Ha language
{{Short description|Language spoken in Tanzania}}
{{For|the language of Hainan Island, China|Hlai languages}}
{{For|the ISO 639-1 code "ha"|Hausa language}}
{{Infobox language
| name = Ha
| nativename = {{lang|haq|Igiha}}
| states = Tanzania
| ethnicity = Abaha
| speakers = 990,000
| date = 2001
| ref = e18
| familycolor = Niger-Congo
| fam2 = Atlantic–Congo
| fam3 = Volta-Congo
| fam4 = Benue–Congo
| fam5 = Bantoid
| fam6 = Southern Bantoid
| fam7 = Bantu
| fam8 = Northeast Bantu
| fam9 = Great Lakes Bantu
| fam10 = Rwanda-Rundi
| iso3 = haq
| glotto = haaa1252
| glottorefname = Ha
| guthrie = JD.66
| script = Latin (proposed){{Citation |last=Harjula |first=Lotta |title=Designing Orthography for the Ha Language |date=2006 |work=Africa in the long run |pages=173-183|url=https://researchportal.helsinki.fi/en/publications/designing-orthography-for-the-ha-language |access-date=2025-01-06 |series=Studia Orientalia |place=Helsinki |publisher=Finnish Oriental Society |isbn=978-951-9380-67-4}}
}}
Ha, also known with the Bantu language prefix as Giha, Igiha, or Kiha, is a Bantu language spoken by the Ha people of the Kigoma Region of Tanzania, spoken on the eastern side of Lake Tanganyika up to the headwaters of the Mikonga. It is closely related to the languages of Rwanda and Burundi; neighboring dialects are reported to be mutually intelligible with Kirundi.Article by Spiridion Shyirambere in: Le Français hors de France sous la direction de A. Valdman, Editions Honoré Champion, 7 quai Mallasquai, Paris, 1979. The "zone of intercomprehension" is also reported to include KinyaRwanda, Hima and Luganda, and several other local languages.
Phonology
= Consonants =
class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="2" | |
colspan="2" |Nasal
|{{IPA link|m}} | |{{IPA link|n}} |{{IPA link|ɲ}} | | |
---|
rowspan="2" |Plosive
!voiceless |{{IPA link|p}} | |{{IPA link|t}} | |{{IPA link|k}} | |
voiced
|{{IPA link|b}} | |{{IPA link|d}} |{{IPA link|ɟ}} |{{IPA link|ɡ}} | |
colspan="2" |Affricate
| |{{IPA link|p͡f}} |{{IPA link|t͡s}} |{{IPA link|t͡ʃ}} | | |
rowspan="2" |Fricative
!voiceless | |{{IPA link|f}} |{{IPA link|s}} |{{IPA link|ʃ}} | |{{IPA link|h}} |
voiced
|({{IPA link|β}}) |{{IPA link|v}} |{{IPA link|z}} | | | |
colspan="2" |Tap
| | |{{IPA link|ɾ}} | | | |
colspan="2" |Approximant
| | |({{IPA link|l}}) |{{IPA link|j}} |{{IPA link|w}} | |
- {{IPA|/ɾ/}} is heard as {{IPA|[l]}} among different dialects in free variation.
- {{IPA|/b/}} can be heard as either {{IPA|[b]}} or {{IPA|[β]}} in complementary distribution.{{Cite book |last=Harjula |first=Lotta |title=Designing orthography for the Ha language |publisher=Helsinki: Finnish Oriental Soc. |year=2006 |location=In Studia Orientalia Electronica, 103 |pages=173–184}}
= Vowels =
Further reading
- Bichwa, Saul S. 2018. "The Role of Prosodic Units in the Study of Giha." Arusha Working Papers in African Linguistics, 1(1): 81-90.
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- [http://globalrecordings.net/en/program/C09300 Bible recordings in Ha]
- [https://web.archive.org/web/20090302180153/http://www.koeppe.de/katalog/katalog_detail.php?lan=en&ISBN=3-89645-027-1 Brief overview of Ha]
{{Languages of Tanzania}}
{{Narrow Bantu languages (Zones C–D)}}
{{Narrow Bantu languages (Zones J–M)}}
{{Authority control}}
Category:Languages of Tanzania
Category:Rwanda-Rundi languages
{{Bantu-lang-stub}}