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Halichondria

{{short description|Genus of sponges}}

{{Automatic taxobox

| image = Sponge.noaa.jpg

| image_caption = Halichondria panicea

| taxon = Halichondria

| authority = Fleming, 1828

| subdivision = see text

}}

Halichondria is a genus of sea sponges belonging to the family Halichondriidae.{{Cite web |url=http://www.icm.csic.es/scimar/pdf/57/sm57n4283.pdf |title=A systematic revision of the central West Atlantic: Halichondrida (Demospongiae, Porifera). Part III: Description of valid species |access-date=2007-10-30 |archive-date=2015-09-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924033137/http://www.icm.csic.es/scimar/pdf/57/sm57n4283.pdf |url-status=dead }}

These are massive, amorphous sponges with clearly separated inner and outer skeletons consisting of bundles of spicules arranged in a seemingly random pattern.

This genus of sponges became important through the discovery of cell division limiting properties of the extract Halichondrin B, which inhibits cell mitosis. The drug Eribulin, a related compound and an inhibitor of microtubule function, has become an important chemotherapy treatment for certain types of cancer.

Species

The following species are recognised in the genus Halichondria:

References

{{Reflist|refs=

{{cite WoRMS |author=van Soest, R. |year= 2020|title= Halichondria Fleming, 1828|id= 131807|accessdate= 2020-09-14|db=porifera}}

{{cite journal | last1 = Towle | first1 = Murray J. | last2 = Salvato | first2 = Kathleen A. | last3 = Budrow | first3 = Jacqueline | last4 = Wels | first4 = Bruce F. | last5 = Kuznetsov | first5 = Galina | last6 = Aalfs | first6 = Kimberley K. | last7 = Welsh | first7 = Susan | last8 = Zheng | first8 = Wanjun | last9 = Seletsk | first9 = Boris M. | last10 = Palme | first10 = Monica H. | last11 = Habgood | first11 = Gregory J. | last12 = Singer | first12 = Lori A. | last13 = Dipietro | first13 = Lucian V. | last14 = Wang | first14 = Yuan | last15 = Chen | first15 = Jack J. | last16 = Quincy | first16 = David A. | last17 = Davis | first17 = Ashley | last18 = Yoshimatsu | first18 = Kentaro | last19 = Kishi | first19 = Yoshito | last20 = Yu | first20 = Melvin J. | last21 = Littlefield | first21 = Bruce A. | date = 2 February 2001 | title = In vitro and in vivo anticancer activities of synthetic macrocyclic ketone analogues of halichondrin B | journal = Cancer Research | volume = 61 | issue = 3 | pages = 1013–1021 | pmid = 11221827 | url = http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/61/3/1013 }}

{{cite book | last1 = Yu | first1 = Melvin J. | last2 = Kishi | first2 = Yoshito | last3 = Littlefield | first3 = Bruce A. | date = 2005 | chapter = Discovery of E7389, a fully synthetic macrocyclic ketone analogue of halichondrin B | editor1-last = Newman | editor1-first = David J. | editor2-last = Kingston | editor2-first = David G.I. | editor3-last = Cragg | editor3-first = Gordon M. | title = Anticancer agents from natural products | location = Washington, DC | publisher = Taylor & Francis | isbn = 978-0-8493-1863-4 | oclc = 57169963 }}

{{cite journal | last1 = Hirata | first1 = Yoshimasa | last2 = Uemura | first2 = Daisuke | date = January 1986 | title = Halichondrins - antitumor polyether macrolides from a marine sponge | journal = Pure and Applied Chemistry | volume = 58 | issue = 5 | pages = 701–710 | doi = 10.1351/pac198658050701 | url = http://www.iupac.org/publications/pac/1986/pdf/5805x0701.pdf }}

{{cite journal | last1 = Bai | first1 = Ruoli L. | last2 = Paull | first2 = Kenneth D. | last3 = Herald | first3 = Cherry L. | last4 = Malspeis | first4 = Louis | last5 = Pettit | first5 = George R. | last6 = Hamel | first6 = Ernest | date = 25 August 1991 | title = Halichondrin B and Homohalichondrin B, Marine Natural Products Binding in the Vinca Domain of Tubulin. Discovery of tubulin-based mechanism of action by analysis of differential cytotoxicity data | journal = The Journal of Biological Chemistry | volume = 266 | issue = 24 | pages = 15882–15889 | pmid = 1874739 | url = http://www.jbc.org/content/266/24/15882 }}

{{cite journal | last1 = Jordan | first1 = M.A. | last2 = Kamath | first2 = K. | last3 = Manna | first3 = T. | last4 = Okouneva | first4 = T. | last5 = Miller | first5 = H.P. | last6 = Davis | first6 = C. | last7 = Littlefield | first7 = B.A. | last8 = Wilson | first8 = L. | date = July 2005 | title = The primary antimitotic mechanism of action of the synthetic halichondrin E7389 is suppression of microtubule growth | journal = Molecular Cancer Therapeutics | volume = 4 | issue = 7 | pages = 1086–1095 | doi = 10.1158/1535-7163.MCT-04-0345 | pmid = 16020666 | doi-access = }}

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{{Taxonbar|from=Q3125963}}

Category:Halichondrida

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