HMS Serapis (1779)

{{main|Battle of Flamborough Head}}

Serapis was commissioned in June 1779 under Captain Richard Pearson. Log of Serapis, Naval Historical Society, 1911 On 23 September she engaged the American warship {{USS|Bonhomme Richard|1765|6}} under the command of Captain John Paul Jones in the North Sea at Flamborough Head, England. At the time of this battle, the ship carried 46 guns, mounting 2 additional six 6-pounders. Log of Serapis, Naval History Society, 1911 The two vessels exchanged heavy fire and Bonhomme Richard lost most of her firepower, but by attaching the two ships together, Jones was able to overcome much of Pearson's advantage of greater firepower (although the Bonhomme Richard was a larger ship with a considerably greater crew).Crocker (2004), p.65. The famous quote, "I have not yet begun to fight!" was Jones's response to Pearson's premature call for Bonhomme Richard to surrender. The battle raged on for three hours as the crew of Bonhomme Richard tenaciously fought Serapis, raking her deck with gunfire. Eventually, {{USS|Alliance|1778|6}}, a frigate in Jones's squadron, began firing at both the attached ships indiscriminately. Bonhomme Richard began to sink, but Captain Pearson, unable to aim his guns at the frigate because he was tied to Jones's ship, surrendered, handing Serapis over to the Americans.

Jones sailed to the neutral Dutch Republic, but diplomatic complications arose because the Dutch authorities did not recognize the United States. Jones renamed his capture Serapis. An improvised Serapis flag was secretly entered into the Dutch records to avoid the charges of piracy. Serapis and her consort, HM hired armed ship {{ship||Countess of Scarborough|1777 ship|2}}, were later declared as French captures.

Although the two British vessels had lost the battle, they had succeeded perfectly in protecting the very valuable convoy, and both captains were well rewarded.

Between October and December 1779 Serapis was in the Texel. By September 1780 she was probably at Lorient.{{sfnp|Demerliac|1996|p=56|loc=No.327}}

The French Royal Navy commissioned Sérapis, and loaned her to a civilian master named Roche who planned to use the ship against the British in the Indian Ocean.{{sfnp|Roche|2005|p=411}}

On 31 July 1781, Sérapis was at Madagascar, trading spirits and arak for rice,{{sfnp|Cunat|1852|p=92}} when the load master, lieutenant de frégate L'Héritier,{{sfnp|Cunat|1852|p=380}} had candles taken out of their fire-proof lanterns. The candles ignited alcohol vapour in the hull.{{sfnp|Cunat|1852|p=92}} The crew fought the fire for two and a half hours, but the flames eventually burned through the walls of the spirit locker and reached a powder magazine. The resulting explosion ripped the stern off the ship, sinking her. While eight men lost their lives, 215 people survived. The privateer Daliram returned them to Île Sainte-Marie, Madagascar.{{sfnp|Demerliac|1996|p=56|loc=No.327}}

In November 1999, American nautical archeologists Richard Swete and Michael Tuttle located the remains of Serapis at Île Sainte-Marie.

• Serapis flag

{{Reflist|30em}}

• {{cite book|last=Crocker III|first=H. W.|title=Don't Tread on Me|publisher=Crown Forum|year=2006|location=New York|isbn=978-1-4000-5363-6|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/donttreadonme40000croc |oclc=823778752}}
• {{cite book |last1=Cunat |first1=Charles |authorlink1=Charles Cunat|title=Histoire du Bailli de Suffren |date=1852 |publisher=A. Marteville et Lefas |location=Rennes |pages=447 |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k5787724w |oclc=490894280}}
• {{cite book|title=La Marine de Louis XVI: Nomenclature des Navires Français de 1774 à 1792|last=Demerliac|first=Alain|year=1996|publisher=Éditions Ancre |language=French |isbn=9782906381230 |oclc=468324725 }}
• {{cite book | last = Rankin | first = Stuart | title = Shipyards, Granaries and Wharves, Maritime Rotherhithe, History Walk B | publisher = Southwark Council | date = July 2004 | location = London | url = http://www.southwark.gov.uk/download/1835/granaries_shipyards_and_wharves_information_booklet | isbn = 0-905849-37-X | url-status = dead | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20110608192216/http://www.southwark.gov.uk/download/1835/granaries_shipyards_and_wharves_information_booklet | archivedate = 8 June 2011 | df = dmy-all }}
• {{cite book|last=Roche|first=Jean-Michel|year=2005|title=Dictionnaire des bâtiments de la flotte de guerre française de Colbert à nos jours|isbn=978-2-9525917-0-6|oclc=165892922|publisher=Group Retozel-Maury Millau|volume=1}} (1671-1870)
• {{cite book | last = Winfield| first = Rif|title = British Warships of the Age of Sail 1714–1792: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates | publisher = Seaforth| year = 2007|isbn=978-1-86176-295-5 |oclc=132314466}}

• {{Commons category-inline|HMS Serapis (ship, 1779)}}
• [http://www.serapisproject.org/ Serapis Project] - project to locate the Serapis.
• {{cite web |last1=Espitalier-Noel |first1=Micheline |title=Enquête sur Jean Marie Michel Noel |url=https://jmmnoel.blogspot.com/2011/04/lheritier-et-le-naufrage-de-serapis.html |date=3 April 2011}}

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{{Roebuck class ship}}

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Category:Military units and formations of Great Britain in the American Revolutionary War

Category:Shipwrecks in the Indian Ocean

Category:Maritime incidents in 1781

Category:1779 ships

Category:Ships built in Rotherhithe