HORMAD1

HORMAD1 is a cancer/testis antigen that plays a key role in meiotic progression. It has shown to regulate 3 different functions during meiosis. Specifically, it:

1. Ensures that sufficient numbers of processed DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are available for successful homology search by increasing the steady-state numbers of single-stranded DSB ends
2. Promotes synaptonemal-complex formation independently of its role in homology search.
3. Plays a key role in the male mid-pachytene checkpoint and the female meiotic prophase checkpoint: required for efficient build-up of ATR activity on unsynapsed chromosome regions, a process believed to form the basis of meiotic silencing of unsynapsed chromatin (MSUC) and meiotic prophase quality control in both sexes (By similarity) {{cite journal | vauthors = Shin YH, Choi Y, Erdin SU, Yatsenko SA, Kloc M, Yang F, Wang PJ, Meistrich ML, Rajkovic A | display-authors = 6 | title = Hormad1 mutation disrupts synaptonemal complex formation, recombination, and chromosome segregation in mammalian meiosis | journal = PLOS Genetics | volume = 6 | issue = 11 | pages = e1001190 | date = November 2010 | pmid = 21079677 | pmc = 2973818 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pgen.1001190 | doi-access = free }}

HORMAD1 has been shown to have a role in Triple-Negative Breast Cancers {{cite journal | vauthors = Watkins J, Weekes D, Shah V, Gazinska P, Joshi S, Sidhu B, Gillett C, Pinder S, Vanoli F, Jasin M, Mayrhofer M, Isaksson A, Cheang MC, Mirza H, Frankum J, Lord CJ, Ashworth A, Vinayak S, Ford JM, Telli ML, Grigoriadis A, Tutt AN | display-authors = 6 | title = Genomic Complexity Profiling Reveals That HORMAD1 Overexpression Contributes to Homologous Recombination Deficiency in Triple-Negative Breast Cancers | journal = Cancer Discovery | volume = 5 | issue = 5 | pages = 488–505 | date = May 2015 | pmid = 25770156 | doi = 10.1158/2159-8290.CD-14-1092 | pmc = 4490184 | url = }} and in Lung Adenocarcinomas.{{cite journal | vauthors = Gao Y, Kardos J, Yang Y, Tamir TY, Mutter-Rottmayer E, Weissman B, Major MB, Kim WY, Vaziri C | display-authors = 6 | title = The Cancer/Testes (CT) Antigen HORMAD1 promotes Homologous Recombinational DNA Repair and Radioresistance in Lung adenocarcinoma cells | journal = Scientific Reports | volume = 8 | issue = 1 | pages = 15304 | date = October 2018 | pmid = 30333500 | doi = 10.1038/s41598-018-33601-w | pmc = 6192992 | bibcode = 2018NatSR...815304G | url = }} In particular, the Watkins et al., paper suggested that overexpression of HORMAD1 is a driver of homologous recombination repair deficiency in these types of breast cancers, and induced widespread allelic imbalances in the genome with implications for platinum and PARP inhibitor sensitivity.

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• {{cite journal | vauthors = Mehrle A, Rosenfelder H, Schupp I, del Val C, Arlt D, Hahne F, Bechtel S, Simpson J, Hofmann O, Hide W, Glatting KH, Huber W, Pepperkok R, Poustka A, Wiemann S | display-authors = 6 | title = The LIFEdb database in 2006 | journal = Nucleic Acids Research | volume = 34 | issue = Database issue | pages = D415-8 | date = January 2006 | pmid = 16381901 | pmc = 1347501 | doi = 10.1093/nar/gkj139 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Pangas SA, Yan W, Matzuk MM, Rajkovic A | title = Restricted germ cell expression of a gene encoding a novel mammalian HORMA domain-containing protein | journal = Gene Expression Patterns | volume = 5 | issue = 2 | pages = 257–63 | date = December 2004 | pmid = 15567723 | doi = 10.1016/j.modgep.2004.07.008 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Wiemann S, Arlt D, Huber W, Wellenreuther R, Schleeger S, Mehrle A, Bechtel S, Sauermann M, Korf U, Pepperkok R, Sültmann H, Poustka A | display-authors = 6 | title = From ORFeome to biology: a functional genomics pipeline | journal = Genome Research | volume = 14 | issue = 10B | pages = 2136–44 | date = October 2004 | pmid = 15489336 | pmc = 528930 | doi = 10.1101/gr.2576704 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Simpson JC, Wellenreuther R, Poustka A, Pepperkok R, Wiemann S | title = Systematic subcellular localization of novel proteins identified by large-scale cDNA sequencing | journal = EMBO Reports | volume = 1 | issue = 3 | pages = 287–92 | date = September 2000 | pmid = 11256614 | pmc = 1083732 | doi = 10.1093/embo-reports/kvd058 }}
• {{cite journal | vauthors = Hartley JL, Temple GF, Brasch MA | title = DNA cloning using in vitro site-specific recombination | journal = Genome Research | volume = 10 | issue = 11 | pages = 1788–95 | date = November 2000 | pmid = 11076863 | pmc = 310948 | doi = 10.1101/gr.143000 }}

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