Halia language
{{Short description|Language}}
{{For-multi|the characters named Halia in Greek mythology|Halie|Thucydides' ancient Greek town of Halia|Halieis}}
{{Infobox language
|name=Halia
|altname=Selau
|states=Papua New Guinea
|region=Buka Island, Selau Peninsula
|speakers=25,000
|date=2005
|ref=e25
|familycolor=Austronesian
|fam2=Malayo-Polynesian
|fam3=Oceanic
|fam4=Western
|fam5=Meso-Melanesian
|fam6=Northwest Solomonic
|fam7=Nehan–Bougainville
|fam8=Buka
|fam9=Halia–Hakö
|iso3=hla
|glotto=hali1244
|glottorefname=Halia
}}
Halia is an Austronesian language of Buka Island and the Selau Peninsula of Bougainville Island, Papua New Guinea.
Phonology
= Consonants =
class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! colspan="2" | |
colspan="2" |Nasal
|{{IPA link|m}} |{{IPA link|n}} | |{{IPA link|ŋ}} | |
---|
rowspan="2" |Plosive
!voiceless |{{IPA link|p}} |{{IPA link|t}} | |{{IPA link|k}} | |
voiced
|{{IPA link|b}} | | |{{IPA link|g}} | |
colspan="2" |Affricate
| | colspan="2" |{{IPA link|ts}} ~ {{IPA link|tʃ}} | | |
colspan="2" |Fricative
| |{{IPA link|s}} | | |{{IPA link|h}} |
colspan="2" |Lateral
| |{{IPA link|l}} | | | |
colspan="2" |Rhotic
| |{{IPA link|r}} | | | |
colspan="2" |Semivowel
|{{IPA link|w}} | |{{IPA link|j}} | | |
= Vowels =
class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! !Back |
rowspan="2" |High
|{{IPA link|i}} | |{{IPA link|u}} |
---|
{{IPA link|ɪ}}
| |{{IPA link|ʊ}} |
rowspan="2" |Mid
|({{IPA link|e}}) | |{{IPA link|o}} |
{{IPA link|ɛ}}
| |{{IPA link|ɔ}} |
Low
| |{{IPA link|a}} | |
Diphthong vowel sounds include {{IPA|/ei, au, ou/}}.
{{IPAblink|e}} exists, but not as a monophthong.
= Allophones =
class="wikitable"
!Phoneme !Allophones |
{{IPA|/b/}}
|{{IPAblink|β}} |
{{IPA|/ɡ/}}
|{{IPAblink|ɣ}}, {{IPAblink|χ}} |
{{IPA|/ts/}}
|{{IPAblink|tʃ}} |
{{IPA|/r/}}
|{{IPAblink|ɾ}} |
{{IPA|/a/}}
|{{IPAblink|æ}}, {{IPAblink|ɐ}}, {{IPAblink|ʌ}} |
{{IPA|/ʊ/}}
|{{IPAblink|ɨ}} |
{{IPA|/ei/}}
|{{IPAblink|e}}, [ɛi], {{IPAblink|ɛ}} |
Grammar
= Pronouns =
There are four sets of pronouns. The first set functions as the subject when preceding the verb. Set 2 functions as a subject or object when following the verb. Set 3 is used for inalienable possession. Set 4 is used for alienable possession. There is an inclusive/exclusive first person distinction.
class="wikitable"
|+ !Pronoun !1 !2 !3 !4 |
1SG
|alia |lia | -r |i tar |
---|
2SG
|alö |lö | -mulö |i tamulö |
3SG
|nonei | -en | -nen |i tanen |
1PL (incl.)
|ara |ra | -rara |i tarara |
1PL (excl.)
|alam |lam | -mulam |i tamulam |
2PL
|alimiu |limiu | -milimiu |i tamilimiu |
3PL
|nori | -en | -ren |i taren |
The suffix -e signifies a transitive verb.{{Cite book |last=Allen |first=Jerry |url=https://archive.org/details/rosettaproject_hla_morsyn-1/page/n3/mode/2up |title=Dictionaries of Papua New Guinea, Volume 6: Halia Language |last2=Latu |first2=Marcello |last3=Koesana |first3=Maurice |last4=Tsirumits |first4=Maurice |date=1982 |publisher=Ukarumpa: Summer Institute of Linguistics |others=The Long Now Foundation}}
Literature
In the 1960s Francis Hagai produced a series of liturgies in Halia as part of his work with the Hahalis Welfare Society.{{cite book|first=G. W.|last=Trompf|title=Payback: The Logic of Retribution in Melanesian Religions|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1994|isbn=9780521416917|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bCl5aIO6mZYC|page=224}}
References
{{Reflist}}
External links
- Written materials on Halia are available at Kaipuleohone under 'Selau'
{{Meso-Melanesian languages}}
{{Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages}}
{{Languages of Papua New Guinea}}
Category:Northwest Solomonic languages
Category:Languages of Papua New Guinea
Category:Languages of the Autonomous Region of Bougainville
{{MesoMelanesian-lang-stub}}