Hackney (UK Parliament constituency)
{{Short description|Parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom, 1868–1885}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox UK constituency
|name = Hackney
|type = Borough
|parliament = uk
|year = 1868
|abolished = 1885
|elects_howmany = two
|previous = Tower Hamlets (former north part of)
|next = Bethnal Green North East, Bethnal Green South West, Hackney North, Hackney Central, Hackney South, Hoxton and Shoreditch Haggerston
|}}
Hackney was a two-seat constituency in the House of Commons of the UK Parliament created under the Representation of the People Act 1867 (often termed Second Reform Act) from the former northern parishes of the Tower Hamlets constituency and abolished under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 (often termed a twin Third Reform Act, with its enabling Reform Act 1884).
The constituency existed in its two-seat form for three general elections and returned two Liberal Party Members at each election until its abolition. At abolition it was noted intense house- and apartment (tenement block-) building had occurred within its boundaries and it was divided into seven single seats.
Boundaries
The vestry of the civil parish of Hackney became a local government authority in 1855.
The parliamentary borough of Hackney was established in 1868 and its area formed part of the east of the historic county of Middlesex. It comprised:
| class=wikitable
|Parishes included | Population in 1871 | Population in 1881 | Total electorate 7 Dec 1868 | Total electorate of 20 Nov 1884 |
| The Parish of St Leonard, Shoreditch[http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1867/102/pdfs/ukpga_18670102_en.pdf?view=extent Reform Act 1867, Sch C.] Legislation.gov.uk, publisher; UK Government | not known | not known | rowspan=3|40,613F.W.S. Craig (ed.), British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885 (London: The Macmillan Press Ltd, 1977) | rowspan=3|48,076 |
| The Parish of St Matthew, Bethnal Green | non known | not known | ||
| The Parish of St John, Hackney | 115,1101881 Census of England and Wales, Population tables 2, Table 4 , 'Area, Houses, and Population of Civil Parishes in the several Registration Sub-Districts in 1871 and 1881' | 163,681 |
The area thus formed the northern rump of Shoreditch and rest of the north of the former parliamentary borough of Tower Hamlets (Hackney accounted for the northernmost of the Hamlets in the nineteenth century, see Tower Division). The area was to the east of Islington and Hornsey, south of Tottenham in its county and west of Walthamstow in Essex.
In 1885 the two-member constituency was abolished. In 1889 the former area, for administrative purposes, became part of the London County Council local authority. In 1900 the main civil vestry was dissolved and the Metropolitan Borough of Hackney was created (with the same boundaries as the Parliamentary Borough). Since 1965 it has been part of Greater London.
Members of Parliament
Image:Henry Fawcett; Dame Millicent Garrett Fawcett (née Garrett) by Ford Madox Brown.jpg, 1872, National Portrait Gallery, London]]
Image:John Holms Vanity Fair 18 February 1882.jpg) in Vanity Fair, February 1882]]
Image:James Stuart Vanity Fair 1899-10-05.jpeg"
Stuart as caricatured by "Stuff" in Vanity Fair, October 1899]]
| class="wikitable" | |||
| colspan="3"|Election | First member {{Rayment-hc|h|1|date=March 2012}}
!First party !Second party | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Liberal Party (UK)}}" | | style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Liberal Party (UK)}}" rowspan="3"|
|1868 | Liberal
|rowspan="3"| John Holms | rowspan="3"| Liberal |
| style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Liberal Party (UK)}}" | | Liberal | ||
| style="color:inherit;background-color: {{party color|Liberal Party (UK)}}" | | Liberal | ||
| colspan="2"|
|1885 |colspan="4"|Constituency abolished. See Hackney North, Hackney Central and Hackney South |
Elections
Turnout, in multi-member elections, is estimated by dividing the number of votes by two. To the extent that electors did not use both their votes, the figure given will be an underestimate.
Change is calculated for individual candidates, when a party had more than one candidate in an election or the previous one. When a party had only one candidate in an election and the previous one change is calculated for the party vote.
=Elections in the 1860s=
{{Election box begin |
|title=General election 1868: Hackney (2 seats)}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = Charles Reed
|votes = 14,785
|percentage = 36.0
|change =
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = John Holms
|votes = 12,243
|percentage = 29.8
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = Charles Salisbury Butler
|votes = 6,825
|percentage = 16.6
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate = Charles Locock Webb{{cite news|title=The General Election|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000183/18681117/003/0002|accessdate=15 February 2018|work=London Evening Standard|date=17 November 1868|pages=2–3|via = British Newspaper Archive|url-access=subscription }}
|votes = 2,633
|percentage = 6.4
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = Lothian Sheffield Dickson
|votes = 2,575
|percentage = 6.3
|change =
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = John James Homer{{cite news|title=Hackney|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0001427/18680903/033/0003|accessdate=15 February 2018|work=Morning Advertiser|date=3 September 1868|page=3|via = British Newspaper Archive|url-access=subscription }}
|votes = 2,021
|percentage = 4.9
|change =
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 5,418
|percentage = 13.2
|change =
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 21,858 (est)
|percentage = 53.8 (est)
|change =
}}
{{Election box Registered electors|
|reg. electors = 40,613
}}
{{Election box new seat win|
|winner = Liberal Party (UK)
}}
{{Election box new seat win|
|winner = Liberal Party (UK)
}}
{{Election box end}}
=Elections in the 1870s=
{{Election box begin |
|title=General election 1874: Hackney (2 seats)}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = John Holms
|votes = 6,968
|percentage = 34.5
|change = +4.7
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = Charles Reed
|votes = 6,893
|percentage = 34.2
|change = −1.8
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate = William Gill{{cite news|title=Hackney Election|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000312/18740428/016/0003|accessdate=31 December 2017|work=Cheltenham Chronicle|date=28 April 1874|page=3}}
|votes = 6,310
|percentage = 31.3
|change = +24.9
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 583
|percentage =2.9
|change = −10.3
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 13,241 (est)
|percentage = 32.4 (est)
|change = −21.4
}}
{{Election box Registered electors|
|reg. electors = 40,870
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Liberal Party (UK)
|swing = −3.9
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Liberal Party (UK)
|swing = −8.1
}}
{{Election box end}}
- Election declared void on petition
{{Election box begin |
|title=By-election, 25 April 1874: Hackney (2 seats)}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = John Holms
|votes = 10,905
|percentage = 35.9
|change = +1.4
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = Henry Fawcett
|votes = 10,476
|percentage = 34.5
|change = +0.3
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate = William Gill
|votes = 8,994
|percentage = 29.6
|change = −1.7
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 1,482
|percentage = 4.9
|change = +2.0
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 19,685 (est)
|percentage = 48.2 (est)
|change = +15.8
}}
{{Election box Registered electors|
|reg. electors = 40,870
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Liberal Party (UK)
|swing = +1.1
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Liberal Party (UK)
|swing = +0.6
}}
{{Election box end}}
=Elections in the 1880s=
{{Election box begin |
|title=General election 1880: Hackney (2 seats){{cite book|editor1-last=Craig|editor1-first=F. W. S.|editor-link=F. W. S. Craig|title=British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885|date=1977|publisher=Macmillan Press|location=London|isbn=978-1-349-02349-3|edition=1st|type=e-book|page=11}}
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = Henry Fawcett
|votes = 18,366
|percentage = 40.2
|change = +6.0
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = John Holms
|votes = 16,997
|percentage = 37.2
|change = +2.7
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate = George Trout Bartley
|votes = 10,332
|percentage = 22.6
|change = −8.7
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 6,675
|percentage =14.6
|change =+11.7
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 28,688 (est)
|percentage = 65.5 (est)
|change = +33.1
}}
{{Election box Registered electors|
|reg. electors = 43,773
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Liberal Party (UK)
|swing = +5.2
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Liberal Party (UK)
|swing = +3.5
}}
{{Election box end}}
The appointment of Fawcett as Postmaster General and Holms as a Lord Commissioner of the Treasury caused a by-election for both seats.
{{Election box begin |
|title=By-election, 7 May 1880: Hackney (2 seats)}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link|
|party = Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = Henry Fawcett
}}
{{Election box winning candidate unopposed with party link|
|party = Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = John Holms
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Liberal Party (UK)
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|
|winner = Liberal Party (UK)
}}
{{Election box end}}
The death of Fawcett caused a by-election.
{{Election box begin |
|title=By-election, 20 Nov 1884: Hackney
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|
|party = Liberal Party (UK)
|candidate = James Stuart
|votes = 14,540
|percentage = 63.0
|change = −14.4
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|
|party = Conservative Party (UK)
|candidate = Alexander MacAlister{{cite news|title=The Hackney Election|url=https://www.britishnewspaperarchive.co.uk/viewer/bl/0000174/18841117/024/0003|accessdate=20 December 2017|work=The Morning Post|date=17 November 1884|page=3|via = British Newspaper Archive|url-access=subscription }}
|votes = 8,543
|percentage = 37.0
|change = +14.4
}}
{{Election box majority|
|votes = 5,997
|percentage = 26.0
|change = +11.4
}}
{{Election box turnout|
|votes = 23,083
|percentage = 48.0
|change = −17.5 (est)
}}
{{Election box Registered electors|
|reg. electors = 48,076
}}
{{Election box hold with party link|
|winner = Liberal Party (UK)
|swing = −14.4
}}
{{Election box end}}
References
{{reflist}}
Sources
- Boundaries of Parliamentary Constituencies 1885-1972, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (Parliamentary Reference Publications 1972)
- British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (Macmillan Press 1977)
- Social Geography of British Elections 1885-1910. by Henry Pelling (Macmillan 1967)
- Who's Who of British Members of Parliament: Volume I 1832-1885, edited by M. Stenton (The Harvester Press 1976)
- Who's Who of British Members of Parliament, Volume II 1886-1918, edited by M. Stenton and S. Lees (Harvester Press 1978)
{{Historic constituencies in London
| 1832 = n
| 1868 = y
| 1885 = n
| 1918 = n
| 1950 = n
| 1955 = n
| 1974 = n
| 1983 = n
| 1997 = n
}}
Category:Parliamentary constituencies in London (historic)
Category:Parliamentary constituencies in the London Borough of Hackney
Category:Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom established in 1868
Category:Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom disestablished in 1885