Ha (kana)
{{Refimprove|date=December 2009}}
{{For|the Chinese character|八}}
{{Infobox kana
| Hiragana image = Japanese Hiragana kyokashotai HA.svg
| Katakana image = Japanese Katakana kyokashotai HA.svg
| Transliteration = ha, wa
| Transliteration Dakuten = ba
| Transliteration Handakuten = pa
| Hiragana Manyogana = 波
| Katakana Manyogana = 八
| Other Manyogana = 八 方 芳 房 半 伴 倍 泊 波 婆 破 薄 播 幡 羽 早 者 速 葉 歯
| Dakuten Manyogana = 伐 婆 磨 魔
| Braille = File:Japanese Ha Braille.svg
| Unicode = U+306F, U+30CF
| flag1 = 10
| footnote = This mora was historically pronounced as "pa".
| Spelling = はがきのハ Hagaki no "ha"
}}
{{kana gojuon sidebar}}
Ha (hiragana: は, katakana: ハ) is one of the Japanese kana, each of which represent one mora. Both represent {{IPA|[ha]}}. They are also used as a grammatical particle (in such cases, they denote {{IPA|[wa]}}, including in the greeting "kon'nichiwa") and serve as the topic marker of the sentence. は originates from 波 and ハ from 八.
In the Sakhalin dialect of the Ainu language, the katakana ハ can be written as small ㇵ to represent a final h sound after an a sound (アㇵ ah).{{Cite web|url=http://www.alanwood.net/unicode/katakana_phonetic_extensions.html|title = Katakana Phonetic Extensions – Test for Unicode support in Web browsers}} This, along with other extended katakana, was developed by Japanese linguists to represent sounds in Ainu not present in standard Japanese katakana.
When used as a particle, は is pronounced as わ [wa]. は is also pronounced as わ in some words (e.g. もののあはれ pronounced as mono no aware).
| class="wikitable"
!Form |
| rowspan="2"|Normal h- (は行 ha-gyō) |ha |は |ハ |
|---|
| haa hā |はあ, はぁ |ハア, ハァ |
| rowspan="2"|Addition dakuten b- (ば行 ba-gyō) |ba |ば |バ |
| baa bā |ばあ, ばぁ |バア, バァ |
| rowspan="2"|Addition handakuten p- (ぱ行 pa-gyō) |pa |ぱ |パ |
| paa pā |ぱあ, ぱぁ |パア, パァ |
Stroke order
| File:Hiragana は stroke order animation.gif |
The Hiragana は is made with three strokes:
- A vertical line on the left side with a small curve.
- A horizontal stroke near the center.
- A vertical stroke on the right at the center of the second stroke followed by a loop near the end.
{{Clear right}}
The Katakana ハ is made with two strokes:
- A straight stroke from the top pointing towards the bottom left.
- Another straight stroke going the opposite way, i.e. from the top to the bottom right
{{Clear right}}
The hiragana は is read as "wa" when it represents a particle.
Other communicative representations
{{Letter reps|lang=Japanese|radio={{lang|ja|はがきのハ}}|radio_trans=Hagaki no "Ha"|morse=-・・・ |morse_sound=B morse code.ogg|flag_img=ICS Bravo.svg|sign_img=HA-jsl-yubimoji.png|sem1=Japanese Semaphore Basic Stroke 10.svg|braille_img=Japanese Ha Braille.svg|braille=⠥}}
- Full Braille representation
| class="wikitable nowrap" style="text-align:center" | |||||
| colspan=6| は / ハ in Japanese Braille | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| は / ハ ha | ば / バ ba | ぱ / パ pa | はあ / ハー hā | ばあ / バー bā | ぱあ / パー pā |
| {{Braille cell|type=kana|size=30px|は}} | {{Braille cell|type=kana|size=30px|5|は}} | {{Braille cell|type=kana|size=30px|6|は}} | {{Braille cell|type=kana|size=30px|は|25}} | {{Braille cell|type=kana|size=30px|5|は|25}} | {{Braille cell|type=kana|size=30px|6|は|25}} |
| colspan=6| Other kana based on Braille は | |||||
| ひゃ / ヒャ hya | びゃ / ビャ bya | ぴゃ / ピャ pya | ひゃあ / ヒャー hyā | びゃあ / ビャー byā | ぴゃあ / ピャー pyā |
| {{Braille cell|type=kana|size=30px|4|は}} | {{Braille cell|type=kana|size=30px|45|は}} | {{Braille cell|type=kana|size=30px|46|は}} | {{Braille cell|type=kana|size=30px|4|は|25}} | {{Braille cell|type=kana|size=30px|45|は|25}} | {{Braille cell|type=kana|size=30px|46|は|25}} |
{{charmap
|306F|name1=Hiragana Letter Ha
|30CF|name2=Katakana Letter Ha
|FF8A|name3=Halfwidth Katakana Letter Ha
|31F5|name4=Katakana Letter Small Ha
|32E9|name5=Circled Katakana Ha
|map1=Shift JIS (plain){{cite web |url=https://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/OBSOLETE/EASTASIA/JIS/SHIFTJIS.TXT |title=Shift-JIS to Unicode |author=Unicode Consortium |author-link=Unicode Consortium |date=2015-12-02 |orig-year=1994-03-08}}|map1char1=82 CD|map1char2=83 6E|map1char3=CA
|map2=Shift JIS-2004{{cite web |url=http://x0213.org/codetable/sjis-0213-2004-std.txt |title=Shift_JIS-2004 (JIS X 0213:2004 Appendix 1) vs Unicode mapping table |date=2009-05-03 |author=Project X0213}}|map2char1=82 CD|map2char2=83 6E|map2char3=CA|map2char4=83 F1
|map3=EUC-JP (plain){{cite web |url=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/unicode-org/icu/master/icu4c/source/data/mappings/euc-jp-2007.ucm |title=EUC-JP-2007 |author1=Unicode Consortium |author-link1=Unicode Consortium |author2=IBM |author-link2=IBM |work=International Components for Unicode}}|map3char1=A4 CF|map3char2=A5 CF|map3char3=8E CA
|map4=EUC-JIS-2004{{cite web |url=http://x0213.org/codetable/euc-jis-2004-std.txt |title=EUC-JIS-2004 (JIS X 0213:2004 Appendix 3) vs Unicode mapping table |date=2009-05-03 |author=Project X0213}}|map4char1=A4 CF|map4char2=A5 CF|map4char3=8E CA|map4char4=A6 F3
|map5=GB 18030{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/GB18030-2005|title=GB 18030-2005: Information Technology—Chinese coded character set|last=Standardization Administration of China (SAC)|date=2005-11-18}}|map5char1=A4 CF|map5char2=A5 CF|map5char3=84 31 99 38|map5char4=81 39 BC 39
|map6=EUC-KR{{cite web |url=https://raw.githubusercontent.com/unicode-org/icu/master/icu4c/source/data/mappings/ibm-970_P110_P110-2006_U2.ucm |title=IBM-970 |author1=Unicode Consortium |author-link1=Unicode Consortium |author2=IBM |author-link2=IBM |work=International Components for Unicode}} / UHC{{cite web |url=https://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/VENDORS/MICSFT/WINDOWS/CP949.TXT |title=cp949 to Unicode table |last=Steele |first=Shawn |publisher=Microsoft / Unicode Consortium |date=2000}}|map6char1=AA CF|map6char2=AB CF
|map7=Big5 (non-ETEN kana){{cite web |url=https://www.unicode.org/Public/MAPPINGS/OBSOLETE/EASTASIA/OTHER/BIG5.TXT |title=BIG5 to Unicode table (complete) |author=Unicode Consortium |author-link=Unicode Consortium |date=2015-12-02 |orig-year=1994-02-11}}|map7char1=C6 D3|map7char2=C7 67
|map8=Big5 (ETEN / HKSCS){{cite web |url=https://encoding.spec.whatwg.org/big5.html |title=big5 |work=Encoding Standard |publisher=WHATWG |last=van Kesteren |first=Anne |author-link=Anne van Kesteren}}|map8char1=C7 56|map8char2=C7 CB
}}
{{charmap
|3070|name1=Hiragana Letter Ba
|30D0|name2=Katakana Letter Ba
|3071|name3=Hiragana Letter Pa
|30D1|name4=Katakana Letter Pa
|map1=Shift JIS|map1char1=82 CE|map1char2=83 6F|map1char3=82 CF|map1char4=83 70
|map2=EUC-JP|map2char1=A4 D0|map2char2=A5 D0|map2char3=A4 D1|map2char4=A5 D1
|map3=GB 18030|map3char1=A4 D0|map3char2=A5 D0|map3char3=A4 D1|map3char4=A5 D1
|map4=EUC-KR / UHC|map4char1=AA D0|map4char2=AB D0|map4char3=AA D1|map4char4=AB D1
|map5=Big5 (non-ETEN kana)|map5char1=C6 D4|map5char2=C7 68|map5char3=C6 D5|map5char4=C7 69
|map6=Big5 (ETEN / HKSCS)|map6char1=C7 57|map6char2=C7 CC|map6char3=C7 58|map6char4=C7 CD
}}
See also
References
{{Wiktionary|は|ば|ぱ}}
{{Reflist}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ha (Kana)}}