Halima Begum

Begum was born in Sylhet, Bangladesh in the aftermath of the Liberation War.{{Cite web |title=Emotional Baggage |url=https://www.radiotimes.com/programme/b-jxon7x/the-compass/ |access-date=2022-05-10 |website=Radio Times |language=en |archive-date=10 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510163556/https://www.radiotimes.com/programme/b-jxon7x/the-compass/ |url-status=live }} Her parents were working-class migrants who experienced homelessness during Begum's early childhood in London. Due to discriminatory restrictions on Commonwealth British citizens accessing public services including housing, the family joined the British-Bangladeshi squatter movement and lived in a series of derelict buildings in the East End of London, one condemned for demolition as a result of bomb damage caused by the Luftwaffe during the Blitz.{{Cite web |last=Begum |first=Dr Shabna |title=From Sylhet to Spitalfields |url=https://lwbooks.co.uk/product/from-sylhet-to-spitalfields |access-date=2023-04-07 |website=Lawrence Wishart |pages=58-66, 98 and 175 |language=en-GB}}{{Cite web |last=Heaven |first=Simon |date=1980 |title=A Safe Place to Be |url=https://player.bfi.org.uk/free/film/watch-a-safe-place-to-be-1980-online |access-date=2023-04-15 |website=The British Film Institute |language=en |archive-date=15 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230415152444/https://player.bfi.org.uk/free/film/watch-a-safe-place-to-be-1980-online |url-status=live }}{{Cite news |last=Watts |first=Peter |date=2015-09-02 |title=Blitzed, rebuilt and built again: what became of London's bomb sites? |language=en-GB |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2015/sep/02/blitz-london-bomb-sites-redevelopment |access-date=2023-04-09 |issn=0261-3077 |archive-date=3 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230203214029/https://www.theguardian.com/cities/2015/sep/02/blitz-london-bomb-sites-redevelopment |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |last=Begum |first=Dr Shabna |date=15 March 2023 |title=What Brick Lane's Squatters Teach Us About Gentrification |url=https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/brick-lane-bengali-squatters-east-london-gentrification/ |access-date=2023-04-15 |website=openDemocracy |language=en}}{{Cite web |last=Begum |first=Halima |date=26 March 2021 |title=How the War of Independence Forged a Culture of Resistance among British Bangladeshis |url=https://www.runnymedetrust.org//blog/how-the-war-of-independence-forged-a-culture-of-resistance-among-british-bangladeshis |access-date=2023-04-15 |website=www.runnymedetrust.org |language=en}} With her parents eventually offered permanent public housing in the late 1970s, Begum was raised on Brick Lane in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets. She attended Thomas Buxton Primary School and Central Foundation Girls School.{{Cite news |last=Khan |first=Aina J. |date=2022-01-15 |title=Towers Rise Over London's Brick Lane, Clouding Its Future |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/01/15/world/europe/bangladesh-london-brick-lane-gentrification.html |access-date=2022-04-15 |issn=0362-4331}} As a teenager, Begum co-founded Women Unite Against Racism to combat the rising incidence of racial discrimination and Islamophobia in East London, including Millwall and the Isle of Dogs.{{Cite web |last=Begum |first=Julie |date=2019-10-21 |title=Women Unite Against Racism at Unite & Resist exhibition talk 5th October 2019 |url=https://www.swadhinata.org.uk/women-unite-against-racism-at-unite-resist-exhibition-talk-5th-october-2019/ |access-date=2022-04-15 |website=Swadhinata Trust Organisation |language=en-GB}}{{Cite web |title=BBC World Service - The Compass, Emotional Baggage, Emotional Baggage: Halima Begum |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/w3ct3jzj |access-date=2022-05-10 |website=BBC |language=en-GB}} In the early 1990s, she was active in the fight against the extreme rightwing National Front and Derek Beackon, the party's first elected councillor; she was physically assaulted several times.{{Cite web |title=BBC Radio 4 - What Really Happened in the Nineties?, 8. Race Relations |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/m0017459 |access-date=2022-05-10 |website=BBC |language=en-GB}} She took her undergraduate degree in Government and History, and her master's degree in International Relations at the London School of Economics, before completing her PhD at Queen Mary University of London.{{Cite web |last=Begum |first=Halima |date=2008-09-30 |title=Geographies of Inclusion/Exclusion: British Muslim Women in the East End of London |url=https://www.socresonline.org.uk/13/5/10.html |access-date=2022-04-15 |website=www.socresonline.org.uk |language=en |archive-date=1 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220201092549/https://www.socresonline.org.uk/13/5/10.html |url-status=live }}

As a young child Begum had a rare and debilitating medical condition that led to the surgical removal of her left eye. In an episode of the BBC World Service series Emotional Baggage, dedicated to her life and experiences of migration, Begum recounted to host Professor Henrietta Bowden-Jones how the NHS initially refused to offer her parents access to treatment for their child, despite the family's status as British citizens. Begum described to the BBC how her father, a textile factory worker, felt he had no choice left but to hand custody of his two-year-old daughter to the Imam of Brick Lane Mosque. The Imam, the mosque congregation and a still relatively small London Bangladeshi community immediately organised a campaign to secure Begum the treatment she required. Though surgeons at St Bartholomew's hospital were unable to save her left eye, Begum retains some residual vision on her right side and to this day remains under the care of the Moorfields Eye Hospital. In 2022, the Shaw Trust placed her in the top 100 disabled people in the UK.{{Cite web |title=Shaw Trust UK Disability Power 100, 2022/23 |url=https://disabilitypower100.com/the-list-2022/ |access-date=2023-01-19 |website=Shaw Trust Disability Power 100 |date=23 August 2022 |language=en-GB}}

Early in her career Begum worked for Action Aid.{{Cite web |last=Lepper |first=Joe |date=2023-07-12 |title=ActionAid UK CEO to leave after only months in the role to take top job at Oxfam |url=https://www.charitytimes.com/ct/ActionAid-UK-chief-quits-to-take-top-job-at-Oxfam.php |access-date=2024-04-19 |website=Charity Times |language=en}} In 2012 she was appointed Director for Education at the British Council, responsible for shaping education strategies across East Asia.{{Cite web |last=Baty |first=Phil |date=2016-05-04 |title=Going Global: rankings as a force for good in the developing world |url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/blog/going-global-rankings-force-good-developing-world |access-date=2022-04-16 |website=Times Higher Education (THE) |language=en |archive-date=16 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220416135546/https://www.timeshighereducation.com/blog/going-global-rankings-force-good-developing-world |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |last=The British Council Hong Kong |date=3 December 2014 |title=Grand Challenges in Asia Pacific Education |url=https://www.britishcouncil.hk/en/about/press/e-book-grand-challenges-asia-pacific-education-launched |access-date=16 April 2022}} In 2017 she was recruited to the role of Vice President of the LEGO Foundation and in 2020 was appointed Chief Executive of the Runnymede Trust.{{Cite news |date=2022-01-19 |title=UK ethnic minorities face a breathtaking legal onslaught |work=Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/content/a63e827c-14a9-433c-951d-6ab43aa48567 |access-date=2022-05-10}}{{Cite news |last=Kwai |first=Isabella |date=2021-01-25 |title=In U.K., Concern Grows Over Vaccine Hesitancy Among Minority Groups |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/25/world/europe/covid-vaccine-minorities-uk.html |access-date=2022-05-10 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=15 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415203951/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/25/world/europe/covid-vaccine-minorities-uk.html |url-status=live }}{{Cite web |title=Ash Center Conference Panelists Call for Bold Societal Change to Promote Equity {{!}} News {{!}} The Harvard Crimson |url=https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2021/10/19/hks-conference-equity/ |access-date=2022-05-10 |website=www.thecrimson.com |archive-date=29 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220529154224/https://www.thecrimson.com/article/2021/10/19/hks-conference-equity/ |url-status=live }} In 2023, she stepped down from the Runnymede Trust to re-join ActionAid as CEO.{{Cite web |title=Dr Halima Begum to step down as CEO of the Runnymede Trust |url=https://www.runnymedetrust.org//news/dr-halima-begum-to-step-down-as-ceo-of-the-runnymede-trust |access-date=2023-10-27 |website=www.runnymedetrust.org |language=en |archive-date=27 October 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231027213045/https://www.runnymedetrust.org//news/dr-halima-begum-to-step-down-as-ceo-of-the-runnymede-trust |url-status=live }} She left ActionAid after only four months to become chief executive of Oxfam.{{Cite web |last=O’Neill |first=Sean |date=2024-04-19 |title=ActionAid chief denies departure is due to bitter racism row |website=The Times |url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/article/actionaid-chief-halima-begum-insists-departure-oxfam-racism-colonialism-row-hnfgx5nmx |access-date=2024-04-19 |language=en}}

Through the COVID-19 pandemic Begum advocated for the expansion of public health measures to support ethnic minority and working class communities.{{Cite web |last=Blaszczyk |first=Michal |date=2021-04-07 |title=Campaigning during coronavirus |url=https://www.bond.org.uk/sessions/campaigning-during-coronavirus |access-date=2022-04-16 |website=Bond |language=en |archive-date=27 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220527123423/https://www.bond.org.uk/sessions/campaigning-during-coronavirus |url-status=dead }}{{Cite web |last=Hitchings-Hales |first=James |date=4 May 2021 |title=Global Citizen |url=https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/covid-19-vaccine-hesitancy-ethnic-minorities-uk/ |access-date=6 April 2022 |archive-date=16 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220416135546/https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/covid-19-vaccine-hesitancy-ethnic-minorities-uk/ |url-status=live }} This was a result of the significant and disproportionate number of Covid deaths among those cohorts.{{Cite web |last=Khan |first=Aina |title=COVID-19: As UK winter sets in minorities fear second wave impact |url=https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2020/10/27/hold-as-winter-sets-in-minorities-fear-second-wave-impact |access-date=2022-04-15 |website=www.aljazeera.com |language=en}} Begum's recommendations included increased Covid testing, vaccination priority and a targeted vaccine rollout for BAME groups.{{Cite news |last=Halima Begum and Carys Roberts |first= |title=Covid-19: ethnic minorities should get priority for testing and support |language=en |work=The Times |url=https://www.thetimes.com/uk/politics/article/covid-19-ethnic-minorities-should-get-priority-for-testing-and-support-52dwbvfgg |access-date=2022-04-15 |issn=0140-0460}}{{Cite news |last=Kwai |first=Isabella |date=2021-01-25 |title=In U.K., Concern Grows Over Vaccine Hesitancy Among Minority Groups |language=en-US |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/25/world/europe/covid-vaccine-minorities-uk.html |access-date=2022-04-15 |issn=0362-4331 |archive-date=15 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415203951/https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/25/world/europe/covid-vaccine-minorities-uk.html |url-status=live }} Her research interests during the pandemic extended to an examination of the impact of Covid on Muslim patients fasting during the month of Ramadan,{{Cite journal |last1=Waqar |first1=Salman |last2=Asaria |first2=Miqdad |last3=Ghouri |first3=Nazim |last4=Suleman |first4=Mehrunisha |last5=Begum |first5=Halima |last6=Marmot |first6=Michael |date=2021-03-27 |title=Assessing the impact of Ramadan fasting on COVID-19 mortality in the UK |journal=Journal of Global Health |volume=11 |pages=03060 |doi=10.7189/jogh.11.03060 |issn=2047-2986 |pmc=8007025 |pmid=33815777}} and the necessity of including ethnicity as an independent Covid risk factor in the shaping of public health policies.{{Cite web |last=IPPR and Runnymede Trust |date=2020-10-20 |title=Act now to protect ethnic minorities from second Covid wave |url=https://www.ippr.org/news-and-media/press-releases/slug-f994f664f9ac77ac7219b519b5991bea |access-date=2022-04-15 |website=IPPR |language=en-GB |archive-date=6 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230406194259/https://www.ippr.org/news-and-media/press-releases/slug-f994f664f9ac77ac7219b519b5991bea |url-status=live }} In February 2021, Chief Medical Officer Chris Witty announced that ethnicity would be considered a Covid risk factor in the UK, along with social deprivation and body mass index. This step saw two million more British citizens encouraged to shield and a further 800,000 fast-tracked for vaccination.{{Cite web |date=2021-02-16 |title=Ethnicity and poverty are Covid risk factors, new Oxford modelling tool shows |url=http://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/feb/16/covid-almost-2m-more-people-asked-shield-england |access-date=2022-04-15 |website=the Guardian |language=en}}{{Cite web |date=2020-10-19 |title=Prioritise Black And Asian People For Covid Tests, New Study Says |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/black-asian-priority-for-covid-tests-to-combat-structural-racism-ippr_uk_5f8dd13bc5b6dc2d17f9711c |access-date=2022-04-15 |website=HuffPost UK |language=en |archive-date=15 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220415175338/https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/black-asian-priority-for-covid-tests-to-combat-structural-racism-ippr_uk_5f8dd13bc5b6dc2d17f9711c |url-status=live }}

Begum grew up in Brick Lane within a large Bangladeshi community, the third of six children. Her father, Mohammed Abdul Kadir, was an East End textile worker who according to Begum returned to Bangladesh to help the resistance during the Liberation War.{{Cite web |title=Generation Change - From Black Power to Black Lives Matter - BBC Sounds |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m00173tv |access-date=2022-05-10 |website=www.bbc.co.uk |language=en-GB |archive-date=10 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220510162055/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/m00173tv |url-status=live }} Kadir's name is believed to be among the original signatories on the lease of the Brick Lane Mosque, a historical landmark formerly known as the Jamme Masjid Mosque and, in previous incarnations from its construction in 1743, both a church and synagogue. Begum has spoken publicly about her parents' homelessness during her early childhood and their subsequent involvement in the Bangladeshi squatter movement in 1970s London. In a BBC interview with Robert Carlyle, Begum described the considerable racial and physical abuse to which she was subjected as a child by the National Front, which maintained a bookstand outside her parents' home on Brick Lane.

In various discussions on BBC Radio 4 with interviewers including Professor Henrietta Bowden-Jones and Samira Ahmed, Begum has described being taken to school with her mother and siblings, dressed in a saree and having to push through the Neo-nazi extremists outside the family home. She called this journey, "A daily act of resistance by four little British-Bangladeshi children". When she was 23 in 1997 one of her brothers, Abdul Samad, was murdered after being pressured to become involved in a dispute between rival curry house proprietors.{{Cite web |date=2016-07-15 |title=Abdus Samad murder: Victim's grieving sister 'will never accept' violent Canonbury death |url=https://www.islingtongazette.co.uk/news/crime/21235407.abdus-samad-murder-victims-grieving-sister-will-never-accept-violent-canonbury-death/ |access-date=2024-04-19 |website=Islington Gazette |language=en |archive-date=19 April 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419105332/https://www.islingtongazette.co.uk/news/crime/21235407.abdus-samad-murder-victims-grieving-sister-will-never-accept-violent-canonbury-death/ |url-status=live }}

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Category:Year of birth missing (living people)

Category:Living people

Category:People from the London Borough of Tower Hamlets

Category:British anti-racism activists

Category:British women activists

Category:British Muslims

Category:20th-century squatters

Category:Alumni of the London School of Economics

Category:Alumni of Queen Mary University of London