HNRNPC

This gene belongs to the subfamily of ubiquitously expressed heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs). The hnRNPs are RNA binding proteins and they complex with heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA). These proteins are associated with pre-mRNAs in the nucleus and appear to influence pre-mRNA processing(reference: Koenig J. nature structural and Molecular Biology 2010: iCLIP) and other aspects of mRNA metabolism and transport. While all of the hnRNPs are present in the nucleus, some seem to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The hnRNP proteins have distinct nucleic acid binding properties. Transcriptional regulation by hormonal 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (calcitriol) involves occupancy of vitamin D response elements (VDREs) by HNRNPC or 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-bound vitamin D receptor (VDR).{{cite journal |vauthors=Lisse TS, Liu T, Irmler M, Beckers J, Chen H, Adams JS, Hewison M | title = Gene targeting by the vitamin D response element binding protein reveals a role for vitamin D in osteoblast mTOR signaling. | journal = FASEB J | volume = 25 | issue = 3 | pages = 937–47 | date = March 2011 | pmid = 21123297 | doi = 10.1096/fj.10-172577 | doi-access = free | pmc = 3042839 }}{{cite journal |vauthors=Chen H, Hewison M, Adams JS | title = Functional characterization of heterogeneous nuclear ribonuclear protein C1/C2 in vitamin D resistance: a novel response element-binding protein. | journal = J Biol Chem | volume = 281 | issue = 51 | pages = 39114–20 | date = December 2006 | pmid = 17071612 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.m608006200 | doi-access = free }}{{cite journal |vauthors=Lisse TS, Hewison M, Adams JS | title = Hormone response element binding proteins: novel regulators of vitamin D and estrogen signaling. | journal = Steroids | volume = 76 | issue = 4 | pages = 331–9 | date = March 2011 | pmid = 21236284 | doi = 10.1016/j.steroids.2011.01.002 | pmc=3042887}} This relationship is disrupted by elevated HNRNPC, causing a form of hereditary vitamin D-resistant rickets (HVDRR) in both humans and non-human primates.{{cite journal |vauthors=Adams JS, Chen H, Chun RF, Nguyen L, Wu S, Ren SY, Barsony J, Gacad MA | title = Novel regulators of vitamin D action and metabolism: Lessons learned at the Los Angeles zoo. | journal = J Cell Biochem | volume = 88 | issue = 2 | pages = 308–14 | date = Feb 2003 | pmid = 12520531 | doi = 10.1002/jcb.10333 | s2cid = 25970432 }} The protein encoded by this gene can act as a tetramer and is involved in the assembly of 40S hnRNP particles. Species-specific tetramerization of HNRNPC subunits is important to its nucleic acid binding, whereby over-expression of major human HNRNPC subunits in mouse osteoblastic cells confers vitamin D resistance.{{cite journal |vauthors=Lisse TS, Vadivel K, Bajaj SP, Chun RF, Hewison M, Adams JS | title = The heterodimeric structure of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C1/C2 dictates 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-directed transcriptional events in osteoblasts. | journal = Bone Research | volume = 2 | date = July 2014 | pages = 14011– | pmid = 25506471 | pmc = 4261231 | doi = 10.1038/boneres.2014.11 }} Multiple transcript variants encoding at least two different isoforms have been described for this gene.

HNRNPC has been shown to interact with Grb2.{{cite journal |vauthors=Romero F, Ramos-Morales F, Domínguez A, Rios RM, Schweighoffer F, Tocqué B, Pintor-Toro JA, Fischer S, Tortolero M | title = Grb2 and its apoptotic isoform Grb3-3 associate with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C, and these interactions are modulated by poly(U) RNA | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 273 | issue = 13 | pages = 7776–81 | date = Mar 1998 | pmid = 9516488 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.273.13.7776 | doi-access = free }}

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{{Ribonucleoproteins}}