Hadal 1 ARV

{{Short description|Chinese submarine drone}}

{{Infobox ship begin}} {{Infobox ship career |Hide header= |Ship country= PRC |Ship flag= {{Shipboxflag|China}} |Ship name=Hadal |Ship namesake= Hadal zone |Ship ordered=1 |Ship awarded=1 |Ship builder=SIA |Ship original cost= |Ship yard number= |Ship way number= |Ship laid down= |Ship launched=2019 |Ship sponsor= |Ship christened=2019 |Ship completed=2019 |Ship acquired=2019 |Ship commissioned=2019 |Ship decommissioned= |Ship maiden voyage=2019 |Ship in service= |Ship out of service= |Ship renamed= |Ship reclassified= |Ship refit= |Ship struck= |Ship reinstated= |Ship homeport= |Ship identification= |Ship nickname= |Ship honours= |Ship captured= |Ship fate= |Ship status=Active |Ship notes= |Ship badge= }} {{Infobox ship class overview |Name= |Operators={{navy|China}} |Class before=Hadal ARV |Class after= |Subclasses= |Cost= |Built range=2016-2019 |In service range=2019 onward |In commission range=2019 onward |Total ships building= |Total ships planned=1 |Total ships completed=1 |Total ships cancelled= |Total ships active=1 |Total ships laid up= |Total ships lost= |Total ships retired= |Total ships scrapped= |Total ships preserved= }} {{Infobox ship characteristics |Hide header= |Header caption= |Ship class= |Ship type=Hybrid UUV |Ship tonnage= |Ship displacement= |Ship length= {{Convert|3.8|m|ftin|abbr=on}} |Ship beam= |Ship height= |Ship draught= |Ship draft= |Ship depth= |Ship hold depth= |Ship decks= |Ship deck clearance= |Ship power= |Ship propulsion=Electrical (battery) |Ship speed= |Ship range= |Ship endurance= |Ship boats= |Ship troops= |Ship complement= |Ship time to activate= |Ship sensors=Various |Ship EW=None |Ship armament=None |Ship armour= None |Ship aircraft= None |Ship aircraft facilities=None |Ship notes= }}

Hadal 1 ARV (Hai-Dou 1 or 海斗 1 in Chinese, meaning Hadal 1) is a type of unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV) built in the People's Republic of China (PRC). ARV stands for Autonomous Remotely-controlled Vehicle, an idea pioneered in China by Shenyang Institute of Automation (SIA) of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and SIA is also the developer of Hadal 1 ARV, and its predecessor Hadal ARV, as well as Arctic ARV, the predecessor of Hadal ARV. Hadal 1 and its predecessor Hadal, and earlier Arctic series ARVs are the Chinese counterparts of Nereus hybrid unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV), because just like Nereus hybrid UUV, these ARVs can operate both as a AUV or a ROUV. The general designer of Hadal 1 ARV is Mr. Tang Yuan-Gui (唐元贵).{{cite web | url=http://kjt.ah.gov.cn/kjzx/kjyw/120595731.html | title=Hadal 1 | language=Zh-hans | date=October 11, 2021 }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{cite web| url=https://www.kepu.net.cn/ydrhcz/ydrhcz_zpzs/ydrh_2021/202110/t20211027_495730.html | title=Hadal 1 Autonomous remotely-controlled vehicle |language=Zh-hans | date=October 27, 2021}}{{cite web| url=http://www.stdaily.com/index/kejixinwen/2021-10/10/content_1224562.shtml | title=Hadal 1 ARV |language=Zh-hans | date=October 10, 2021}}{{cite web | url=http://www.dawanews.com/dawa/node3/n4/u1ai42406_K22.html | title=Hadal 1 unmanned underwater vehicle | language=Zh-hans | date=October 14, 2021 }}{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}{{cite web| url=https://www.163.com/dy/article/GM041RCV05504DLJ.html | title=Hadal 1 UUV |language=Zh-hans | date=October 11, 2021}}

A UUV able to switch between fully autonomous and remotely controlled modes is advantageous. When the UUV operates in greater depth, the tether cable would become heavy and limit the mobility of the UUV, so fully autonomous mode is preferred in such operations. However, when the UUV needs to operate inside wreckage or other complex structures, and need make adjustment in real time, the cost would have become prohibitive because mission planning software must include all possible scenarios, which may not cover everything, so when there are plenty opportunities of unexpected would happen, it would be far more cost effective to deploy a ROUV so human operators can adjust accordingly to the situation arose. Designing an UUV that can be both would be far more cost effective than having separate AUVs and ROUVs because one UUV can do the job for both. Earlier Arctic ARV series and Hadal ARVs have proven the idea is feasible, and based on the experience gained, Hadal ARV was developed. The project formally started in July 2016, and development was completed in 2019.{{cite web| url=http://www.jskjb.com/upload/xpaper/2020-06-12/5_Print_16_1.pdf | title=Hadal 1 development |language=Zh-hans | date=June 12, 2020}}{{cite web| url=http://www.xinhuanet.com/2020-06/10/c_1126098092.htm| title=Hadal 1 UUV development| language=Zh-hans| date=June 10, 2020| access-date=April 1, 2022| archive-date=April 1, 2022| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220401010509/http://www.xinhuanet.com/2020-06/10/c_1126098092.htm| url-status=dead}}{{cite web| url=https://news.sina.com.cn/o/2020-06-10/doc-iirczymk6291376.shtml | title=Hadal 1 ARV development |language=Zh-hans | date=June 10, 2020}} Like its predecessor Hadal ARV and earlier Arctic ARVs, Hadal 1 ARV is also having a rectangular hull, with a thruster on each side.

Because Hadal 1 ARV has to operate as an AUV when required, it carries internal power source, i.e. batteries, so it only needs a fiber-optic tether cable for data transmission,{{cite web| url=https://new.qq.com/omn/20200612/20200612A0FTZL00.html | title=Hadal 1 unmanned underwater vehicle development |language=Zh-hans | date=June 12, 2020}} and thus eliminates the heavy power cable. Specification:

• Length: 3.8 meter
• Maximum operating depth: 11000 meter
• Range: > 14 km
• Endurance: > 8 hours in AUV mode, > 10 hours in ARV mode