HUBO#DARPA Robotics Challenge

Korea's history in robotics engineering is relatively short. KAIST only began research in 2000, led by professor Oh Jun-ho. The first prototype, KHR-0, consisting of two legs without an upper body was built in 2001. KHR-1 was developed without a head or hands released in 2003, followed by a complete humanoid KHR-2 in 2004.{{cn|date=August 2023}}

The KHR-3's physical specifications, such as height, weight, and the number of DOFs (degrees of freedom), were similar to Honda's ASIMO, which served as the benchmark for the project. In terms of AI and movements, HUBO fell short of the "next-gen ASIMO," which was unveiled three months later. While HUBO could only walk at 1.25 km/h, the ASIMO could walk at 2.5 km/h and also run at 3 km/h. The ASIMO was also capable of walking up and down stairs, which was a temporary shortcoming for HUBO needing further development. KAIST researchers noted, however, that HUBO could play kai-bai-bo (the Korean version of rock paper scissors), which was impossible for ASIMO since its fingers could not move independently of each other.{{cn|date=August 2023}}

Albert HUBO ({{langx|ko|알버트 휴보}}) is a humanoid robot, based on the HUBO, but with an animatronic head in the likeness of Albert Einstein. In November 2005, KAIST, Korea and Dallas, Texas based Hanson Robotics, Inc (HRI) released the world's first android head mounted on a life-size walking bi-pedal frame at the APEC Summit in Seoul, Korea.{{cite book|last1=Oh|first1=Jun-ho|last2=Hanson|first2=David|last3=Kim|first3=Won-sup|last4=Han|first4=Young|last5=Kim|first5=Jung-yup|last6=Park|first6=Ill-woo|title=2006 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems |chapter=Design of Android type Humanoid Robot Albert HUBO |date=15 January 2007|chapter-url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/224685057|pages=1428–1433|doi=10.1109/IROS.2006.281935|isbn=978-1-4244-0258-8|s2cid=11523357|via=ResearchGate}}{{cite web|title=Albert Einstein HUBO - Hanson Robotics Ltd.|url=http://www.hansonrobotics.com/robot/albert-einstein-hubo/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170401054942/http://www.hansonrobotics.com/robot/albert-einstein-hubo/|archive-date=1 April 2017|accessdate=6 October 2017|website=Hanson Robotics}} The walking frame was based on the KHR-3 HUBO, while the head was an exact recreation of the late physicist, Albert Einstein. The android was able to speak and cover a wide range of natural facial expressions, built upon prior HRI development on the Philip K. Dick android, which made its official debut at the Wired Magazine NextFest '05 in Chicago, Illinois. The humanoid prototype was officially dubbed "Albert Einstein Hubo".

It was developed by Joon-Ho Oh of KAIST in conjunction with Hanson Robotics, who developed the head.{{cite web|last=Guizzo|first=Erico|date=2010-03-31|title=Hubo II Humanoid Robot Is Lighter and Faster, Makes His Creator Proud|url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/033010-hubo-ii-humanoid-robot-is-lighter-and-faster|url-status=live|access-date=11 November 2013|website=IEEE Spectrum|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100402224135/http://spectrum.ieee.org:80/automaton/robotics/humanoids/033010-hubo-ii-humanoid-robot-is-lighter-and-faster? |archive-date=2010-04-02 }} Albert HUBO served as the ambassador of "DYNAMIC KOREA", an initiative by the government of South Korea to rebrand and promote its technology internationally.{{cite book|last1=Dufty|first1=David|title=Losing the Head of Philip K. Dick|date=2012|publisher=Oneworld Publications|isbn=9781780740799|page=216|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RSYNLRMtS88C&pg=PA216|accessdate=6 October 2017|language=en}} Albert HUBO is capable of making many facial expressions and interacting with people.{{cite news|last=Ng|first=Amanda|date=21 November 2009|title=Einstein Robot 'Albert Hubo' Brings Physicist Back To Life (VIDEO)|work=The Huffington Post|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2009/11/21/einstein-robot-albert-hub_n_363953.html|accessdate=11 November 2013}}

Albert HUBO is 1.37 m tall and weighs 57 kg. Its walking speed is 1.25 km per hour, walking cycle is 0.95 seconds per step, and stride is 32 cm per step. Albert HUBO runs on Windows XP and RTX.

Jaemi HUBO was developed from 2008 to 2009. The complete humanoid robot was given a slimmer design with an aluminum endoskeleton and a polycarbonate frame, resulting in a slightly taller height but a 20% lighter weight than its predecessors. Its movements were more realistic since the arms made quicker and more natural motions, and the legs could stretch to imitate human walking, which also consumes less energy than the traditional humanoid walking based on the Zero Moment Point trajectory. Its walking speed was improved to 1.5 km/h, and it also acquired the ability to run at 3.0 km/h (which is still much slower than the new ASIMO's 9 km/h by comparison).{{cn|date=August 2023}}

A HUBO entered by TEAM KAIST was the winner of the DARPA Robotics Challenge finals on June 6, 2015.{{cite news|author1=Markoff|first=John|date=June 6, 2015|title=Korean Robot Makers Walk Off With $2 Million Prize|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/07/science/korean-robot-makers-walk-off-with-2-million-prize.html|access-date=June 7, 2015}}{{cite web|title=Robots from Republic of Korea and United States take home $3.5 million in prizes|url=http://www.theroboticschallenge.org|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160428005028/http://www.darparoboticschallenge.org/|archive-date=April 28, 2016|access-date=June 7, 2015|website=DARPA Robotics Challenge}} The machine, called DRC-Hubo, is an adaptable multifunctional device with the ability to transform from a walking robot to rolling on four wheels by bending and using wheels incorporated into its knees. One of the tasks was to climb stairs, which the DRC-Hubo was able to do by transforming into its walking posture.{{cite news|author1=Knight|first=Will|date=June 5, 2015|title=A Transformer Wins DARPA's Robotics Challenge|work=MIT Technology Review|url=https://www.technologyreview.com/2015/06/05/167791/a-transformer-wins-darpas-2-million-robotics-challenge/|access-date=March 3, 2021|quote=DRC-Hubo claimed first place on Saturday afternoon by rising awkwardly from four wheels, and ascending several metal stairs with a series of slow, halting steps.}}

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{{Reflist}}

{{Commons category|Robots of Hubo Labs}}

• [http://news.empas.com/show.tsp/cp_ch/20041222n00697/ Empas News (Korean)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071212001535/http://news.empas.com/show.tsp/cp_ch/20041222n00697/ |date=2007-12-12 }}
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20041229181537/http://english.chosun.com/w21data/html/news/200412/200412220012.html The Chosun Ilbo]
• [http://times.hankooki.com/lpage/tech/200411/kt2004112316265112350.htm The Korea Times] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050403084753/http://times.hankooki.com/lpage/tech/200411/kt2004112316265112350.htm |date=2005-04-03 }}
• [http://www.hansonrobotics.com/ Albert Einstein Hubo: by Hanson Robotics and KAIST]
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20060307131541/http://pcweb.mycom.co.jp/cgi-bin/print?id=26124 Two movies with Hubo] (Site in Japanese, stream requires Windows Media)
• [https://web.archive.org/web/20111115213234/http://hubolab.co.kr/AlbertHUBO.php HUBO Lab]
• [http://hansonrobotics.com/ Hanson Robotics]
• {{cite web |title=Albert HUBO (including movie) |url=https://www.hansonrobotics.com/albert-hubo/ |website=Hanson Robotics}}

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Category:Robots of South Korea

Category:Bipedal humanoid robots

Category:2005 robots

Category:KAIST