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Halia language

{{Short description|Language}}

{{For-multi|the characters named Halia in Greek mythology|Halie|Thucydides' ancient Greek town of Halia|Halieis}}

{{Infobox language

|name=Halia

|altname=Selau

|states=Papua New Guinea

|region=Buka Island, Selau Peninsula

|speakers=25,000

|date=2005

|ref=e25

|familycolor=Austronesian

|fam2=Malayo-Polynesian

|fam3=Oceanic

|fam4=Western

|fam5=Meso-Melanesian

|fam6=Northwest Solomonic

|fam7=Nehan–Bougainville

|fam8=Buka

|fam9=Halia–Hakö

|iso3=hla

|glotto=hali1244

|glottorefname=Halia

}}

Halia is an Austronesian language of Buka Island and the Selau Peninsula of Bougainville Island, Papua New Guinea.

Phonology

The phonology of the Halia language:{{Cite book|title=Halia grammar|last=Allen|first=Jerry|publisher=Ukarumpa: Summer Institute of Linguistics|year=1987|location=Data Papers on Papua New Guinea Languages, 32|pages=4–10, 215–219}}

= Consonants =

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

! colspan="2" |

!Labial

!Alveolar

!Palatal

!Velar

!Glottal

colspan="2" |Nasal

|{{IPA link|m}}

|{{IPA link|n}}

|

|{{IPA link|ŋ}}

|

rowspan="2" |Plosive

!voiceless

|{{IPA link|p}}

|{{IPA link|t}}

|

|{{IPA link|k}}

|

voiced

|{{IPA link|b}}

|

|

|{{IPA link|g}}

|

colspan="2" |Affricate

|

| colspan="2" |{{IPA link|ts}} ~ {{IPA link|tʃ}}

|

|

colspan="2" |Fricative

|

|{{IPA link|s}}

|

|

|{{IPA link|h}}

colspan="2" |Lateral

|

|{{IPA link|l}}

|

|

|

colspan="2" |Rhotic

|

|{{IPA link|r}}

|

|

|

colspan="2" |Semivowel

|{{IPA link|w}}

|

|{{IPA link|j}}

|

|

= Vowels =

class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

!

!Front

!Central

!Back

rowspan="2" |High

|{{IPA link|i}}

|

|{{IPA link|u}}

{{IPA link|ɪ}}

|

|{{IPA link|ʊ}}

rowspan="2" |Mid

|({{IPA link|e}})

|

|{{IPA link|o}}

{{IPA link|ɛ}}

|

|{{IPA link|ɔ}}

Low

|

|{{IPA link|a}}

|

Diphthong vowel sounds include {{IPA|/ei, au, ou/}}.

{{IPAblink|e}} exists, but not as a monophthong.

= Allophones =

class="wikitable"

!Phoneme

!Allophones

{{IPA|/b/}}

|{{IPAblink|β}}

{{IPA|/ɡ/}}

|{{IPAblink|ɣ}}, {{IPAblink|χ}}

{{IPA|/ts/}}

|{{IPAblink|tʃ}}

{{IPA|/r/}}

|{{IPAblink|ɾ}}

{{IPA|/a/}}

|{{IPAblink|æ}}, {{IPAblink|ɐ}}, {{IPAblink|ʌ}}

{{IPA|/ʊ/}}

|{{IPAblink|ɨ}}

{{IPA|/ei/}}

|{{IPAblink|e}}, [ɛi], {{IPAblink|ɛ}}

Grammar

= Pronouns =

There are four sets of pronouns. The first set functions as the subject when preceding the verb. Set 2 functions as a subject or object when following the verb. Set 3 is used for inalienable possession. Set 4 is used for alienable possession. There is an inclusive/exclusive first person distinction.

class="wikitable"

|+

!Pronoun

!1

!2

!3

!4

1SG

|alia

|lia

| -r

|i tar

2SG

|alö

|lö

| -mulö

|i tamulö

3SG

|nonei

| -en

| -nen

|i tanen

1PL (incl.)

|ara

|ra

| -rara

|i tarara

1PL (excl.)

|alam

|lam

| -mulam

|i tamulam

2PL

|alimiu

|limiu

| -milimiu

|i tamilimiu

3PL

|nori

| -en

| -ren

|i taren

The suffix -e signifies a transitive verb.{{Cite book |last=Allen |first=Jerry |url=https://archive.org/details/rosettaproject_hla_morsyn-1/page/n3/mode/2up |title=Dictionaries of Papua New Guinea, Volume 6: Halia Language |last2=Latu |first2=Marcello |last3=Koesana |first3=Maurice |last4=Tsirumits |first4=Maurice |date=1982 |publisher=Ukarumpa: Summer Institute of Linguistics |others=The Long Now Foundation}}

Literature

In the 1960s Francis Hagai produced a series of liturgies in Halia as part of his work with the Hahalis Welfare Society.{{cite book|first=G. W.|last=Trompf|title=Payback: The Logic of Retribution in Melanesian Religions|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=1994|isbn=9780521416917|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bCl5aIO6mZYC|page=224}}

References

{{Reflist}}

External links

{{Meso-Melanesian languages}}

{{Eastern Malayo-Polynesian languages}}

{{Languages of Papua New Guinea}}

Category:Northwest Solomonic languages

Category:Languages of Papua New Guinea

Category:Languages of the Autonomous Region of Bougainville

{{MesoMelanesian-lang-stub}}