in October 1799, and returned to the Mediterranean in May 1800 as the flagship of Rear-admiral Sir Richard Bickerton.{{sfnp|Winfield |2007 |p=144}} On the way, in the evening of 4 April, she encountered the merchantman Washington which was sailing from Lisbon to Philadelphia, and which cleared for action. Both parties were able to identify themselves in time.

On 9 September 1801, Seahorse left Portsmouth, escorting a convoy bound for Bengal. The convoy, reached Madeira on 23 September, and left the next day. The convoy consisted of the East Indiamen {{ship||Northampton|1801 ship|2}}, Manship, {{ship||Sarah Christiana|1798 ship|2}}, {{ship||Comet|1800 ship|2}}, {{ship||General Stuart|1801 ship|2}}, Sovereign, Caledonia, {{ship||Ann|1801 ship|2}}, {{ship||Princess Mary|1796 ship|2}}, {{ship||Varuna|1796 ship|2}}, {{ship||Carron|1792 ship|2}}, Elizabeth, {{ship||Monarch|1800 ship|2}}, and {{ship||Friendship|1793 ship|2}}.Lloyd's List, no. 4200,[http://www.1812privateers.org/LLOYDS/1811/11-03-1801.jpg]{{Dead link|date=July 2024|bot=InternetArchiveBot|fix-attempted=yes}} - Retrieved 5 December 2014.

She was paid off for a first time, in October 1802, and was recommissioned in May 1803. She was in action at Lavandon (Hyeres) 11 July 1804.{{sfnp|Winfield|2007|p=144}} She was at Malta 1 November, 1804, under command of Capt. Boyle.{{cite book |url=https://ibiblio.org/anrs/docs/E/E3/nd_barbarywars_v05p01.pdf |title=Naval Documents related to the United States Wars with the Barbary Powers Volume V Part 1 of 3 September 7 1804 through April 1805 |pages=109 |publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office |via=Ibiblio |access-date=11 April 2025}} Her next notable action was against the Ottoman Navy warship Badiri-i-Zaffer on 6 July 1808. The issue of a gold medal was authorized by King George III to Captain Stewart for the action; only 18 battles or actions qualified for such an award.{{London Gazette |date=4 June 1847 |issue=20741 |pages=2051–2051 }} In 1847 the British Admiralty authorized the issue of the NGSM with clasp "Seahorse with Badere Zaffere" to all the surviving claimants from the action.

On 10 May 1809, a landing party from Seahorse and Halcyon landed on the small Italian islands of Pianosa and Gianuti. The landing party destroyed the enemy forts and captured about 100 prisoners during four hours of fighting. British losses were one marine killed and one wounded.Naval Chronicle, Vol. 22, p.255.

On 8 May 1810 Seahorse captured the Neapolitan privateer Stella di Napoleon, of two guns an d40 men.{{London Gazette|date=31 July 1810 |issue=16392 |page=1138}} On 22 August 1810, while cruising off Tuscany, Seahorse encountered the {{ship|French brig|Renard|1810|6}} and Ligurie. Ligurie escaped immediately but Seahorse was able to drive Renard ashore and cannonade her there. Even so, Renard was little-damaged and was able to get off after Seahorse had left. Renard limped back to Genoa. En route, Renard again met Seahorse, but sought refugee under the shore batteries of Levanto which, although in bad shape, proved sufficient to deter Seahorse.Jurien de La Gravière, pp.63-4 (603-4 on file)

Seahorse was paid off for a second time in June 1811, and was under repair at Woolwich from August to October 1812. She was recommissioned in September 1812 under the command of Sir James Gordon. She sank the 16-gun privateer lugger Subtile off Beachy Head on 13 November 1813 after a chase of three hours. The lugger had been so damaged in the chase that she sank before Seahorse could take off her crew. As a result, of her crew of 72 men, all but 28 drowned, her captain, François-David Drosier, and all his officers, among them. She was a few days out of Dieppe and had captured a Swedish brig laden with salt, and a light collier. {{HMS|Urgent|1804|6}} was in sight at the time.{{London Gazette |date=20 November 1813 |issue=16810 |page=2303}}

On 24 March 1814 Seahorse recaptured the Swedish ship Maria Christina while in company with {{HMS|Pactolus|1813|2}} and another warship.{{efn|A first-class share of the prize money was worth £187 3s {{frac|3|3|4}}d; the prize money for an ordinary seaman was £2 2s {{frac|4|1|2}}d.{{London Gazette |issue=17017 |page=1024 |date=30 May 1815}} For an ordinary seaman, this would have amounted to about six weeks' wages.}}

Seahorse was off the Atlantic Coast of Northern America in 1814, taking part in an action off the Potomac on 17 August 1814. (John Robyns, Captain of the Royal Marine detachment of {{HMS|Albion|1802|6}}, reckoned Seahorse took £100,000 in prizes.)Brooks & Little, p.46. In September, she was present at the Battle of Baltimore.

{{for|more detail about the action off the Potomac on 17 August 1814|HMS Erebus (1807)}}

In November, Seahorse was at Pensacola until the arrival of General Andrew Jackson's forces caused the British to depart. Whilst accompanied by {{HMS|Alceste|1806|2}} and {{HMS|Sophie|1809|2}} passing Lake Borgne in the direction of the Chandeleur Islands, They were fired upon by two gunboats of the US Navy. Her boats were to participate in the Battle of Lake Borgne.{{sfn|James|1902|pp=232-234}} Her officers and crew qualified for the clasps to the Naval General Service Medal that the Admiralty issued in 1847 to all surviving claimants, for the former and latter actions of 17 August 1814 and 14 December 1814 respectively.{{efn|The 'Names of Ships for which Claims have been proved' are as follows: warships Tonnant, Norge, Royal Oak, Ramillies, Bedford, Armide, Cydnus, Trave, Seahorse, Sophie, and Meteor; troopships Gorgon, Diomede, Alceste, and Belle Poule.}} {{London Gazette|issue=20939|page=247|date=26 January 1849}}

Seahorse stopped off at Prospect Bluff, on the Apalachicola River, to embark 64 Royal Marines. She departed on 15 April 1815, and arrived at Portsmouth on 31 May 1815.{{cite web|url=http://www.nelsonandhisworld.co.uk/forum/viewtopic.php?f=1&t=1569&sid=5a4ef12603261b952d183b69e7c2289e|title=Royal Marines on the Gulf Coast|access-date=19 January 2014|quote=Extracted information from the muster of HMS Seahorse}}

Seahorse was broken up in July 1819.{{sfnp|Winfield|2007|p=144}}

{{Notelist}}

{{reflist|30em}}

• {{cite web |author= |url=http://www.servicehistorique.sga.defense.gouv.fr/contenu/functions/dc/attached/FRSHD_PUB_00000226_dc/FRSHD_PUB_00000226_dc_att-FRSHD_PUB_00000226_01.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306204735/http://www.servicehistorique.sga.defense.gouv.fr/contenu/functions/dc/attached/FRSHD_PUB_00000226_dc/FRSHD_PUB_00000226_dc_att-FRSHD_PUB_00000226_01.pdf |archive-date=2014-03-06 |title=Campagnes (opérations; divisions et stations navales; missions diverses) |work=Inventaire de la sous-série Marine BB4 |volume=1 |publisher= Ministère De la Défense |ref=CITEREFFonds Marine |language=fr | access-date=2 May 2015 |quote=Cette première partie comprend les pages 1 à 312 qui correspondent à l'inventaire des articles BB4 1 à 209, c'est-à-dire les articles correspondant à la période 1790 - 1804}}
• Brooks, Richard & Little, Matthew. (2008). Tracing Your Royal Marine Ancestors: A Guide for Family Historians - Published in Association with the Royal Marines Museum. Pen & Sword, Barnsley. {{ISBN|978-1844158690}} pg86
• {{Cite Colledge2006}}
• {{cite book|last=James |first=William |year=1902 |orig-year=1837 |title=The naval history of Great Britain (1813–1827) |edition=New six volume |volume=6 |location=London |publisher=Macmillan |url=https://archive.org/details/navalhistoryofgr06jameuoft/page/n7/mode/2up}}
• {{cite book|title=L'Amiral Baudin|last=Jurien de La Gravière|first=Jean Pierre Edmond|year=1888|publisher=Plon, Nourrit et Compagnie|location=Paris|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=08O_XGLO43QC|author-link=Jean Pierre Edmond Jurien de La Gravière|language=fr}} (available from page 535 on this PDF file)
• Strathern, Paul (2009) Napoleon in Egypt. (Bantam Books Trade Paperbacks). {{ISBN|978-0553385243}}
• {{cite book |first=Rif|last=Winfield|title=British Warships in the Age of Sail 1794–1817: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates|publisher=Seaforth|year=2007|isbn=978-1-86176-246-7}}
• {{cite book|last1=Winfield |first1=Rif|last2=Roberts |first2=Stephen S. |year=2015 |title=French Warships in the Age of Sail 1786–1861: Design Construction, Careers and Fates |publisher=Seaforth Publishing |isbn=978-1-84832-204-2}}

{{Artois class frigate}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Seahorse (1794)}}

Category:Frigates of the Royal Navy

Category:1794 ships

Category:Ships built on the River Thames

Category:War of 1812 ships of the United Kingdom

Category:Artois-class frigates